diff --git a/src/server/common/helpers/redis-client.js b/src/server/common/helpers/redis-client.js
index 8520f3d94..e080c0926 100644
--- a/src/server/common/helpers/redis-client.js
+++ b/src/server/common/helpers/redis-client.js
@@ -63,9 +63,11 @@ export function buildRedisClient() {
     )
   })
 
-  redisClient.on('error', (error) => {
-    const err = getErrorMessage(error)
-    logger.error(err, `[redisConnectionError] Redis connection error - ${err}`)
+  redisClient.on('error', (err) => {
+    logger.error(
+      err,
+      `[redisConnectionError] Redis connection error - ${getErrorMessage(err)}`
+    )
   })
 
   return redisClient
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/helpers.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/helpers.ts
index a3c2b2dac..b57c893cb 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/helpers.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/helpers.ts
@@ -149,10 +149,9 @@ export function encodeUrl(link?: string) {
     try {
       return new URL(link).toString() // escape the search params without breaking the ? and & reserved characters in rfc2368
     } catch (err) {
-      const errMsg = getErrorMessage(err)
       logger.error(
-        errMsg,
-        `[urlEncodingFailed] Failed to encode URL: ${link} - ${errMsg}`
+        err,
+        `[urlEncodingFailed] Failed to encode URL: ${link} - ${getErrorMessage(err)}`
       )
       throw err
     }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/options.js b/src/server/plugins/engine/options.js
index 39f04daca..3efb29e87 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/options.js
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/options.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getErrorMessage } from '@defra/forms-model'
 import Joi from 'joi'
 
 import { createLogger } from '~/src/server/common/helpers/logging/logger.js'
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@ export function validatePluginOptions(options) {
 
   if (result.error) {
     logger.error(
-      `Missing required properties in plugin options: ${result.error.message}`
+      result.error,
+      `Missing required properties in plugin options: ${getErrorMessage(result.error)}`
     )
     throw new Error('Invalid plugin options', result.error)
   }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/FileUploadPageController.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/FileUploadPageController.ts
index 523cdfe50..3bf51f8fc 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/FileUploadPageController.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/pageControllers/FileUploadPageController.ts
@@ -326,11 +326,11 @@ export class FileUploadPageController extends QuestionPageController {
       // Depth 1: 2000ms, Depth 2: 4000ms, Depth 3: 8000ms, Depth 4: 16000ms, Depth 5+: 30000ms (capped)
       // A depth of 5 (or more) implies cumulative delays roughly reaching 55 seconds.
       if (depth >= 5) {
-        const error = new Error(
+        const err = new Error(
           `Exceeded cumulative retry delay for ${uploadId} (depth: ${depth}). Re-initiating a new upload.`
         )
         request.logger.error(
-          error,
+          err,
           `[uploadTimeout] Exceeded cumulative retry delay for uploadId: ${uploadId} at depth: ${depth} - re-initiating new upload`
         )
         await this.initiateAndStoreNewUpload(request, state)
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/routes/file-upload.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/routes/file-upload.ts
index fb64cad7a..85e768eb3 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/routes/file-upload.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/routes/file-upload.ts
@@ -23,11 +23,10 @@ export async function getHandler(
     }
 
     return h.response(status)
-  } catch (error) {
-    const errMsg = getErrorMessage(error)
+  } catch (err) {
     request.logger.error(
-      errMsg,
-      `[uploadStatusFailed] Upload status check failed for uploadId: ${uploadId} - ${errMsg}`
+      err,
+      `[uploadStatusFailed] Upload status check failed for uploadId: ${uploadId} - ${getErrorMessage(err)}`
     )
     return h.response({ error: 'Status check error' }).code(500)
   }
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.test.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.test.ts
index e0a6d5285..1a9caf79f 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.test.ts
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ describe('notifyService', () => {
     ).rejects.toThrow('Notification service unavailable')
 
     expect(mockRequest.logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      'Notification service unavailable',
+      new Error('Notification service unavailable'),
       expect.stringContaining(
         '[emailSendFailed] Error sending notification email'
       )
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.ts b/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.ts
index 9774ce826..e6bd3ee0a 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/engine/services/notifyService.ts
@@ -79,10 +79,9 @@ export async function submit(
 
     request.logger.info(logTags, 'Email sent successfully')
   } catch (err) {
-    const errMsg = getErrorMessage(err)
     request.logger.error(
-      errMsg,
-      `[emailSendFailed] Error sending notification email - templateId: ${templateId} - recipient: ${emailAddress} - ${errMsg}`
+      err,
+      `[emailSendFailed] Error sending notification email - templateId: ${templateId} - recipient: ${emailAddress} - ${getErrorMessage(err)}`
     )
 
     throw err
diff --git a/src/server/plugins/errorPages.ts b/src/server/plugins/errorPages.ts
index 9ac2af494..058da0464 100644
--- a/src/server/plugins/errorPages.ts
+++ b/src/server/plugins/errorPages.ts
@@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ export default {
           // processing the request
           const statusCode = response.output.statusCode
 
-          const error = {
+          const err = {
             statusCode,
             message: response.message,
             stack: response.stack
           }
 
           request.logger.error(
-            error,
+            err,
             `[httpError] HTTP ${statusCode} error occurred - ${response.message} - path: ${request.path} - method: ${request.method}`
           )
 
-          return h.response(error).code(statusCode)
+          return h.response(err).code(statusCode)
         }
 
         return h.continue