diff --git a/stage1/index.js b/stage1/index.js
index 54610f5..b09afbe 100644
--- a/stage1/index.js
+++ b/stage1/index.js
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ function handleRequest(request, response){
 
 var server = http.createServer(handleRequest);
 server.listen(PORT, function(){
-  console.log('Server listening on port: ' + PORT);
+  console.log(`Server listening on ${PORT}`);
 });
diff --git a/stage2/index.js b/stage2/index.js
index d6e5128..82aa2fb 100644
--- a/stage2/index.js
+++ b/stage2/index.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 var express = require('express');
 var logger = require('morgan');
-
+var port = 3000;
 var app = express();
 app.use(logger('dev')); // passing constructor directly into function
 
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ app.get('/page2', function(request, response){
   response.sendFile(__dirname + '/page2.html');
 });
 
-app.listen('3000', function(){ // port 3000
-  console.log('Server listening on port 3000');
+app.listen(port, function(){ // port 3000
+  console.log(`Server listening on port ${port}`);
 });
diff --git a/stage3/index.js b/stage3/index.js
index 243a6e1..f6d70a4 100644
--- a/stage3/index.js
+++ b/stage3/index.js
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 var express = require('express');
 var logger = require('morgan');
 
-var ap
-
-p = express();
+var app = express();
 app.use(logger('dev')); // passing constructor directly into function
 app.set('view engine', 'pug');
 
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ app.get('/users', function(request, response){
 
   })
 });
-
-app.listen('3000', function(){ // port 3000
-  console.log('Server listening on port 3000');
+const port = 3000;
+app.listen(port, function(){ // port 3000
+  console.log(`Server listening on port ${port}`);
 });
diff --git a/stage4/client/index.js b/stage4/client/index.js
index ba642a3..689d6c3 100644
--- a/stage4/client/index.js
+++ b/stage4/client/index.js
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ app.get('/messages', function(req, res){
       });
   });
 });
-
-app.listen('3000', function(){ // port 3000
-  console.log('Server listening on port 3000');
+const port = 3000;
+app.listen(port, function(){ // port 3000
+  console.log(`Server listening on port ${port}`);
 });