3-D Printing-A world beyond 2D
+ + The emerging world of 3D printing
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+3D Printing is something all of us have come across in today’s world. It +may seem like a new technology but history points out that it is no +recent development.[ In fact, 3D printing has its roots in the 1980s. In +1984, Chuck Hull, invented a process called “stereolithography” which +used UV lasers to solidify photopolymer that created 3D parts layer by +layer. A technology which initially began with the aim of prototyping +has today secured its place in the manufacturing industry. Today its use +is far more widespread than we can possibly imagine. Did you know 3D +printing techniques have been featured in movies such as IronMan, The +Hobbit, Jurassic Park, Avatar, The Muppets, Terminator Salvation, Real +Steel, Paranorman, The Avengers and Paranorman to design some props. +These are some lesser known facts about 3D printing. To know more about +this very popular technology read on. :)
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How does 3D printing work?
+ +3D printing is the process of making a three-dimensional object from a +3D model or other electronic data source.
+ +Every 3D print starts as a digital 3D design file – like a blueprint – +for a physical object. Trying to print without a design file is like +trying to print a document on a sheet of paper without a text file. This +design file is sliced into thin layers which are then sent to the 3D +printer.
+ +3D printable models can be created with a computer-aided design package +or a 3D scanner. The printing can take hours to complete depending on +the size, and the printed objects are often post-processed to reach the +desired finish.
+ +Successive layers of a given material (in liquid, powder, paper or sheet +form) are applied under computer control using a 3D printer. Since +layers are added, it is often also referred to as additive +manufacturing.
+ +Materials used +vary by printer type, ranging from plastics to rubber, sandstone, metals +and alloys - with more and more materials appearing on the market every +year. Of late, 3D printing has also been used to make human body parts, +using human tissue !!
+ +The applications of 3-D printing are widespread. From industrial +applications in manufacturing, prototyping and customization to +Biomedical devices like dental implants and prototypes of body ,3D +printing seems to be the new kid on the block ……
+ +Recent Developments in 3D printing
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- There are now 3D printers to print very long objects or multiple objects in the same print job. An extension of this has led to 3D printing on a moving platform. As the object is completed, it moves down the belt and then pops off the belt when it is done. +
- 3D printers can be controlled remotely and the printers can be operated as “lights out manufacturing”, meaning no one has to be present while the printers do their work +
- SLS (selective laser sintering) printing - this new technology is able to use a broader range of materials with differing levels of strength, flexibility and stiffness than conventional 3D printers. +
- 3D printing is slowly beginning to be used for human body parts. The day is not far when someone when someone will have a 3D printed heart. +
What does the future hold?
+ +After successfully establishing a 3D printing technology, there are now +plans to add another dimension to it. Yes, a 4-D printing technology is +in the making. 4D printing is 3D printing +plus another dimension tacked on: the variable element of time. In other +words, 4D printing involves 3D-printing objects that can eventually do +one or both of two things: self-assemble and/or change properties based +upon certain conditions.
+ +So let’s wait and watch what revolutionary innovations does this new +technology bring along!
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+In the above diagram we start the DFS from the node coloured orange and give it a low-link value of 0.
+We then proceed with the DFS, until and assign a low-link value of 1 to the neighbour of the root.
+We continue giving unique low-link ids to new nodes till node 2.
+We now hit an already visited node(node 0). So we make the low-link value of all these nodes as 0. We then pop this connected component out of the stack. These are a connected component.
+Next we pick another node(part of the DFS).
+We do these steps recursively till we obtain more strong components of the graph.
+The graph finally looks like this.
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+The sigmoid function of x is 
+This is the figurative representation of the neural network. Where layer 1 acts as input, and it is processed by layer two whose output is in turn processed by layer three and is finally given out as the final output. The layers 2 and 3 are called hidden layers.
+Usually, you set to buy something, but you end up buying a lot more than planned. This is due to the recommendations on the online websites.
+Yes, neural networks do play a role in that. By making use of neural networks and its learnings, the e-commerce giants are creating Artificial Intelligence systems that know you better than yourself. Data is collected from online searches.
+Social Media platforms instantly identify which of your friends is in the photo Artificial Intelligence research, discusses the applications of Neural Networks to power their facial recognition software. The image is passed through various levels of the network.
+To determine which weight is better to modify, a particular process, called “backpropagation” is done.
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+This gate is such that the implementation of the NOT is controlled by a control qubit( Filled Dot) while the unfilled dot is the target qubit. If the control qubit is set to 1, as in the states of |10> and |11>, then it flips (i.e. NOTs) the target qubit or else it does nothing.
+Therefore:
+Theoretically more is expected than QKD however qubits encoded using a photon’s polarization large amounts of quantum information is problematic. Photons get absorbed or scattered. Fortunately, there is a more robust way to exchange quantum information—via another property of quantum systems, called entanglement.
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+Computer Vision deals with acquiring information from digital images, and then processing them to arrive at a digital output, like numeric or symbolic information in the form of decisions.
+The Cameras
+The Shelves with items
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+where U, V and W are the parameter weights, b is the the bias,
+Xt is the current input, St-1 is the previous state,c is the bias, St is the current state and sigma is the
+sigmoid function of x.
+We could just write,
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+We can see that we don’t need the xy or xz values anymore and we can erase them from the board instead of keeping everything on the board like before. We are essentially forgetting specific information that we think is not relevant anymore. We will call this step selective forgetting.
+The previous state St-1 is passed through an output gate ot-1 to get the state
+ht-1. These are given by,
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+The study of internal ballistics is important in the design of the chamber and barrel of the fire arm. Bullets fired from a rifle will have more energy than similar bullets fired from a handgun. More powder can also be used in rifle cartridges because the bullet chambers can be designed to withstand greater pressures (50,000 to 70,000 for rifles psi vs. 30,000 to 40,000 psi for handgun chamber). Higher pressures require a bigger gun with more recoil that is slower to load and generates more heat that produces more wear on the metal. It is difficult in practice to measure the forces within a gun barrel, but the one easily measured parameter is the velocity with which the bullet exits the barrel (muzzle velocity). The controlled expansion of gases from burning gunpowder generates pressure (force/area). The area here is the base of the bullet (equivalent to diameter of barrel) and is a constant. Therefore, the energy transmitted to the bullet (with a given mass) will depend upon mass times force times the time interval over which the force is applied. The last of these factors is a function of barrel length. Bullet travel through a gun barrel is characterized by increasing acceleration as the expanding gases push on it, but decreasing pressure in the barrel as the gas expands. Up to a point of diminishing pressure, the longer the barrel, the greater the acceleration of the bullet.
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+However, the resolution of fMRIs is pretty low (we can’t know where exactly as fMRIs are taken of the entire brain). Nevertheless, since fMRIs have good scale and have been instrumental in understanding which parts of the brain influence what kind of functions.
+Though this has better resolution than fMRIs, it is still very low. Considering the complexity of the brain, it barely scratches the surface in terms of resolution but it does help us understand the electrical patterns of the brain for carrying out certain tasks like,
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+You may be greeted with the above message. In order to circumvent the above page and trick google into thinking that you are from USA, use a VPN or a proxy service that connects you to either USA or Canada and then revisit the link.
+Nvidia has been the pioneer in the gaming industry. Nvidia was the first to explore this area with the introduction of shield gaming devices. And now it has the “Now” service to revolutionize the gaming industry. This service is still in the beta stage and also available on invitation basis(just like Project Stream). Lot of games are available to anyone who gets an invitation.
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+The job of a CVT tuner is to set the constant working engine rpm to be equal to the rpm at which maximum torque or maximum power is attained, according to our requirement. For this, we have a set of springs and flyweights, the right combination of which will lead us to the desired working rpm.
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+First we visit the root node.
+Then we move on to its first child.
+Then we visit the child of node 2.
+after we are done with all the children of node 2 we move onto node 3.
+Since there are no children of 3 we move to the next child which is 4.
+ then we move to first child of 4 That is node 6.
+Then we complete the node 7.
+ and we finish it with node 8.
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+One of the drawbacks of MICAS is that exposure to sunlight can damage its working. The UV and high intensity Ultra UV radiations can change the crystal structure of CCD. So, it is generally oriented away from Sun.
+One of the coolest application of MICAS is that DS1 uses MICAS to locate and orient itself. This is done using Autonomous Navigation or AutoNav.
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+The first fluid sloshing mode at 0.02 Hz
+The mass-spring and pendulum models
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A holographic storage device developed by InPhaseTechnologies (one of the companies leading in holographic storage device manufacture)
The image above shows the data read process. The beam on the right is the reference beam, and that on the left is the data beam. The cuboid is the recording medium (usually lithium niobate crystals)
The image above shows the data read process. Only the reference beam is used
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+Some critics of Hyperloop focus on the experience—possibly unpleasant and frightening—of riding in a narrow, sealed, and windowless capsule inside a sealed steel tunnel, that is subjected to significant acceleration forces; high noise levels due to air being compressed and ducted around the capsule at near-sonic speeds; and the vibration and jostling. Even if the tube is initially smooth, ground may shift due to seismic activity. At high speeds, even minor deviations from a straight path may add considerable buffeting. This is in addition to the obvious practical and logistical questions regarding how to best deal with equipment malfunction, accidents, and emergency evacuations.
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+Here are the four main features of the hyperloop
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+So how does this becomes possible? We take the example of marking tweets as suicidal. We make an ML model which is a simple function that takes emails as input and gives spam or not spam as output. So now we tell this model to filter out all those tweets which have 
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+Figure 1: a) Positive Refractive Index material; b) Negative refractive Index material; c) A parallel-sided slab with a Negative Refractive Index behaves as a perfect lens.
+Figure 2: Left) An object placed in an electric field disturbs the field lines; Right) A cloaked object does not disturb the field lines making it “invisible.”
+Figure 3: An illustrated representation of a structure being made “invisible” to seismic waves with metamaterials
+Figure 4: An illustration of an acoustic metamaterial used to trap and slow down sound waves
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+When I first started Image Processing, I was blown back at the abundance of information available online. One of the first steps I needed to take was to decide between the leading Image Processing tools, OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision) and Matlab. Where Matlab is easier to setup and faster to debug, OpenCV usually runs faster due to its better optimization, has a much larger comprehensive open source library for computer vision, and many more functions. Not to forget, OpenCV is entirely free, whereas Matlab has a pretty pricing licensing involved.
+Now without dwelling with the non-technical details, let us dive into the world of OpenCV! You can use OpenCV on Ubuntu, Windows, and macOS so no worries there. Installation can be a bit complicated but thankfully there are great guides out there for different Operating Systems. OpenCV is compatible with Python 2.7, Python 3.5, Java, C, and C++ so use whichever programming language you are most comfortable with. I would suggest learning in Python just because of the extensive support online for Python and OpenCV. For windows I usually prefer to work with Anaconda because of its versatility but it’s up to you. You will also need Numpy for numerical operations and Matplotlib for viewing your images in an easy way.
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+(source: Sutton and Barto)
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+The Team
+Login Screen
+List of students who match a Professor’s Criteria
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+Promises gives you this feature of asynchronous nature in the code. It actually lets a third agent interact with your code: let’s take a small example.
+Assume that we are doing a function 
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+The first ever made quantum computer
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+The picture above clearly shows our tendency to lean our necks forward while using mobile phones. something now known as text neck syndrome. Whether you know about increased stresses at support in a cantilever beam (which is similar to our neck when bent forward) or not, this can lead to chronic neck and back pain in the long run.
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+ According to this design, the solar power that would be collected by the solar panels is converted into electrical energy and would be transmitted by a microwave antenna, which is built onto the satellite, to a large ground-based receiver called Rectenna.
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+Hawkeye hit the screens in 2001. It is the technology used to track a ball’s trajectory. Hawk-Eye uses technology originally used for brain surgery and missile tracking. It uses six or more computer-linked television cameras situated around the court. Six separate views are obtained and then combined together to produce an accurate 3D representation of the path of the ball. It is presently being used in international cricket and tennis, and many other sports are also looking at making use of this technology. The review system through the use of Hawkeye helps in correcting many umpiring errors.
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+The McLaren TAG-320 up close
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+Thomas Edison
+Nikola Tesla
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+The nanotechnology “would lend enormous value to self-cleaning wearable/washable electronics that are resistant to stains, or ice and biofilm formation,” according to a recent paper describing the discovery.
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+When this is repeated multiple times the probability that Alice comes up the right side without knowing the magic word reduces to (½)N where N is the number of times the test is run.
