In schemas.isotc211.org/json/19115/-4/C1-19115-4-JSON-example.json,, the use of EX_GeographicDescription (lines 247-250) is wrong - a common mistake.
The value "Australia excluding external territories" is not a code within an MD_Identifier - the use of that data type (strongly) implies the value should be a code within a controlled list (a gazetteer). Text like this should/could go in EX_Extent.description - and in this example, perhaps the value their ("Australia") could be seen as a code in a gazetteer.
The ISO 19111 revision project has asked that the ISO 19115-1 revision project make this distinction of purpose (between EX_Extent.description and EX_GeographicDescription) clearer. See https://github.com/ISO-TC211/ISO19115/issues/34 (if you have access to that project)