From da1c80ba1d47cc1d0b0f84b998554c021938363e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Michael Cochez <3889771+miselico@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 1 Aug 2025 00:08:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Update 05-inductive.php Fix for #91 Should we backport this change to the tex? --- chapters/05-inductive.php | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/chapters/05-inductive.php b/chapters/05-inductive.php index 71ae4a5..f8b7bca 100644 --- a/chapters/05-inductive.php +++ b/chapters/05-inductive.php @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
Given two tensors \(\mathcal{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{a_1,\ldots,a_n}\) and \(\mathcal{Y} \in \mathbb{R}^{a_1,\ldots,a_n}\), the Hadamard product \(\mathcal{X} \odot \mathcal{Y}\) is defined as a tensor in \(\mathbb{R}^{a_1,\ldots,a_n}\), with each element computed as \((\mathcal{X} \odot \mathcal{Y})_{i_1\ldots i_{n}} \coloneqq (\mathcal{X})_{i_1\ldots i_{n}} (\mathcal{Y})_{i_1\ldots i_{n}}\).
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Other embedding techniques – namely RotatE cite("SunDNT19"); ?> and ComplEx cite("TrouillonWRGB16"); ?> – uses complex space based on complex numbers. With a slight abuse of notation, the definitions of vectors, matrices and tensors can be modified by replacing the set of real numbers \(\mathbb{R}\) by the set of complex numbers \(\mathbb{C}\), giving rise to complex vectors, complex matrices, and complex tensors. In this case, we denote by \(\mathrm{Re}(\cdot)\) the real part of a complex number. Given a complex vector \(\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{C}^I\), we denote by \(\overline{\mathbf{x}}\) its complex conjugate (swapping the sign of the imaginary part of each element). Complex analogues of the aforementioned operators can then be defined by replacing the multiplication and addition of real numbers with the analogous operators for complex numbers, where RotateE cite("SunDNT19"); ?> uses the complex Hadamard product, and ComplEx cite("TrouillonWRGB16"); ?> uses complex matrix multiplication.

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Other embedding techniques – namely RotatE cite("SunDNT19"); ?> and ComplEx cite("TrouillonWRGB16"); ?> – uses complex space based on complex numbers. With a slight abuse of notation, the definitions of vectors, matrices and tensors can be modified by replacing the set of real numbers \(\mathbb{R}\) by the set of complex numbers \(\mathbb{C}\), giving rise to complex vectors, complex matrices, and complex tensors. In this case, we denote by \(\mathrm{Re}(\cdot)\) the real part of a complex number. Given a complex vector \(\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{C}^I\), we denote by \(\overline{\mathbf{x}}\) its complex conjugate (swapping the sign of the imaginary part of each element). Complex analogues of the aforementioned operators can then be defined by replacing the multiplication and addition of real numbers with the analogous operators for complex numbers, where RotatE cite("SunDNT19"); ?> uses the complex Hadamard product, and ComplEx cite("TrouillonWRGB16"); ?> uses complex matrix multiplication.

One embedding technique – MuRP cite("BalazevicAH19"); ?> – uses hyperbolic space, specifically based on the Poincaré ball. As this is the only embedding we cover that uses this space, and the formalisms are lengthy (covering the Poincaré ball, Möbius addition, Möbius matrix–vector multiplication, logarithmic maps, exponential maps, etc.), we rather refer the reader to the paper for further details cite("BalazevicAH19"); ?>.

As discussed in Section , tensor decompositions are used for many embeddings, and at the heart of such decompositions is the tensor product, which is often used to reconstruct (an approximation of) the original tensor.