diff --git a/data/annotated-marc-rules.json b/data/annotated-marc-rules.json
index 467d3694..26a5eaff 100644
--- a/data/annotated-marc-rules.json
+++ b/data/annotated-marc-rules.json
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
     "marcIndicatorRegExp": "^340",
     "subfieldSpec": {
       "subfields": [
-        "6"
+        "6", "2"
       ],
       "directive": "exclude"
     },
diff --git a/lib/elasticsearch/cql_grammar.js b/lib/elasticsearch/cql_grammar.js
index 81f9aafc..eb6efa86 100644
--- a/lib/elasticsearch/cql_grammar.js
+++ b/lib/elasticsearch/cql_grammar.js
@@ -17,24 +17,39 @@ function reverseGrammar (grammar) {
 const leftCql = `
  query ::=  query whitespace connective whitespace sub_query | sub_query
  connective ::= "AND NOT" | "AND" | "OR" | "NOT"
- sub_query ::= atomic_query | "(" query ")"
- atomic_query ::= scope relation quoted_term
+ sub_query ::= atomic_query | lparen_space query rparen_space
+ atomic_query ::= scope relation search_term
+ search_term ::= quoted_term | unquoted_word
  scope ::= scope_term whitespace | scope_term
  relation ::= relation_term whitespace | relation_term
  scope_term ::= "title" | "author" | "keyword" | "callnumber" | "identifier" | "subject" | "language" | "date" | "series"| "genre" | "center" | "division" | "format"
  relation_term ::= "any" | "adj" | "all" | "<=" | ">=" | "<" | ">" | "==" | "=" | "within" | "encloses"
  quoted_term ::= quote phrase quote
- phrase ::= phrase whitespace word | word
+ phrase ::= phrase whitespace_or_word | whitespace_or_word
+ whitespace_or_word ::= whitespace | word
  whitespace ::= [#x20#x09#x0A#x0D]+
  word ::= word escaped_char | word regular_char | escaped_char | regular_char
  regular_char ::= [^#x22#x5c#x20#x09#x0A#x0D]
+ unquoted_word ::= unquoted_word escaped_char | unquoted_word unquoted_char | escaped_char | unquoted_char
+ unquoted_char ::= [^#x22#x5c#x20#x09#x0A#x0D=<>()]
  escaped_char ::= slash char
  slash ::= [#x5c]
  char ::= [a-z]|[^a-z]
  quote ::= [#x22]
+ lparen_space ::= lparen whitespace | lparen
+ rparen_space ::= whitespace rparen | rparen
+ lparen ::= [#x28]
+ rparen ::= [#x29]
 `
+function makeCaseInsensitiveLiterals (grammar) {
+  // Transform literals (e.g. "and not") into case-insensitive EBNF matches
+  return grammar.replace(/"([a-zA-Z ]+)"/g, (match, p1) => {
+    return p1.split('').map(c => c === ' ' ? 'whitespace' : `[${c.toLowerCase()}${c.toUpperCase()}]`).join(' ')
+  })
+}
 
-const rightCql = reverseGrammar(leftCql)
+const processedLeftCql = makeCaseInsensitiveLiterals(leftCql)
+const rightCql = reverseGrammar(processedLeftCql)
 
 function simplify (ast) {
   switch (ast.type) {
@@ -56,14 +71,19 @@ function simplify (ast) {
       return ast.text
     case 'relation_term':
       return ast.text
+    case 'search_term':
+      return simplify(ast.children.find(child => child.type.includes('quoted_term') || child.type.includes('word')))
     case 'quoted_term':
       return simplify(ast.children.find(child => child.type.includes('phrase')))
     case 'phrase': {
-      const word = ast.children.find(child => child.type === 'word')
+      const word = ast.children.find(child => child.type === 'whitespace_or_word')
       const phrase = ast.children.find(child => child.type === 'phrase')
-      return [simplify(word)].concat(phrase ? simplify(phrase) : [])
+      return [simplify(word)].filter(x => x).concat(phrase ? simplify(phrase) : [])
     }
+    case 'whitespace_or_word':
+      return simplify(ast.children.find(child => child.type === 'word'))
     case 'word':
+    case 'unquoted_word':
       return ast.text
     default:
       break
@@ -94,12 +114,12 @@ function parseWithRightCql (string) {
 
 function parsedASTtoNestedArray (ast) {
   if (!ast.type.includes('query')) {
-    return reverseString(ast.text)
+    return ast.text.trim()
   }
 
   const childTypes = [
     'atomic_query', 'sub_query', 'query', 'connective',
-    'scope', 'relation', 'quoted_term'
+    'scope', 'relation', 'search_term'
   ]
 
   const children = ast.children
@@ -113,18 +133,4 @@ function parsedASTtoNestedArray (ast) {
   return children
 }
 
-// we need to reverse the error message since `parseWithRightCql` doesn't
-function displayParsed (string) {
-  const parsed = parseWithRightCql(string)
-  if (!parsed) return {}
-  if (parsed.errors.length) {
-    return {
-      error: parsed.errors.map(error =>
-        `Parsing error likely near end of "${reverseString(error.token.rest)}"`
-      ).join('\n')
-    }
-  }
-  return { parsed: parsedASTtoNestedArray(parsed) }
-}
-
-module.exports = { simplify, reverseAST, reverseGrammar, parseRight, parseWithRightCql, rightCqlParser, reverseString, displayParsed }
+module.exports = { simplify, reverseAST, reverseGrammar, parseRight, parseWithRightCql, rightCqlParser, reverseString, parsedASTtoNestedArray }
diff --git a/lib/elasticsearch/cql_query_builder.js b/lib/elasticsearch/cql_query_builder.js
index 0f10f9bf..58fb7a27 100644
--- a/lib/elasticsearch/cql_query_builder.js
+++ b/lib/elasticsearch/cql_query_builder.js
@@ -1,19 +1,45 @@
-const { parseWithRightCql } = require('./cql_grammar')
+const { parseWithRightCql, reverseString, parsedASTtoNestedArray } = require('./cql_grammar')
 const { indexMapping } = require('./cql/index-mapping')
 const ElasticQueryBuilder = require('./elastic-query-builder')
+const { InvalidParameterError } = require('../errors')
 
-function buildEsQuery (cqlQuery, request = null) {
-  const filterQuery = buildFilterQuery(request)
-  return {
-    bool: {
-      should: [
-        buildEsQueryFromTree(
-          parseWithRightCql(cqlQuery.trim())
-        )
-      ],
-      ...filterQuery
+class CqlQuery {
+  constructor (queryStr) {
+    this.queryStr = (queryStr || '').trim()
+    this.parsedAST = null
+  }
+
+  parse () {
+    if (!this.parsedAST) {
+      this.parsedAST = parseWithRightCql(this.queryStr)
+    }
+    return this.parsedAST
+  }
+
+  buildEsQuery (request = null) {
+    const filterQuery = buildFilterQuery(request)
+    return {
+      bool: {
+        must: [
+          buildEsQueryFromTree(this.parse(), this.queryStr)
+        ],
+        ...filterQuery
+      }
     }
   }
+
+  displayParsed () {
+    const parsed = this.parse()
+    if (!parsed) return { error: 'Unknown parsing error. Error most likely near end of string' }
+    if (parsed.errors && parsed.errors.length) {
+      return {
+        error: parsed.errors.map(error =>
+          `Parsing error likely near end of "${reverseString(error.token.rest)}"`
+        ).join('\n')
+      }
+    }
+    return { parsed: parsedASTtoNestedArray(parsed) }
+  }
 }
 
 function buildFilterQuery (request) {
@@ -52,6 +78,7 @@ function buildEsQueryFromTree (tree) {
 }
 
 function buildBoolean (operator, queries) {
+  operator = operator.toUpperCase()
   if (['NOT', 'AND NOT'].includes(operator)) return buildNegation(queries)
   const esOperator = operator === 'AND' ? 'must' : 'should'
   return {
@@ -89,7 +116,7 @@ function atomicQueryParams (atomicQuery) {
   for Hamlet Shakespeare, Hamlet, and Shakespeare, and this will return Hamlet Shakespeare
  */
 function findTopPhrase (tree) {
-  if (tree.type === 'phrase') return tree.text
+  if (tree.type === 'phrase' || tree.type === 'unquoted_word') return tree.text.trim()
   const topPhrases = tree.children.map(child => findTopPhrase(child)).filter(x => x)
   return topPhrases.length ? topPhrases[0] : null
 }
@@ -100,7 +127,7 @@ function findTopPhrase (tree) {
   of word nodes for H, Ha, Ham, etc...
  */
 function findTopWords (tree) {
-  if (tree.type === 'word') return [tree.text]
+  if (tree.type === 'word' || tree.type === 'unquoted_word') return [tree.text.trim()]
   return tree.children.map(child => findTopWords(child)).flat()
 }
 
@@ -139,6 +166,16 @@ function hasFields (obj) {
  */
 
 function buildAtomic ({ scope, relation, terms, term }) {
+  scope = scope.toLowerCase()
+  relation = relation.toLowerCase()
+
+  if (scope === 'date') {
+    const dateRegex = /^\d{4}(?:[-/]\d{2})?(?:[-/]\d{2})?$/
+    if (!terms.every(t => dateRegex.test(t))) {
+      throw new InvalidParameterError('Dates must be of the form YYYY, YYYY/MM, or YYYY/MM/DD ')
+    }
+  }
+
   const allFields = nestedFilterAndMap(
     indexMapping[scope],
     field => typeof field === 'string' || field.on(term),
@@ -214,7 +251,6 @@ function buildAtomicMain ({ fields, relation, terms, term }) {
 }
 
 function anyAllQueries ({ fields, relation, terms }) {
-  if (!['any', 'all'].includes(relation)) { return null }
   const operator = (relation === 'any' ? 'should' : 'must')
   return {
     bool: {
@@ -224,7 +260,6 @@ function anyAllQueries ({ fields, relation, terms }) {
 }
 
 function adjEqQueries ({ fields, relation, terms, term }) {
-  if (!['=', '==', 'adj'].includes(relation)) { return null }
   const type = (relation === '==') ? 'exact' : 'phrase'
   return matchTermWithFields(fields, term, type)
 }
@@ -335,7 +370,7 @@ function multiMatch (fields, term, type) {
 }
 
 module.exports = {
-  buildEsQuery,
+  CqlQuery,
   buildEsQueryFromTree,
   buildBoolean,
   buildAtomic,
diff --git a/lib/resources.js b/lib/resources.js
index 5c6dd4e9..4cd606d6 100644
--- a/lib/resources.js
+++ b/lib/resources.js
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ const { parseParams, deepValue } = require('../lib/util')
 
 const ApiRequest = require('./api-request')
 const ElasticQueryBuilder = require('./elasticsearch/elastic-query-builder')
-const cqlQueryBuilder = require('./elasticsearch/cql_query_builder')
-const { displayParsed } = require('./elasticsearch/cql_grammar')
+const { CqlQuery } = require('./elasticsearch/cql_query_builder')
 const { FILTER_CONFIG, SEARCH_SCOPES, AGGREGATIONS_SPEC } = require('./elasticsearch/config')
 
 const errors = require('./errors')
@@ -651,10 +650,12 @@ module.exports = function (app, _private = null) {
     app.logger.debug('Parsed params: ', params)
 
     let parsed = {}
+    let cqlQuery = null
 
     if (params.search_scope === 'cql') {
+      cqlQuery = new CqlQuery(params.q)
       try {
-        parsed = displayParsed(params.q) // ?
+        parsed = cqlQuery.displayParsed()
       } catch (e) {
         throw new IndexSearchError('Unknown parsing error. Error most likely near end of string')
       }
@@ -666,16 +667,14 @@ module.exports = function (app, _private = null) {
       }
     }
 
-    let body = buildElasticBody(params)
+    let body = buildElasticBody(params, cqlQuery)
 
     // Strip unnecessary _source fields
     body._source = {
       excludes: EXCLUDE_FIELDS.concat(['items'])
     }
 
-    if (params.search_scope !== 'cql') {
-      body = addInnerHits(body, { merge_checkin_card_items: params.merge_checkin_card_items })
-    }
+    body = addInnerHits(body, { merge_checkin_card_items: params.merge_checkin_card_items })
 
     app.logger.debug('Resources#search', RESOURCES_INDEX, body)
 
@@ -878,13 +877,13 @@ module.exports = function (app, _private = null) {
  *
  *  @return {object} An object that can be posted directly to ES
  */
-const buildElasticBody = function (params) {
+const buildElasticBody = function (params, cqlQuery = null) {
   const body = {
     from: (params.per_page * (params.page - 1)),
     size: params.per_page
   }
 
-  body.query = buildElasticQuery(params)
+  body.query = buildElasticQuery(params, cqlQuery)
 
   // Apply sort:
   let direction
@@ -910,10 +909,10 @@ const buildElasticBody = function (params) {
  *
  * @return {object} ES query object suitable to be POST'd to ES endpoint
  */
-const buildElasticQuery = function (params) {
+const buildElasticQuery = function (params, cqlQuery = null) {
   const request = ApiRequest.fromParams(params)
   if (params.search_scope === 'cql') {
-    const query = cqlQueryBuilder.buildEsQuery(params.q, request)
+    const query = (cqlQuery || new CqlQuery(params.q)).buildEsQuery(request)
     return query
   }
 
diff --git a/scripts/update-annotated-marc-rules.js b/scripts/update-annotated-marc-rules.js
index 89047644..5626aafb 100755
--- a/scripts/update-annotated-marc-rules.js
+++ b/scripts/update-annotated-marc-rules.js
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 /**
  *  This file rebuilds data/annotated-marc-rules.json from data/webpub.def
+ *  Note that currently data/annotated-marc-rules.json intentionally diverges
+ *  from webpub.def, in particular 340 excludes subfield 2
  *
  *  Webpub.def is a Sierra configuration file, which controls how specific marc
  *  fields are rendered in the catalog. We use it to build our own "annotated-
diff --git a/test/cql_grammar.test.js b/test/cql_grammar.test.js
index 24d5d5d6..014652c2 100644
--- a/test/cql_grammar.test.js
+++ b/test/cql_grammar.test.js
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ function validateAtomicQuery (parsed, scope, relation, quotedTerm) {
   const relationNode = atomicQuery.children.find(child => child.type === 'relation')
   const relationTerm = relationNode.children.find(child => child.type === 'relation_term')
   expect(relationTerm.text).to.equal(relation)
-  const quotedTermNode = atomicQuery.children.find(child => child.type === 'quoted_term')
-  expect(quotedTermNode.text).to.equal(quotedTerm)
+  const searchTermNode = atomicQuery.children.find(child => child.type === 'search_term')
+  expect(searchTermNode.text).to.equal(quotedTerm)
 }
 
 describe('CQL Grammar', function () {
@@ -29,6 +29,16 @@ describe('CQL Grammar', function () {
       validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('subject all "hamlet shakespeare"'), 'subject', 'all', '"hamlet shakespeare"')
     })
 
+    it('parses single-word atomic queries without quotes', function () {
+      validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('title=hamlet'), 'title', '=', 'hamlet')
+    })
+
+    it('parses quoted queries containing special characters', function () {
+      validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('title="hamlet=prince"'), 'title', '=', '"hamlet=prince"')
+      validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('date > "1990 > 1980"'), 'date', '>', '"1990 > 1980"')
+      validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('author adj "shakespeare (william)"'), 'author', 'adj', '"shakespeare (william)"')
+    })
+
     it('allows whitespace variants', function () {
       validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('title ="hamlet"'), 'title', '=', '"hamlet"')
       validateAtomicQuery(parseWithRightCql('title= "hamlet"'), 'title', '=', '"hamlet"')
diff --git a/test/cql_query_builder.test.js b/test/cql_query_builder.test.js
index cf856b5c..88515494 100644
--- a/test/cql_query_builder.test.js
+++ b/test/cql_query_builder.test.js
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 const { expect } = require('chai')
 
-const { buildEsQuery } = require('../lib/elasticsearch/cql_query_builder')
+const { CqlQuery } = require('../lib/elasticsearch/cql_query_builder')
 const ApiRequest = require('../lib/api-request')
+const { InvalidParameterError } = require('../lib/errors')
 const {
   simpleAdjQuery,
   simpleAnyQuery,
@@ -29,171 +30,243 @@ const {
 
 describe('CQL Query Builder', function () {
   it('Simple = query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title="Hamlet"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title="Hamlet"').buildEsQuery())
+      .to.deep.equal(
+        simpleAdjQuery
+      )
+  })
+
+  it('Trims whitespace in query terms', function () {
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title="  Hamlet  "').buildEsQuery())
+      .to.deep.equal(
+        simpleAdjQuery
+      )
+  })
+
+  it('Simple = query without quotes', function () {
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title=Hamlet').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         simpleAdjQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Simple adj query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title adj "Hamlet"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title adj "Hamlet"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         simpleAdjQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Multi-word adj query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title adj "Hamlet, Prince"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title adj "Hamlet, Prince"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         multiAdjQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Simple any query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title any "Hamlet Othello"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title any "Hamlet Othello"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         simpleAnyQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Simple all query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title all "Hamlet Othello"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title all "Hamlet Othello"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         simpleAllQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Prefix phrase query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title = "^The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title = "^The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         prefixPhraseQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Prefix queries mixed into any query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('title any "^Tragedy ^Comedy Hamlet Othello"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('title any "^Tragedy ^Comedy Hamlet Othello"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         anyWithPrefixQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Keyword query for barcode', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('keyword = "123456"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('keyword = "123456"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         keywordQueryForBarcode
       )
   })
 
   it('Keyword query for shelfMark', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('keyword = "B 12"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('keyword = "B 12"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         keywordQueryForShelfMark
       )
   })
 
   it('Keyword query for general term', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('keyword = "Hamlet"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('keyword = "Hamlet"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         keywordQueryForGeneralTerm
       )
   })
 
   it('Identifier query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('identifier = "b1234"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('identifier = "b1234"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         identifierQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Binary boolean query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND language = "English"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND language = "English"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         binaryBooleanQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Ternary boolean query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND language = "English" OR genre = "tragedy"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND language = "English" OR genre = "tragedy"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         ternaryBooleanQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Boolean query with parentheses', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND (language = "English" OR genre = "tragedy")'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND (language = "English" OR genre = "tragedy")').buildEsQuery())
+      .to.deep.equal(
+        queryWithParentheses
+      )
+  })
+
+  it('Boolean query with parentheses and whitespace', function () {
+    expect(new CqlQuery('  author = "Shakespeare"   AND ( language = "English" OR genre = "tragedy" )  ').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         queryWithParentheses
       )
   })
 
   it('Query with NOT', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author = "Shakespeare" NOT language = "English"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author = "Shakespeare" NOT language = "English"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         negationQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Query with AND NOT', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND NOT language = "English"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author = "Shakespeare" AND NOT language = "English"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         negationQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Date after query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('date > "1990"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('date > "1990"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         dateAfterQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Date after or on query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('date >= "1990"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('date >= "1990"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         dateAfterOrOnQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Date before query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('date < "1990"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('date < "1990"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         dateBeforeQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Date dateBeforeOrOnQuery query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('date <= "1990"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('date <= "1990"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         dateBeforeOrOnQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Date within query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('date within "1990 2000"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('date within "1990 2000"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         dateWithinQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Date encloses query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('date encloses "1990 2000"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('date encloses "1990 2000"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         dateEnclosesQuery
       )
   })
 
+  it('Throws InvalidParameterError for invalid date formats', function () {
+    expect(() => new CqlQuery('date > "199"').buildEsQuery()).to.throw(InvalidParameterError, 'Dates must be of the form YYYY, YYYY/MM, or YYYY/MM/DD ')
+    expect(() => new CqlQuery('date > "1990/1"').buildEsQuery()).to.throw(InvalidParameterError, 'Dates must be of the form YYYY, YYYY/MM, or YYYY/MM/DD ')
+    expect(() => new CqlQuery('date > "not-a-date"').buildEsQuery()).to.throw(InvalidParameterError, 'Dates must be of the form YYYY, YYYY/MM, or YYYY/MM/DD ')
+  })
+
   it('Query with applied filters', function () {
     const apiRequest = new ApiRequest({ filters: { language: ['Klingon'] }, search_scope: 'cql' })
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author="Shakespeare"', apiRequest))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author="Shakespeare"').buildEsQuery(apiRequest))
       .to.deep.equal(
         filterQuery
       )
   })
 
   it('Exact match query', function () {
-    expect(buildEsQuery('author == "William Shakespeare"'))
+    expect(new CqlQuery('author == "William Shakespeare"').buildEsQuery())
       .to.deep.equal(
         exactMatchQuery
       )
   })
+
+  it('Handles query with funny casing', function () {
+    expect(new CqlQuery('AuThOr = "Shakespeare" aNd LaNgUaGe = "English"').buildEsQuery())
+      .to.deep.equal(
+        binaryBooleanQuery
+      )
+  })
+
+  describe('displayParsed', function () {
+    it('returns parsed AST array for valid queries', function () {
+      const result = new CqlQuery('title="Hamlet"').displayParsed()
+      expect(result).to.have.property('parsed')
+      expect(result).to.not.have.property('error')
+      expect(result.parsed).to.deep.equal(['title', '=', '"Hamlet"'])
+    })
+
+    it('returns parsed AST array for complex queries', function () {
+      const result = new CqlQuery('author="Shakespeare" AND (language="English" OR genre="tragedy")').displayParsed()
+      expect(result).to.have.property('parsed')
+      expect(result).to.not.have.property('error')
+      expect(result.parsed).to.deep.equal([
+        ['author', '=', '"Shakespeare"'],
+        'AND',
+        [
+          ['language', '=', '"English"'],
+          'OR',
+          ['genre', '=', '"tragedy"']
+        ]
+      ])
+    })
+
+    it('returns error message for invalid queries', function () {
+      const result = new CqlQuery('title="Hamlet" AND').displayParsed()
+      expect(result).to.have.property('error')
+      expect(result).to.not.have.property('parsed')
+      expect(result.error).to.include('parsing error')
+    })
+
+    it('returns specific error message for partially valid queries', function () {
+      const result = new CqlQuery('badscope="Hamlet" AND title="Dogs"').displayParsed()
+      expect(result).to.have.property('error')
+      expect(result).to.not.have.property('parsed')
+      expect(result.error).to.include('Parsing error likely near end of')
+    })
+  })
 })
diff --git a/test/fixtures/cql_fixtures.js b/test/fixtures/cql_fixtures.js
index 552333c0..cce72afc 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/cql_fixtures.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/cql_fixtures.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 const simpleAdjQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const simpleAdjQuery = {
 
 const multiAdjQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ const multiAdjQuery = {
 
 const prefixPhraseQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ const prefixPhraseQuery = {
 
 const simpleAnyQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ const simpleAnyQuery = {
 
 const anyWithPrefixQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ const anyWithPrefixQuery = {
 
 const simpleAllQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ const simpleAllQuery = {
 
 const keywordQueryForBarcode = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ const keywordQueryForBarcode = {
 
 const keywordQueryForShelfMark = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ const keywordQueryForShelfMark = {
 
 const keywordQueryForGeneralTerm = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ const keywordQueryForGeneralTerm = {
 
 const identifierQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ const identifierQuery = {
 
 const binaryBooleanQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           must: [
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ const binaryBooleanQuery = {
 
 const ternaryBooleanQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ const ternaryBooleanQuery = {
 
 const queryWithParentheses = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           must: [
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ const queryWithParentheses = {
 
 const negationQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           must: [
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ const negationQuery = {
 
 const dateAfterQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ const dateAfterQuery = {
 
 const dateBeforeQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ const dateBeforeQuery = {
 
 const dateBeforeOrOnQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ const dateBeforeOrOnQuery = {
 
 const dateAfterOrOnQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ const dateAfterOrOnQuery = {
 
 const dateWithinQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ const dateWithinQuery = {
 
 const dateEnclosesQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ const dateEnclosesQuery = {
 
 const filterQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [
@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ const filterQuery = {
 
 const exactMatchQuery = {
   bool: {
-    should: [
+    must: [
       {
         bool: {
           should: [