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+# Prepared Statement Affinity and Performance Impact Analysis
+
+**Date:** 2026-05-08  
+**Status:** Findings Documented
+
+---
+
+## Question
+
+> What is the performance impact of prepared statements in OJP multinode mode?  
+> Are prepared statements bound to a single connection, so all calls for that prepared statement must go to the same OJP server (sticky)?
+
+---
+
+## Short Answer
+
+Yes. In practice, prepared statements are session/connection-bound in OJP, so prepared-statement calls are expected to stay on the same bound server for correctness and reuse.  
+Performance gain depends on affinity quality:
+
+- **High affinity** → good reuse, less parse/prepare overhead.
+- **Low affinity** → less reuse and more repeated prepare work.
+
+---
+
+## Findings
+
+### 1) Prepared statements are stored inside a server-side `Session`
+
+Server-side session state includes a dedicated `preparedStatementMap` keyed by UUID.  
+This means prepared statement lifecycle is tied to that specific session object (and therefore its connection context).
+
+Relevant code:
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-server/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/grpc/server/Session.java`
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-server/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/grpc/server/SessionManagerImpl.java`
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-server/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/grpc/server/action/resource/CallResourceAction.java`
+
+### 2) The driver enforces session-to-server affinity in multinode mode
+
+The driver keeps a `sessionUUID -> server` mapping and resolves routing through `affinityServer(sessionKey)`.  
+If a session is missing or bound server is unhealthy, the call fails rather than silently rerouting.
+
+Relevant code:
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-jdbc-driver/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/grpc/client/MultinodeConnectionManager.java`
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-jdbc-driver/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/grpc/client/SessionTracker.java`
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-jdbc-driver/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/grpc/client/MultinodeStatementService.java`
+
+### 3) Prepared statement UUID reuse assumes session continuity
+
+The JDBC driver stores the remote statement UUID (`statementUUID`) and sends it on subsequent calls.  
+That reuse path requires the same session context where the prepared statement was registered.
+
+Relevant code:
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-jdbc-driver/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/jdbc/PreparedStatement.java`
+- `/home/runner/work/ojp/ojp/ojp-jdbc-driver/src/main/java/org/openjproxy/jdbc/Statement.java`
+
+---
+
+## Performance Impact
+
+## Positive impact (when affinity is stable)
+
+- Lower repeated parse/prepare overhead on the database side.
+- Better latency consistency for repeated SQL patterns.
+- Better throughput for prepare-heavy workloads.
+
+## Neutral/negative impact (when affinity is weak)
+
+- Prepared statement reuse hit rate drops if workload is stateless and spread broadly.
+- More repeated prepare operations across sessions/servers.
+- Extra memory overhead for per-session prepared statement registries with little reuse benefit.
+
+---
+
+## Practical Conclusion for OJP
+
+- Prepared statement behavior is effectively **sticky to the session**, and session is sticky to one OJP node.
+- For PS-heavy workloads, preserving session affinity is important to realize gains.
+- If traffic pattern intentionally minimizes affinity, expected PS performance benefit is reduced.
+
+---
+
+## Confidence
+
+**High (90%)**  
+Reason: Findings are directly supported by current driver/server routing and session-management code paths listed above.  
+Remaining uncertainty is mostly workload-specific (reuse frequency, SQL mix, session lifetime), not architecture ambiguity.
+
diff --git a/documents/analysis/README.md b/documents/analysis/README.md
index 4cdaedf5b..7a2418ac5 100644
--- a/documents/analysis/README.md
+++ b/documents/analysis/README.md
@@ -4,6 +4,20 @@ This directory contains technical analysis documents for various OJP features an
 
 ## Latest Analysis (January 2026)
 
+### 🆕 Prepared Statement Affinity and Performance Impact
+
+**Question:** Are prepared statements effectively sticky to one OJP server/session, and what is the performance impact?
+
+**Quick Answer:** Yes, prepared statements are session/connection-bound; gains depend on session affinity quality.
+
+**Document:**
+- [PREPARED_STATEMENT_AFFINITY_ANALYSIS.md](./PREPARED_STATEMENT_AFFINITY_ANALYSIS.md)
+  - Confirms session/connection binding behavior
+  - Explains multinode stickiness implications
+  - Summarizes positive and negative performance outcomes by traffic pattern
+
+---
+
 ### 🆕 Agroal Connection Pool Evaluation
 
 **Question:** Should OJP replace Apache Commons Pool 2 with Agroal for XA connection pooling?
@@ -94,5 +108,5 @@ When adding new analysis documents:
 
 ---
 
-**Last Updated:** 2026-01-08  
+**Last Updated:** 2026-05-08  
 **Maintained By:** OJP Core Team