diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_and_publish_test_pypi.yml b/.github/workflows/build_and_publish_test_pypi.yml
index d4f847562..120d0f1a1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_and_publish_test_pypi.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_and_publish_test_pypi.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ permissions:
 env:
   AWS_ROLE: arn:aws:iam::213020545630:role/github-runner-role
   AWS_REGION: us-west-1
-  PYTHON_VERSIONS: "3.13 3.12 3.11 3.10"
+  PYTHON_VERSIONS: '["3.13", "3.12", "3.11", "3.10"]'
 
 defaults:
   run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_wheels_linux.yml b/.github/workflows/build_wheels_linux.yml
index 49309f74e..f70b5bbd1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_wheels_linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_wheels_linux.yml
@@ -84,9 +84,14 @@ jobs:
             ]
 
   build_wheels:
-    name: Build Python wheels
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
     needs: start-self-hosted-runner
     runs-on: ${{ needs.start-self-hosted-runner.outputs.label }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        python_version: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS) }}
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -122,20 +127,29 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install uv
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
 
-      - name: Build Python wheels
+      - name: Build Python wheel
         run: |
-          uv python install ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS }}
+          uv python install ${{ matrix.python_version }}
 
           cd ${{ github.workspace }}/oxen-python
 
-          for version in ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS }}; do
-            uvx --from 'maturin[patchelf]' maturin build --release --interpreter /root/.local/bin/python${version}
-          done
+          uvx --from 'maturin[patchelf]' maturin build --release -v \
+            --interpreter /root/.local/bin/python${{ matrix.python_version }} \
+            2>&1 | tee /tmp/build.log
+
+      - name: Verify liboxen cache reuse
+        if: strategy.job-index != 0
+        run: |
+          if grep -q "Compiling liboxen" /tmp/build.log; then
+            echo "::error::liboxen was recompiled! Rust cache reuse failed."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "liboxen correctly reused from cache."
 
       - name: Upload wheel artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: wheels-linux-${{ inputs.ARCHITECTURE }}
+          name: wheels-linux-${{ inputs.ARCHITECTURE }}-py${{ matrix.python_version }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}/oxen-python/target/wheels/*.whl
           retention-days: 1
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_wheels_macos.yml b/.github/workflows/build_wheels_macos.yml
index 02b6cb299..483c55e59 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_wheels_macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_wheels_macos.yml
@@ -25,8 +25,12 @@ defaults:
 
 jobs:
   build_wheels:
-    name: Build Python wheels
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
     runs-on: macos-15-xlarge
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python_version: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS) }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -52,21 +56,19 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build Python wheels
         run: |
-          uv python install ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS }}
+          uv python install ${{ matrix.python_version }}
 
           cd ${{ github.workspace }}/oxen-python
 
           rustup target add aarch64-apple-darwin
           rustup target add x86_64-apple-darwin
 
-          for version in ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS }}; do
-            uvx maturin build --release --interpreter /Users/runner/.local/bin/python${version} --target aarch64-apple-darwin
-            uvx maturin build --release --interpreter /Users/runner/.local/bin/python${version} --target x86_64-apple-darwin
-          done
+          uvx maturin build --release --interpreter /Users/runner/.local/bin/python${{ matrix.python_version }} --target aarch64-apple-darwin
+          uvx maturin build --release --interpreter /Users/runner/.local/bin/python${{ matrix.python_version }} --target x86_64-apple-darwin
 
       - name: Upload wheel artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: wheels-macos
+          name: wheels-macos-py${{ matrix.python_version }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}/oxen-python/target/wheels/*.whl
           retention-days: 1
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_wheels_windows.yml b/.github/workflows/build_wheels_windows.yml
index 9137ee81c..0a453ab43 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_wheels_windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_wheels_windows.yml
@@ -70,9 +70,14 @@ jobs:
             ]
 
   build_wheels:
-    name: Build Python wheels
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python_version }}
     needs: start-self-hosted-runner
     runs-on: ${{ needs.start-self-hosted-runner.outputs.label }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 1
+      matrix:
+        python_version: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS) }}
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: powershell
@@ -122,22 +127,19 @@ jobs:
           shared-key: "release-python"
           workspaces: "oxen-python -> target"
 
-      - name: Build Python wheels
+      - name: Build Python wheel
         run: |
           refreshenv
-          uv python install ${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS }}
+          uv python install ${{ matrix.python_version }}
 
           cd ${{ github.workspace }}\oxen-python
 
-          $versions = "${{ inputs.PYTHON_VERSIONS }}" -split ' '
-          foreach ($version in $versions) {
-              uvx maturin build --release --interpreter "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\uv\python\cpython-$version.*\python.exe"
-          }
+          uvx maturin build --release --interpreter "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\uv\python\cpython-${{ matrix.python_version }}.*\python.exe"
 
       - name: Upload wheel artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: wheels-windows-${{ inputs.ARCHITECTURE }}
+          name: wheels-windows-${{ inputs.ARCHITECTURE }}-py${{ matrix.python_version }}
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\oxen-python\target\wheels\*.whl
           retention-days: 1