diff --git a/server/games/humanitycards/bot.py b/server/games/humanitycards/bot.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5a0dd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/games/humanitycards/bot.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""Heuristic bot logic for Humanity Cards."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import random
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .game import HumanityCardsGame, HumanityCardsPlayer
+
+
+def bot_think(game: "HumanityCardsGame", player: "HumanityCardsPlayer") -> str | None:
+    if game.phase == "submitting":
+        return _think_submitting(game, player)
+    if game.phase == "judging":
+        return _think_judging(game, player)
+    return None
+
+
+def _think_submitting(game: "HumanityCardsGame", player: "HumanityCardsPlayer") -> str | None:
+    if game._is_judge(player) and not game._all_players_are_judges():
+        return None
+    if player.submitted_cards is not None:
+        return None
+
+    required = game.current_black_card["pick"] if game.current_black_card else 1
+
+    if len(player.selected_indices) < required:
+        available = [i for i in range(len(player.hand)) if i not in player.selected_indices]
+        if available:
+            return f"toggle_card_{random.choice(available)}"  # nosec B311
+
+    if len(player.selected_indices) == required:
+        return "submit_cards"
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _think_judging(game: "HumanityCardsGame", player: "HumanityCardsPlayer") -> str | None:
+    if not game._is_judge(player):
+        return None
+    if player.id in game.judge_picks:
+        return None
+    if not game.submission_order:
+        return None
+
+    valid_picks = list(range(len(game.submission_order)))
+    if game._all_players_are_judges():
+        valid_picks = [
+            i for i in valid_picks
+            if game.submission_order[i] < len(game.submissions)
+            and game.submissions[game.submission_order[i]]["player_id"] != player.id
+        ]
+
+    if not valid_picks:
+        return None
+
+    return f"judge_pick_{random.choice(valid_picks)}"  # nosec B311
diff --git a/server/games/humanitycards/game.py b/server/games/humanitycards/game.py
index d82a36ae..e1a9baef 100644
--- a/server/games/humanitycards/game.py
+++ b/server/games/humanitycards/game.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 from ..registry import register_game
 from ...game_utils.actions import Action, ActionSet, Visibility
 from ...game_utils.bot_helper import BotHelper
+from .bot import bot_think as _bot_think
 from ...game_utils.game_result import GameResult, PlayerResult
 from ...game_utils.options import (
     IntOption,
@@ -203,6 +204,22 @@ class HumanityCardsOptions(GameOptions):
             change_msg="hc-option-changed-num-judges",
         )
     )
+    judging_method: str = option_field(
+        MenuOption(
+            default="Independent",
+            choices=["Independent", "Jury", "Random"],
+            value_key="mode",
+            label="hc-set-judging-method",
+            prompt="hc-select-judging-method",
+            change_msg="hc-option-changed-judging-method",
+            choice_labels={
+                "Independent": "hc-judging-method-independent",
+                "Jury": "hc-judging-method-jury",
+                "Random": "hc-judging-method-random",
+            },
+            description="hc-desc-judging-method",
+        )
+    )
 
 
 # ==========================================================================
@@ -235,6 +252,8 @@ class HumanityCardsGame(Game):
     last_winner_index: int = -1  # For "Most Recent Winner" czar selection
     submissions: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)  # [{"player_id": str, "cards": [str]}]
     submission_order: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)  # Shuffled indices into submissions
+    judge_picks: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)  # judge_id → picked player_id
+    active_judging_method: str = ""  # resolved method this round (handles Random)
     round_end_ticks: int = 0  # Countdown ticks before next round starts
 
     @classmethod
@@ -386,12 +405,24 @@ def _get_non_judges(self) -> list[HumanityCardsPlayer]:
         judge_ids = {j.id for j in self._get_judges()}
         return [p for p in self.get_active_players() if p.id not in judge_ids]
 
+    def _all_players_are_judges(self) -> bool:
+        return len(self._get_judges()) >= len(self.get_active_players())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _format_names(locale: str, names: list[str]) -> str:
+        """Format a list of names using the recipient's locale rules."""
+        return Localization.format_list_and(locale, names)
+
+    def _get_submitters(self) -> list[HumanityCardsPlayer]:
+        """Players expected to submit this round (everyone when all are judges)."""
+        if self._all_players_are_judges():
+            return list(self.get_active_players())
+        return self._get_non_judges()
+
     def _select_judges(self) -> None:
         """Select judge(s) for the current round based on czar_selection option."""
         active = self.get_active_players()
-        num_judges = min(self.options.num_judges, len(active) - 1)  # At least 1 non-judge
-        if num_judges < 1:
-            num_judges = 1
+        num_judges = max(1, min(self.options.num_judges, len(active)))
 
         mode = self.options.czar_selection
 
@@ -522,25 +553,13 @@ def create_turn_action_set(self, player: HumanityCardsPlayer) -> ActionSet:
             )
         )
 
-        # View scores (always visible at bottom)
-        action_set.add(
-            Action(
-                id="view_scores",
-                label=Localization.get(locale, "hc-view-scores"),
-                handler="_action_view_scores",
-                is_enabled="_is_view_scores_enabled",
-                is_hidden="_is_view_scores_hidden",
-                show_in_actions_menu=True,
-            )
-        )
-
         # Whose judge (keybind-only, J key)
         action_set.add(
             Action(
                 id="whose_judge",
                 label=Localization.get(locale, "hc-whose-judge"),
                 handler="_action_whose_judge",
-                is_enabled="_is_view_scores_enabled",
+                is_enabled="_is_playing_enabled",
                 is_hidden="_is_whose_judge_hidden",
             )
         )
@@ -586,15 +605,6 @@ def setup_keybinds(self) -> None:
             state=KeybindState.ACTIVE,
         )
 
-        # S to view scores
-        self.define_keybind(
-            "s",
-            "View scores",
-            ["view_scores"],
-            state=KeybindState.ACTIVE,
-            include_spectators=True,
-        )
-
         # J to announce judges
         self.define_keybind(
             "j",
@@ -614,7 +624,7 @@ def _is_toggle_card_enabled(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> str | None:
         if player.is_spectator:
             return "action-spectator"
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return "action-spectator"
         if hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
             return "hc-already-submitted"
@@ -631,7 +641,7 @@ def _is_toggle_card_hidden(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> Visibility:
         if player.is_spectator:
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
         if hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
@@ -659,21 +669,18 @@ def _get_toggle_card_sound(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> str | None:
             return "game_humanitycards/cardselect.ogg"
         return None
 
-    def _is_submit_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | tuple[str, dict] | None:
+    def _is_submit_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | None:
         if self.status != "playing":
             return "action-not-playing"
         if player.is_spectator:
             return "action-spectator"
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return "action-spectator"
         if hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
             return "hc-already-submitted"
         if self.phase != "submitting":
             return "action-not-playing"
-        required = self.current_black_card["pick"] if self.current_black_card else 1
-        if len(hcp.selected_indices) != required:
-            return ("hc-wrong-card-count", {"count": required})
         return None
 
     def _is_submit_hidden(self, player: Player) -> Visibility:
@@ -682,7 +689,7 @@ def _is_submit_hidden(self, player: Player) -> Visibility:
         if player.is_spectator:
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
         if hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
@@ -712,9 +719,14 @@ def _is_judge_pick_enabled(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> str | None:
             return "action-spectator"
         if self.phase != "judging":
             return "action-not-playing"
+        if hcp.id in self.judge_picks:
+            return "action-already-done"
         idx = int(action_id.removeprefix("judge_pick_"))
         if idx >= len(self.submission_order):
             return "action-not-playing"
+        sub_idx = self.submission_order[idx]
+        if sub_idx < len(self.submissions) and self.submissions[sub_idx]["player_id"] == hcp.id:
+            return "action-not-playing"
         return None
 
     def _is_judge_pick_hidden(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> Visibility:
@@ -726,6 +738,9 @@ def _is_judge_pick_hidden(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> Visibility:
         idx = int(action_id.removeprefix("judge_pick_"))
         if idx >= len(self.submission_order):
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
+        sub_idx = self.submission_order[idx]
+        if sub_idx < len(self.submissions) and self.submissions[sub_idx]["player_id"] == hcp.id:
+            return Visibility.HIDDEN
         return Visibility.VISIBLE
 
     def _get_judge_pick_label(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> str:
@@ -778,36 +793,14 @@ def _get_submission_options(self, player: Player) -> list[str]:
         return options
 
     # ==========================================================================
-    # View scores callbacks
+    # Whose judge / whose turn overrides
     # ==========================================================================
 
-    def _is_view_scores_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | None:
+    def _is_playing_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | None:
         if self.status != "playing":
             return "action-not-playing"
         return None
 
-    def _is_view_scores_hidden(self, player: Player) -> Visibility:
-        if self.status != "playing":
-            return Visibility.HIDDEN
-        return Visibility.VISIBLE
-
-    def _action_view_scores(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
-        """View the current scores."""
-        user = self.get_user(player)
-        if not user:
-            return
-        sorted_players = sorted(
-            self.get_active_players(),
-            key=lambda p: p.score,  # type: ignore
-            reverse=True,
-        )
-        parts = [f"{p.name}: {p.score}" for p in sorted_players]  # type: ignore
-        user.speak(". ".join(parts) + ".")
-
-    # ==========================================================================
-    # Whose judge / whose turn overrides
-    # ==========================================================================
-
     def _is_whose_judge_hidden(self, player: Player) -> Visibility:
         # Keybind-only — always hidden from menu
         return Visibility.HIDDEN
@@ -818,30 +811,35 @@ def _action_whose_judge(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
         if not user:
             return
         judges = self._get_judges()
-        if len(judges) == 1:
-            user.speak_l("hc-judge-is", player=judges[0].name, count=1, others="")
-        elif judges:
-            others = ", ".join(j.name for j in judges[1:])
-            user.speak_l("hc-judge-is", player=judges[0].name, count=len(judges), others=others)
+        if judges:
+            names = self._format_names(user.locale, [j.name for j in judges])
+            user.speak_l("hc-judge-is", names=names, count=len(judges))
 
     def _action_whose_turn(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
-        """Override default whose_turn to show submission status."""
+        """Override default whose_turn to show submission/judging status."""
         user = self.get_user(player)
         if not user:
             return
 
-        judges = self._get_judges()
-        judge_names = ", ".join(j.name for j in judges)
-
         if self.phase == "submitting":
-            # List who hasn't submitted
-            waiting = [p.name for p in self._get_non_judges() if p.submitted_cards is None]
+            waiting = [p.name for p in self._get_submitters() if p.submitted_cards is None]
             if waiting:
-                user.speak_l("hc-waiting-for", names=", ".join(waiting))
+                user.speak_l("hc-waiting-for", names=self._format_names(user.locale, waiting))
             else:
-                user.speak_l("hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge", judge=judge_names)
+                judges = self._get_judges()
+                user.speak_l(
+                    "hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge",
+                    judge=self._format_names(user.locale, [j.name for j in judges]),
+                )
         elif self.phase == "judging":
-            user.speak_l("hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge", judge=judge_names)
+            pending = [j for j in self._get_judges() if j.id not in self.judge_picks]
+            if pending:
+                user.speak_l(
+                    "hc-waiting-for-judges",
+                    names=self._format_names(user.locale, [j.name for j in pending]),
+                )
+            else:
+                user.speak_l("game-no-turn")
         else:
             user.speak_l("game-no-turn")
 
@@ -863,7 +861,7 @@ def _is_view_submission_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | None:
         if self.status != "playing":
             return "action-not-playing"
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return "action-spectator"
         if self.phase != "submitting" and self.phase != "judging":
             return "action-not-playing"
@@ -878,7 +876,7 @@ def _is_view_submission_hidden(self, player: Player) -> Visibility:
         if self.phase not in ("submitting", "judging"):
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return Visibility.HIDDEN
         return Visibility.VISIBLE
 
@@ -899,7 +897,7 @@ def _toggle_card(self, player: Player, index: int) -> None:
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
         if self.phase != "submitting" or hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
             return
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return
         if index >= len(hcp.hand):
             return
@@ -1037,7 +1035,7 @@ def _action_submit_cards(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
         if self.phase != "submitting" or hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
             return
-        if self._is_judge(hcp):
+        if self._is_judge(hcp) and not self._all_players_are_judges():
             return
 
         required = self.current_black_card["pick"] if self.current_black_card else 1
@@ -1071,19 +1069,12 @@ def _action_submit_cards(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
         if user:
             user.speak_l("hc-submitted")
 
-        # Broadcast progress
-        non_judges = self._get_non_judges()
-        submitted_count = sum(1 for p in non_judges if p.submitted_cards is not None)
-        total = len(non_judges)
-        self.broadcast_l(
-            "hc-submission-progress",
-            submitted=submitted_count,
-            total=total,
-        )
-
         self.rebuild_all_menus()
 
         # Check if all have submitted
+        submitters = self._get_submitters()
+        submitted_count = sum(1 for p in submitters if p.submitted_cards is not None)
+        total = len(submitters)
         if submitted_count >= total:
             self._start_judging()
 
@@ -1094,82 +1085,127 @@ def _judge_pick(self, player: Player, pick_index: int) -> None:
         hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
         if not self._is_judge(hcp):
             return
+        if hcp.id in self.judge_picks:
+            return
         if pick_index >= len(self.submission_order):
             return
         actual_idx = self.submission_order[pick_index]
         if actual_idx >= len(self.submissions):
             return
 
-        winning_sub = self.submissions[actual_idx]
-        winner = self.get_player_by_id(winning_sub["player_id"])
-        if not winner:
-            return
-
-        hc_winner: HumanityCardsPlayer = winner  # type: ignore
-
-        # Award point
-        hc_winner.score += 1
-        active = self.get_active_players()
-        self.last_winner_index = next((i for i, p in enumerate(active) if p.id == winner.id), -1)
-
-        # Announce winner
-        winning_text = self._fill_in_blanks(
-            self.current_black_card["text"] if self.current_black_card else "",
-            winning_sub["cards"],
-        )
+        picked_player_id = self.submissions[actual_idx]["player_id"]
+        if picked_player_id == hcp.id:
+            return  # Cannot vote for own submission
+        self.judge_picks[hcp.id] = picked_player_id
 
-        # Play judge choice sound
-        self.play_sound(
-            f"game_humanitycards/judgechoice{random.randint(1, 3)}.ogg"  # nosec B311
-        )
-
-        self.broadcast_l(
-            "hc-winner-announcement",
-            player=winner.name,
-            score=hc_winner.score,
-        )
+        judges = self._get_judges()
+        judges_still_pending = [j for j in judges if j.id not in self.judge_picks]
 
-        # Announce winner's submission first
-        self.broadcast_l(
-            "hc-submission-reveal",
-            player=winner.name,
-            text=winning_text,
-        )
+        if judges_still_pending:
+            self.play_sound(f"game_humanitycards/judgechoice{random.randint(1, 3)}.ogg")  # nosec B311
+            self.rebuild_all_menus()
+            return
 
-        # Then announce other submissions
-        self.broadcast_l("hc-all-submissions")
-        for sub in self.submissions:
-            if sub["player_id"] == winner.id:
+        # All judges have voted — resolve
+        self._resolve_judging()
+
+    def _submission_order_pos(self, player_id: str) -> int:
+        for pos, sub_idx in enumerate(self.submission_order):
+            if sub_idx < len(self.submissions) and self.submissions[sub_idx]["player_id"] == player_id:
+                return pos
+        return len(self.submission_order)
+
+    def _announce_and_score_winners(self, scored: list[tuple[str, int]]) -> None:
+        """Announce each winner in order (highest points first), award scores."""
+        self.play_sound(f"game_humanitycards/judgechoice{random.randint(1, 3)}.ogg")  # nosec B311
+        for player_id, points in scored:
+            player = self.get_player_by_id(player_id)
+            if not player:
                 continue
+            hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
+            hcp.score += points
+            self._team_manager.add_to_team_score(player.name, points)
+            sub = next((s for s in self.submissions if s["player_id"] == player_id), None)
+            text = self._fill_in_blanks(
+                self.current_black_card["text"] if self.current_black_card else "",
+                sub["cards"] if sub else [],
+            ).rstrip(".")
+            self.broadcast_l("hc-winner-announcement", player=player.name, points=points, text=text)
+
+    def _announce_losing_submissions(self, winner_ids: set[str]) -> None:
+        losers = [s for s in self.submissions if s["player_id"] not in winner_ids]
+        if not losers:
+            return
+        self.broadcast_l("hc-all-submissions")
+        for sub in losers:
             sub_player = self.get_player_by_id(sub["player_id"])
             if sub_player:
                 filled = self._fill_in_blanks(
                     self.current_black_card["text"] if self.current_black_card else "",
                     sub["cards"],
                 )
-                self.broadcast_l(
-                    "hc-submission-reveal",
-                    player=sub_player.name,
-                    text=filled,
-                )
+                self.broadcast_l("hc-submission-reveal", player=sub_player.name, text=filled)
 
-        # Play draw card sound as players receive new cards
+    def _finish_round(self, primary_winner_id: str) -> None:
+        active = self.get_active_players()
+        self.last_winner_index = next(
+            (i for i, p in enumerate(active) if p.id == primary_winner_id), -1
+        )
         self.play_sound(f"game_cards/draw{random.randint(1, 4)}.ogg")  # nosec B311
+        # Primary winner checked first; with independent multiple scorers, pick highest
+        game_winner = self.get_player_by_id(primary_winner_id)
+        if not game_winner or game_winner.score < self.options.winning_score:  # type: ignore
+            game_winner = next(
+                (p for p in active if p.score >= self.options.winning_score),  # type: ignore
+                None,
+            )
+        if game_winner and game_winner.score >= self.options.winning_score:  # type: ignore
+            self._end_game(game_winner)  # type: ignore
+            return
+        self.phase = "round_end"
+        self.round_end_ticks = 100
+        if self.current_black_card:
+            self.black_discard.append(self.current_black_card)
+            self.current_black_card = None
+        self.rebuild_all_menus()
 
-        # Check win condition
-        if hc_winner.score >= self.options.winning_score:
-            self._end_game(hc_winner)
+    def _resolve_judging(self) -> None:
+        if self.active_judging_method == "Independent":
+            self._resolve_independent()
         else:
-            # Transition to round_end with delay before next round
-            self.phase = "round_end"
-            self.round_end_ticks = 100  # ~5 seconds at 20 ticks/sec
-
-            # Discard current black card
-            if self.current_black_card:
-                self.black_discard.append(self.current_black_card)
-                self.current_black_card = None
-
-            self.rebuild_all_menus()
+            self._resolve_jury()
+
+    def _resolve_independent(self) -> None:
+        """Each judge's vote awards 1 point. All vote-getters score."""
+        vote_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+        for voted_id in self.judge_picks.values():
+            vote_counts[voted_id] = vote_counts.get(voted_id, 0) + 1
+        if not vote_counts:
+            return
+        # Sort: most votes first, tiebreak by submission_order position
+        scored = sorted(
+            vote_counts.items(),
+            key=lambda x: (-x[1], self._submission_order_pos(x[0])),
+        )
+        self._announce_and_score_winners(scored)
+        self._announce_losing_submissions({pid for pid, _ in scored})
+        self._finish_round(scored[0][0])
+
+    def _resolve_jury(self) -> None:
+        """Majority wins. Tied winners each get 1 point."""
+        vote_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+        for voted_id in self.judge_picks.values():
+            vote_counts[voted_id] = vote_counts.get(voted_id, 0) + 1
+        if not vote_counts:
+            return
+        max_votes = max(vote_counts.values())
+        tied = [pid for pid, v in vote_counts.items() if v == max_votes]
+        # Sort tied winners by submission_order for consistent announcement order
+        tied.sort(key=self._submission_order_pos)
+        scored = [(pid, 1) for pid in tied]
+        self._announce_and_score_winners(scored)
+        self._announce_losing_submissions(set(tied))
+        self._finish_round(tied[0])
 
     def _action_view_black_card(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
         """View the current black card prompt."""
@@ -1197,47 +1233,6 @@ def _action_view_submission(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
         else:
             user.speak_l("hc-select-cards-first")
 
-    # ==========================================================================
-    # Score overrides
-    # ==========================================================================
-
-    def _is_check_scores_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | None:
-        if self.status != "playing":
-            return "action-not-playing"
-        return None
-
-    def _is_check_scores_detailed_enabled(self, player: Player) -> str | None:
-        if self.status != "playing":
-            return "action-not-playing"
-        return None
-
-    def _action_check_scores(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
-        user = self.get_user(player)
-        if not user:
-            return
-        sorted_players = sorted(
-            self.get_active_players(),
-            key=lambda p: p.score,  # type: ignore
-            reverse=True,
-        )
-        parts = [f"{p.name}: {p.score}" for p in sorted_players]  # type: ignore
-        user.speak(". ".join(parts) + ".")
-
-    def _action_check_scores_detailed(self, player: Player, action_id: str) -> None:
-        user = self.get_user(player)
-        if not user:
-            return
-        sorted_players = sorted(
-            self.get_active_players(),
-            key=lambda p: p.score,  # type: ignore
-            reverse=True,
-        )
-        lines = [
-            f"{p.name}: {p.score} points"  # type: ignore
-            for p in sorted_players
-        ]
-        self.status_box(player, lines)
-
     # ==========================================================================
     # Game lifecycle
     # ==========================================================================
@@ -1255,6 +1250,10 @@ def on_start(self) -> None:
 
         active_players = self.get_active_players()
 
+        # Set up individual teams for score tracking (S / Shift+S)
+        self._team_manager.team_mode = "individual"
+        self._team_manager.setup_teams([p.name for p in active_players])
+
         # Check we have enough cards
         total_whites_needed = len(active_players) * self.options.hand_size
         if len(self.white_deck) < total_whites_needed:
@@ -1316,13 +1315,32 @@ def _start_round(self) -> None:
         # Announce round
         self.broadcast_l("hc-round-start", round=self.round)
 
-        # Announce judge(s)
+        # Announce judge(s) — skip in all-judge mode (everyone knows)
         judges = self._get_judges()
-        if len(judges) == 1:
-            self.broadcast_l("hc-judge-is", player=judges[0].name, count=1, others="")
-        else:
-            others = ", ".join(j.name for j in judges[1:])
-            self.broadcast_l("hc-judge-is", player=judges[0].name, count=len(judges), others=others)
+        if not self._all_players_are_judges():
+            judge_names = [j.name for j in judges]
+            for player in self.players:
+                user = self.get_user(player)
+                locale = user.locale if user else "en"
+                localized = Localization.get(
+                    locale,
+                    "hc-judge-is",
+                    names=self._format_names(locale, judge_names),
+                    count=len(judges),
+                )
+                if hasattr(self, "record_transcript_event"):
+                    self.record_transcript_event(player, localized, "table")
+                if user:
+                    user.speak_l(
+                        "hc-judge-is",
+                        "table",
+                        names=self._format_names(locale, judge_names),
+                        count=len(judges),
+                    )
+            for judge in judges:
+                user = self.get_user(judge)
+                if user:
+                    user.speak_l("hc-you-are-judge")
 
         # Announce black card
         black_text = self._speech_friendly_black(self.current_black_card["text"])
@@ -1330,15 +1348,15 @@ def _start_round(self) -> None:
         if pick_count > 1:
             self.broadcast_l("hc-black-card-pick", count=pick_count)
 
-        # Tell non-judges to select cards
-        for p in self._get_non_judges():
+        # Tell submitters to select cards
+        for p in self._get_submitters():
             user = self.get_user(p)
             if user:
                 user.speak_l("hc-select-cards", count=pick_count)
 
         # Jolt bots
         for p in active_players:
-            if p.is_bot and not self._is_judge(p):
+            if p.is_bot and (not self._is_judge(p) or self._all_players_are_judges()):
                 BotHelper.jolt_bot(p, ticks=random.randint(20, 40))  # nosec B311
 
         self.rebuild_all_menus()
@@ -1349,7 +1367,7 @@ def _start_judging(self) -> None:
 
         # Collect submissions
         self.submissions = []
-        for p in self._get_non_judges():
+        for p in self._get_submitters():
             if p.submitted_cards is not None:
                 self.submissions.append(
                     {
@@ -1362,6 +1380,13 @@ def _start_judging(self) -> None:
         self.submission_order = list(range(len(self.submissions)))
         random.shuffle(self.submission_order)  # nosec B311
 
+        self.judge_picks = {}
+        method = self.options.judging_method
+        if len(self._get_judges()) <= 1:
+            method = "Independent"  # enforce per spec
+        elif method == "Random":
+            method = random.choice(["Independent", "Jury"])  # nosec B311
+        self.active_judging_method = method
         self.play_sound("game_humanitycards/judging.ogg")
         self.broadcast_l("hc-judging-start")
 
@@ -1388,24 +1413,7 @@ def _end_game(self, winner: HumanityCardsPlayer) -> None:
     # ==========================================================================
 
     def bot_think(self, player: HumanityCardsPlayer) -> str | None:
-        """Bot AI decision making."""
-        if self.phase == "submitting" and not self._is_judge(player):
-            if player.submitted_cards is not None:
-                return None
-            required = self.current_black_card["pick"] if self.current_black_card else 1
-
-            # Select random cards if not enough selected
-            if len(player.selected_indices) < required:
-                available = [i for i in range(len(player.hand)) if i not in player.selected_indices]
-                if available:
-                    pick = random.choice(available)  # nosec B311
-                    return f"toggle_card_{pick}"
-
-            # Submit when we have enough
-            if len(player.selected_indices) == required:
-                return "submit_cards"
-
-        return None
+        return _bot_think(self, player)
 
     def on_tick(self) -> None:
         """Called every tick."""
@@ -1428,14 +1436,10 @@ def on_tick(self) -> None:
             self._process_judging_bots()
 
     def _process_submission_bots(self) -> None:
-        """Process all bot actions during submission phase."""
         for player in self.players:
             if not player.is_bot or player.is_spectator:
                 continue
             hcp: HumanityCardsPlayer = player  # type: ignore
-            if self._is_judge(hcp) or hcp.submitted_cards is not None:
-                continue
-
             BotHelper.process_bot_action(
                 player,
                 think_fn=lambda p=hcp: self.bot_think(p),
@@ -1443,25 +1447,14 @@ def _process_submission_bots(self) -> None:
             )
 
     def _process_judging_bots(self) -> None:
-        """Process judge bot actions during judging phase."""
         for judge in self._get_judges():
             if not judge.is_bot:
                 continue
-
-            if judge.bot_think_ticks > 0:
-                judge.bot_think_ticks -= 1
-                continue
-
-            if judge.bot_pending_action:
-                action_id = judge.bot_pending_action
-                judge.bot_pending_action = None
-                self.execute_action(judge, action_id)
-                continue
-
-            # Bot judge picks a random submission
-            if self.submission_order:
-                pick = random.randint(0, len(self.submission_order) - 1)  # nosec B311
-                judge.bot_pending_action = f"judge_pick_{pick}"
+            BotHelper.process_bot_action(
+                judge,
+                think_fn=lambda j=judge: self.bot_think(j),
+                execute_fn=lambda action_id, j=judge: self.execute_action(j, action_id),
+            )
 
     # ==========================================================================
     # Game result
diff --git a/server/locales/ar/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/ar/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..3d464068 100644
--- a/server/locales/ar/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/ar/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } هو قيصر البطاقات.
+   *[other] { $names } هم قياصرة البطاقات.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = يحصل { $player } على { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] نقطة
+   *[other] نقاط
+} عن { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = بانتظار { $names } لتقديم الإجابة.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = قدّم جميع اللاعبين إجاباتهم. بانتظار { $judge } للحكم.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = بانتظار { $names } ليحكموا.
diff --git a/server/locales/cs/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/cs/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..080be5b3 100644
--- a/server/locales/cs/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/cs/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } je karetní car.
+   *[other] { $names } jsou karetní caři.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } získává { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] bod
+   *[other] body
+} za { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Čeká se na { $names }, až odevzdají karty.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Všichni hráči odevzdali karty. Čeká se na rozhodnutí od { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Čeká se na rozhodnutí od { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/de/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/de/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..b2352b0e 100644
--- a/server/locales/de/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/de/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } ist der Kartenzar.
+   *[other] { $names } sind die Kartenzare.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } erhält { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] Punkt
+   *[other] Punkte
+} für { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Es wird auf { $names } gewartet, bis die Karten eingereicht werden.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Alle Spieler haben ihre Karten eingereicht. Es wird auf die Entscheidung von { $judge } gewartet.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Es wird auf die Entscheidung von { $names } gewartet.
diff --git a/server/locales/en/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/en/humanitycards.ftl
index aa8aa537..b943a8e9 100644
--- a/server/locales/en/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/en/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ hc-set-card-packs = Card packs ({ $count } of { $total } selected)
 hc-desc-card-packs = Which card packs to use
 hc-option-changed-card-packs = Card pack selection changed.
 
+hc-set-judging-method = Judging method: { $mode }
+hc-select-judging-method = Select judging method
+hc-desc-judging-method = How winning submissions are chosen. Independent: each judge picks a winner, one point per vote. Jury: majority wins; ties award all tied players one point. Random: method chosen randomly each round.
+hc-option-changed-judging-method = Judging method set to { $mode }.
+hc-judging-method-independent = Independent
+hc-judging-method-jury = Jury
+hc-judging-method-random = Random
+
 hc-set-czar-selection = Card Czar selection: { $mode }
 hc-select-czar-selection = Select Card Czar selection mode
 hc-option-changed-czar-selection = Card Czar selection set to { $mode }.
@@ -33,13 +41,15 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } is the Card Czar.
+   *[other] { $names } are the Card Czars.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Waiting for { $names } to judge.
+
 # Black card
 hc-black-card = The prompt is: { $text }
 hc-black-card-pick = Pick { $count }.
@@ -56,7 +66,6 @@ hc-submit-cards = Submit ({ $selected } of { $required } selected)
 hc-submitted = You submitted your cards.
 hc-player-submitted = { $player } submitted.
 hc-submission-progress = { $submitted } of { $total } players submitted.
-hc-waiting-for-submissions = Waiting for submissions...
 hc-already-submitted = You already submitted your cards.
 hc-wrong-card-count = You need to select exactly { $count } { $count ->
     [one] card
@@ -65,12 +74,15 @@ hc-wrong-card-count = You need to select exactly { $count } { $count ->
 
 # Judging phase
 hc-judging-start = All cards are in! Time to judge.
+hc-judge-voted = { $player } has made their choice.
 hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
-hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } gets { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] point
+   *[other] points
+} for { $text }.
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
     [one] point
@@ -99,9 +111,6 @@ hc-not-enough-cards = Not enough cards. Try enabling more packs.
 hc-view-hand = View hand
 
 # Scores
-hc-view-scores = View scores
-hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
-
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
 hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
diff --git a/server/locales/es/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/es/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..64afb587 100644
--- a/server/locales/es/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/es/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } es el zar de las cartas.
+   *[other] { $names } son los zares de las cartas.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } obtiene { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] punto
+   *[other] puntos
+} por { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Esperando a { $names } para enviar sus cartas.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Todos los jugadores han enviado sus cartas. Esperando a { $judge } para juzgar.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Esperando a { $names } para juzgar.
diff --git a/server/locales/fa/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/fa/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..84e822dd 100644
--- a/server/locales/fa/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/fa/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } تزار کارت است.
+   *[other] { $names } تزارهای کارت هستند.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } برای { $text }، { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] امتیاز
+   *[other] امتیاز
+} می‌گیرد.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = در انتظار { $names } برای ارسال پاسخ.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = همه بازیکنان پاسخ خود را فرستاده‌اند. در انتظار داوری { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = در انتظار { $names } برای داوری.
diff --git a/server/locales/fr/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/fr/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..46d17f98 100644
--- a/server/locales/fr/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/fr/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } est le tsar des cartes.
+   *[other] { $names } sont les tsars des cartes.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } obtient { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] point
+   *[other] points
+} pour { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = En attente de la soumission de { $names }.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Tous les joueurs ont soumis leurs cartes. En attente du jugement de { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = En attente du jugement de { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/hi/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/hi/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..3803d409 100644
--- a/server/locales/hi/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/hi/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } कार्ड ज़ार है।
+   *[other] { $names } कार्ड ज़ार हैं।
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } को { $text } के लिए { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] अंक
+   *[other] अंक
+} मिलते हैं।
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = { $names } के जमा करने का इंतज़ार है।
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = सभी खिलाड़ियों ने अपने जवाब जमा कर दिए हैं। { $judge } के निर्णय का इंतज़ार है।
+hc-waiting-for-judges = { $names } के निर्णय का इंतज़ार है।
diff --git a/server/locales/hr/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/hr/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..a6a3f400 100644
--- a/server/locales/hr/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/hr/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } je car karata.
+   *[other] { $names } su carevi karata.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } dobiva { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] bod
+   *[other] bodova
+} za { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Čeka se da { $names } predaju karte.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Svi igrači su predali karte. Čeka se da { $judge } presudi.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Čeka se da { $names } presude.
diff --git a/server/locales/hu/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/hu/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..c5aba35d 100644
--- a/server/locales/hu/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/hu/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } a kártyacár.
+   *[other] { $names } a kártyacárok.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] pontot
+   *[other] pontot
+} kap ezért: { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Várakozás erre: { $names }, hogy beküldjék a lapjaikat.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Minden játékos beküldte a lapjait. Várakozás erre: { $judge }, hogy bíráljon.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Várakozás erre: { $names }, hogy bíráljanak.
diff --git a/server/locales/id/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/id/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..9c82110c 100644
--- a/server/locales/id/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/id/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } adalah Card Czar.
+   *[other] { $names } adalah para Card Czar.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } mendapat { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] poin
+   *[other] poin
+} untuk { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Menunggu { $names } mengirimkan kartu.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Semua pemain sudah mengirimkan kartu. Menunggu { $judge } untuk menilai.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Menunggu { $names } untuk menilai.
diff --git a/server/locales/it/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/it/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..c886b053 100644
--- a/server/locales/it/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/it/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } è lo zar delle carte.
+   *[other] { $names } sono gli zar delle carte.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } ottiene { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] punto
+   *[other] punti
+} per { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = In attesa che { $names } inviino le carte.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Tutti i giocatori hanno inviato le carte. In attesa del giudizio di { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = In attesa del giudizio di { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/ja/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/ja/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..df026bae 100644
--- a/server/locales/ja/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/ja/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } がカードツァーです。
+   *[other] { $names } がカードツァーです。
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } は { $text } で { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] 点
+   *[other] 点
+} を獲得します。
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = { $names } の提出を待っています。
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = 全員が提出しました。{ $judge } の判定を待っています。
+hc-waiting-for-judges = { $names } の判定を待っています。
diff --git a/server/locales/ko/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/ko/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..61a6e74a 100644
--- a/server/locales/ko/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/ko/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } 님이 카드 차르입니다.
+   *[other] { $names } 님이 카드 차르들입니다.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } 님이 { $text }(으)로 { $points } { $points ->
+    [one]점
+   *[other]점
+}을 얻었습니다.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = { $names } 님의 제출을 기다리는 중입니다.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = 모든 플레이어가 제출했습니다. { $judge } 님의 심사를 기다리는 중입니다.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = { $names } 님의 심사를 기다리는 중입니다.
diff --git a/server/locales/mn/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/mn/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..8aaa7754 100644
--- a/server/locales/mn/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/mn/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } бол картын хаан.
+   *[other] { $names } бол картын хаад.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } { $text }-д { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] оноо
+   *[other] оноо
+} авлаа.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = { $names } илгээхийг хүлээж байна.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Бүх тоглогч хариугаа илгээсэн. { $judge } шүүхийг хүлээж байна.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = { $names } шүүхийг хүлээж байна.
diff --git a/server/locales/nl/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/nl/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..dbab0462 100644
--- a/server/locales/nl/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/nl/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } is de kaarttsaar.
+   *[other] { $names } zijn de kaarttsaren.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } krijgt { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] punt
+   *[other] punten
+} voor { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Wachten op { $names } om in te dienen.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Alle spelers hebben ingezonden. Wachten op het oordeel van { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Wachten op het oordeel van { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/pl/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/pl/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..1bc9bbf7 100644
--- a/server/locales/pl/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/pl/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } jest carem kart.
+   *[other] { $names } są carami kart.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } zdobywa { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] punkt
+   *[other] punkty
+} za { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Oczekiwanie na ruch od { $names }.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Wszyscy gracze już zagrali. Oczekiwanie na ocenę od { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Oczekiwanie na ocenę od { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/pt/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/pt/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..e2c4f4b4 100644
--- a/server/locales/pt/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/pt/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } é o czar das cartas.
+   *[other] { $names } são os czares das cartas.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } recebe { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] ponto
+   *[other] pontos
+} por { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Aguardando { $names } enviarem as cartas.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Todos os jogadores enviaram suas cartas. Aguardando o julgamento de { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Aguardando o julgamento de { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/ro/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/ro/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..c6445fce 100644
--- a/server/locales/ro/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/ro/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } este țarul cărților.
+   *[other] { $names } sunt țarii cărților.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } primește { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] punct
+   *[other] puncte
+} pentru { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Se așteaptă ca { $names } să trimită cărțile.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Toți jucătorii au trimis cărțile. Se așteaptă verdictul lui { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Se așteaptă verdictul lui { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/ru/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/ru/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..9833db1c 100644
--- a/server/locales/ru/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/ru/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } — карточный царь.
+   *[other] { $names } — карточные цари.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } получает { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] очко
+   *[other] очков
+} за { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Ожидание, пока { $names } сдадут карты.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Все игроки уже сдали карты. Ожидание решения от { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Ожидание решения от { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/sk/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/sk/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..e6b0b707 100644
--- a/server/locales/sk/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/sk/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } je kartový cár.
+   *[other] { $names } sú kartoví cári.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } získava { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] bod
+   *[other] body
+} za { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Čaká sa na { $names }, kým odovzdajú karty.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Všetci hráči už odovzdali karty. Čaká sa na rozhodnutie od { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Čaká sa na rozhodnutie od { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/sl/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/sl/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..f2a38999 100644
--- a/server/locales/sl/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/sl/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } je car kart.
+   *[other] { $names } so carji kart.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } dobi { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] točko
+   *[other] točke
+} za { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Čaka se na { $names }, da oddajo karte.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Vsi igralci so oddali karte. Čaka se na odločitev od { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Čaka se na odločitev od { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/sr/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/sr/humanitycards.ftl
index 420a7bcf..42e29032 100644
--- a/server/locales/sr/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/sr/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Deljenje { $count } karata svakom igraču.
 hc-round-start = Runda { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] je sudija
-   *[other] i { $others } su sudije
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } je sudija.
+   *[other] { $names } su sudije.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = Vi ste sudija u ovoj rundi.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = Niste sudija u ovoj rundi.
 
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Izaberite pobednički predlog
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } dobija rundu! Rezultat: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } dobija { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] poen
+   *[other] poena
+} za { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Pobednički odgovor: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Rezultat nakon runde { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -103,5 +106,6 @@ hc-no-scores = Još uvek nema rezultata.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Ko je sudija
-hc-waiting-for = Čeka se da { $names } igraju.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Svi igrači su poslali svoje predloge. Čeka se da { $judge } sudi.
+hc-waiting-for = Čeka se da { $names } odigraju.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Svi igrači su poslali svoje predloge. Čeka se da { $judge } presudi.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Čeka se da { $names } presude.
diff --git a/server/locales/sv/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/sv/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..b8d651ca 100644
--- a/server/locales/sv/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/sv/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } är korttsaren.
+   *[other] { $names } är korttsarerna.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } får { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] poäng
+   *[other] poäng
+} för { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Väntar på att { $names } ska lämna in.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Alla spelare har lämnat in. Väntar på att { $judge } ska döma.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Väntar på att { $names } ska döma.
diff --git a/server/locales/th/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/th/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..34c63e48 100644
--- a/server/locales/th/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/th/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } คือซาร์ไพ่
+   *[other] { $names } คือซาร์ไพ่
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } ได้ { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] คะแนน
+   *[other] คะแนน
+} จาก { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = กำลังรอ { $names } ส่งคำตอบ
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = ผู้เล่นทุกคนส่งคำตอบแล้ว กำลังรอ { $judge } ตัดสิน
+hc-waiting-for-judges = กำลังรอ { $names } ตัดสิน
diff --git a/server/locales/tr/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/tr/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..661a9e8c 100644
--- a/server/locales/tr/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/tr/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } kart çarıdır.
+   *[other] { $names } kart çarlarıdır.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player }, { $text } için { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] puan
+   *[other] puan
+} alır.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = { $names } gönderene kadar bekleniyor.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Tüm oyuncular kartlarını gönderdi. { $judge } karar verene kadar bekleniyor.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = { $names } karar verene kadar bekleniyor.
diff --git a/server/locales/uk/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/uk/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..e8d111f3 100644
--- a/server/locales/uk/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/uk/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } — картковий цар.
+   *[other] { $names } — карткові царі.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } отримує { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] очко
+   *[other] очок
+} за { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Очікування, поки { $names } подадуть карти.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Усі гравці вже подали карти. Очікування рішення від { $judge }.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Очікування рішення від { $names }.
diff --git a/server/locales/vi/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/vi/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..336a01bf 100644
--- a/server/locales/vi/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/vi/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } là Sa hoàng thẻ bài.
+   *[other] { $names } là các Sa hoàng thẻ bài.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } nhận được { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] điểm
+   *[other] điểm
+} cho { $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Đang chờ { $names } nộp bài.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Tất cả người chơi đã nộp bài. Đang chờ { $judge } chấm.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Đang chờ { $names } chấm.
diff --git a/server/locales/zh/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/zh/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..756715c2 100644
--- a/server/locales/zh/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/zh/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } 是本轮判官。
+   *[other] { $names } 是本轮判官。
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } 凭借 { $text } 获得 { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] 分
+   *[other] 分
+}。
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = 正在等待 { $names } 提交答案。
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = 所有玩家都已提交答案。正在等待 { $judge } 评判。
+hc-waiting-for-judges = 正在等待 { $names } 评判。
diff --git a/server/locales/zu/humanitycards.ftl b/server/locales/zu/humanitycards.ftl
index 56a75520..009af276 100644
--- a/server/locales/zu/humanitycards.ftl
+++ b/server/locales/zu/humanitycards.ftl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ hc-dealing-cards = Dealing { $count } cards to each player.
 hc-round-start = Round { $round }.
 
 # Judge announcement
-hc-judge-is = { $player } { $count ->
-    [one] is the Card Czar
-   *[other] and { $others } are the Card Czars
-}.
+hc-judge-is = { $count ->
+    [one] { $names } uyinkosi yamakhadi.
+   *[other] { $names } bayizinkosi zamakhadi.
+}
 hc-you-are-judge = You are the Card Czar this round.
 hc-you-are-not-judge = You are not the Card Czar this round.
 
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@ hc-select-winner-prompt = Select the winning submission
 hc-submission-option = { $text }
 
 # Results
-hc-winner-announcement = { $player } wins the round! Score: { $score }.
+hc-winner-announcement = { $player } uthola { $points } { $points ->
+    [one] iphuzu
+   *[other] amaphuzu
+} ngo-{ $text }.
 hc-winner-card = Winning answer: { $text }
 hc-round-scores = Scores after round { $round }:
 hc-score-line = { $player }: { $score } { $score ->
@@ -101,5 +104,6 @@ hc-no-scores = No scores yet.
 
 # Whose turn / whose judge
 hc-whose-judge = Who is judging
-hc-waiting-for = Waiting for { $names } to submit.
-hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = All players have submitted. Waiting for { $judge } to judge.
+hc-waiting-for = Kulindwe { $names } ukuthi bathumele.
+hc-all-submitted-waiting-judge = Bonke abadlali sebethumele. Kulindwe { $judge } ukuthi ahlulele.
+hc-waiting-for-judges = Kulindwe { $names } ukuthi bahlulele.
diff --git a/server/tests/test_humanitycards.py b/server/tests/test_humanitycards.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed22efcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/tests/test_humanitycards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+"""Tests for Humanity Cards (Cards Against Humanity) game."""
+
+from server.core.users.bot import Bot
+from server.core.users.test_user import MockUser
+from server.game_utils.actions import Visibility
+from server.games.humanitycards.game import HumanityCardsGame, HumanityCardsOptions
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Helpers
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def _make_white(count: int, start: int = 0) -> list[dict]:
+    return [{"text": f"White card {i}", "pack": "Test", "id": i} for i in range(start, start + count)]
+
+
+def _make_black(text: str = "Why is _ so funny?", pick: int = 1) -> dict:
+    return {"text": text, "pick": pick, "pack": "Test"}
+
+
+def _inject_decks(game: HumanityCardsGame, white_count: int = 200, black_count: int = 50) -> None:
+    game.white_deck = _make_white(white_count)
+    game.black_deck = [_make_black(f"Question {i} _") for i in range(black_count)]
+    game.white_discard = []
+    game.black_discard = []
+
+
+def _setup_game(
+    num_players: int = 3,
+    options: HumanityCardsOptions | None = None,
+) -> tuple[HumanityCardsGame, list[MockUser]]:
+    opts = options or HumanityCardsOptions()
+    game = HumanityCardsGame(options=opts)
+    game._build_decks = lambda: _inject_decks(game)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    users = []
+    for i in range(num_players):
+        name = f"Player{i}"
+        user = MockUser(name)
+        game.add_player(name, user)
+        users.append(user)
+    game.on_start()
+    return game, users
+
+
+def _get_to_judging(num_players: int = 3, options: HumanityCardsOptions | None = None):
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=num_players, options=options)
+    for p in game._get_submitters():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    assert game.phase == "judging"
+    return game, users
+
+
+def _setup_multi_judge(num_judges: int = 2, num_players: int = 4, judging_method: str = "Independent"):
+    return _get_to_judging(
+        num_players=num_players,
+        options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=num_judges, judging_method=judging_method),
+    )
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Metadata
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_game_metadata():
+    game = HumanityCardsGame()
+    assert game.get_name() == "Cards Against Humanity"
+    assert game.get_type() == "humanitycards"
+    assert game.get_min_players() == 3
+    assert game.get_max_players() >= 6
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Startup
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_game_starts_in_submitting_phase():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    assert game.phase == "submitting"
+    assert game.status == "playing"
+    assert game.round == 1
+
+
+def test_players_dealt_hands_on_start():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(num_players=3)
+    for p in game.get_active_players():
+        assert len(p.hand) == game.options.hand_size  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_player_scores_zero_on_start():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    for p in game.get_active_players():
+        assert p.score == 0  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_black_card_dealt_on_start():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    assert game.current_black_card is not None
+    assert "text" in game.current_black_card
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Judge selection
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_one_judge_on_start():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    assert len(game._get_judges()) == 1
+
+
+def test_rotating_judge_advances_each_round():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(num_players=4)
+    first_id = game._get_judges()[0].id
+    game._start_round()
+    assert game._get_judges()[0].id != first_id
+
+
+def test_judge_count_capped_at_active_player_count():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(num_players=3, options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=5))
+    assert len(game._get_judges()) == len(game.get_active_players())
+
+
+def test_random_judge_selection_picks_valid_player():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(options=HumanityCardsOptions(czar_selection="Random"))
+    active_ids = {p.id for p in game.get_active_players()}
+    for j in game._get_judges():
+        assert j.id in active_ids
+
+
+def test_winner_judge_selection_uses_last_winner():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(
+        num_players=4, options=HumanityCardsOptions(czar_selection="Most Recent Winner")
+    )
+    active = game.get_active_players()
+    game.last_winner_index = 2
+    game._start_round()
+    assert game._get_judges()[0].id == active[2].id
+
+
+def test_judge_personal_announcement_spoken():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=3)
+    judge = game._get_judges()[0]
+    judge_user = next(u for u in users if u.username == judge.name)
+    assert any("Card Czar" in m for m in judge_user.get_spoken_messages())
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Utility
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_fill_in_blanks():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    assert game._fill_in_blanks("I love _.", ["cats"]) == "I love cats."
+    assert game._fill_in_blanks("_ meets _.", ["Alice", "Bob"]) == "Alice meets Bob."
+    assert game._fill_in_blanks("Why?", ["Because"]) == "Why? Because"
+
+
+def test_speech_friendly_black_replaces_underscore():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    assert game._speech_friendly_black("I love _.") == "I love blank."
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Deck reshuffle
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_white_deck_reshuffles_from_discard():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    game.white_deck = []
+    game.white_discard = _make_white(5, start=100)
+    drawn = game._draw_white(3)
+    assert len(drawn) == 3
+    assert len(game.white_deck) + len(drawn) == 5
+
+
+def test_white_deck_reshuffle_broadcasts():
+    game, users = _setup_game()
+    game.white_deck = []
+    game.white_discard = _make_white(5, start=100)
+    for u in users:
+        u.clear_messages()
+    game._draw_white(1)
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    assert any("reshuffled" in m.lower() for m in all_spoken)
+
+
+def test_black_deck_reshuffles_from_discard():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    game.black_deck = []
+    game.black_discard = [_make_black("Test _ card") for _ in range(3)]
+    assert game._draw_black() is not None
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Card toggling
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_toggle_card_selects_and_deselects():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    assert 0 in non_judge.selected_indices
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    assert 0 not in non_judge.selected_indices
+
+
+def test_judge_cannot_toggle_cards():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    judge = game._get_judges()[0]
+    game.execute_action(judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    assert 0 not in judge.selected_indices  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Submission
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_submit_removes_card_from_hand_and_records():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    expected_text = non_judge.hand[0]["text"]
+    hand_size = len(non_judge.hand)
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "submit_cards")
+    assert non_judge.submitted_cards == [expected_text]
+    assert len(non_judge.hand) == hand_size - 1
+
+
+def test_submit_wrong_count_rejected():
+    game, users = _setup_game()
+    game.current_black_card = _make_black("_ loves _ forever.", pick=2)
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    non_judge_user = next(u for u in users if u.username == non_judge.name)
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    non_judge_user.clear_messages()
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "submit_cards")
+    assert non_judge.submitted_cards is None
+    assert any("2" in m for m in non_judge_user.get_spoken_messages())
+
+
+def test_submit_already_submitted_rejected():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "submit_cards")
+    first = list(non_judge.submitted_cards)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "submit_cards")
+    assert non_judge.submitted_cards == first
+
+
+def test_judge_cannot_submit():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    judge = game._get_judges()[0]
+    game.execute_action(judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    game.execute_action(judge, "submit_cards")
+    assert judge.submitted_cards is None  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_all_submit_triggers_judging_phase():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(num_players=3)
+    for p in game._get_non_judges():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    assert game.phase == "judging"
+
+
+def test_pick_two_black_card_accepts_two_cards():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    game.current_black_card = _make_black("_ with _ always.", pick=2)
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_0")
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "toggle_card_1")
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "submit_cards")
+    assert non_judge.submitted_cards is not None
+    assert len(non_judge.submitted_cards) == 2
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Judging
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_judge_pick_awards_point_and_ends_round():
+    game, _ = _get_to_judging()
+    judge = game._get_judges()[0]
+    winner_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[0]]["player_id"]
+    game.execute_action(judge, "judge_pick_0")
+    winner = game.get_player_by_id(winner_id)
+    assert winner.score == 1  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    assert game.phase in ("round_end", "finished")
+
+
+def test_winner_announcement_broadcast():
+    game, users = _get_to_judging()
+    for u in users:
+        u.clear_messages()
+    game.execute_action(game._get_judges()[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    assert any("gets" in m.lower() and "point" in m.lower() for m in all_spoken)
+
+
+def test_non_judge_cannot_pick():
+    game, _ = _get_to_judging()
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    game.execute_action(non_judge, "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.phase == "judging"
+
+
+def test_no_losing_submissions_heading_when_all_are_winners():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=3)
+    game.submissions = [
+        {"player_id": "p1", "cards": ["foo"]},
+        {"player_id": "p2", "cards": ["bar"]},
+    ]
+    game.current_black_card = _make_black("_ question", pick=1)
+    for u in users:
+        u.clear_messages()
+    game._announce_losing_submissions({"p1", "p2"})
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    assert not any("other submissions" in m.lower() for m in all_spoken)
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Win condition
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_game_ends_when_winning_score_reached():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(options=HumanityCardsOptions(winning_score=1))
+    for p in game._get_non_judges():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    game.execute_action(game._get_judges()[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.status == "finished"
+
+
+def test_round_continues_when_score_below_winning():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(options=HumanityCardsOptions(winning_score=5))
+    for p in game._get_non_judges():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    game.execute_action(game._get_judges()[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.status == "playing"
+    assert game.phase == "round_end"
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Score display
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_check_scores_shows_all_players_and_values():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=3)
+    player0 = game.get_active_players()[0]
+    player0.score = 5  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    game._team_manager.add_to_team_score(player0.name, 5)
+    user0 = next(u for u in users if u.username == player0.name)
+    user0.clear_messages()
+    game.execute_action(player0, "check_scores")
+    all_text = " ".join(user0.get_spoken_messages())
+    assert "5" in all_text
+    for p in game.get_active_players():
+        assert p.name in all_text
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Round transition
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_round_end_ticks_advance_to_next_round():
+    game, _ = _setup_game()
+    for p in game._get_non_judges():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    game.execute_action(game._get_judges()[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.phase == "round_end"
+    game.round_end_ticks = 1
+    game.on_tick()
+    assert game.phase == "submitting"
+    assert game.round == 2
+
+
+def test_judge_announcement_fires_each_round():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=3)
+    for p in game._get_non_judges():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    game.execute_action(game._get_judges()[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    game.round_end_ticks = 1
+    game.on_tick()
+    new_judge = game._get_judges()[0]
+    new_judge_user = next(u for u in users if u.username == new_judge.name)
+    assert any("Card Czar" in m for m in new_judge_user.get_spoken_messages())
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Multi-judge voting
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_multi_judge_waits_for_all_judges():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4)
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.phase == "judging"
+    assert len(game.judge_picks) == 1
+
+
+def test_multi_judge_resolves_after_all_pick():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4)
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    game.execute_action(judges[1], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.phase in ("round_end", "finished")
+
+
+def test_multi_judge_cannot_vote_twice():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4)
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    first_picks = dict(game.judge_picks)
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_1")
+    assert game.judge_picks == first_picks
+
+
+def test_multi_judge_intermediate_vote_plays_sound_not_speech():
+    game, users = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4)
+    for u in users:
+        u.clear_messages()
+    game.execute_action(game._get_judges()[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    assert not any("made their choice" in m for m in all_spoken)
+    all_sounds = [s for u in users for s in u.get_sounds_played()]
+    assert any("judgechoice" in s for s in all_sounds)
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Judging methods
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_single_judge_always_uses_independent():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=1, judging_method="Jury"))
+    for p in game._get_non_judges():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    assert game.active_judging_method == "Independent"
+
+
+def test_independent_awards_one_point_per_vote():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4, judging_method="Independent")
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    sub0_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[0]]["player_id"]
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    game.execute_action(judges[1], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.get_player_by_id(sub0_id).score == 2  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_independent_split_vote_both_score():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4, judging_method="Independent")
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    sub0_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[0]]["player_id"]
+    sub1_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[1]]["player_id"]
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    game.execute_action(judges[1], "judge_pick_1")
+    assert game.get_player_by_id(sub0_id).score == 1  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    assert game.get_player_by_id(sub1_id).score == 1  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_jury_sole_winner_gets_one_point():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4, judging_method="Jury")
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    sub0_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[0]]["player_id"]
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    game.execute_action(judges[1], "judge_pick_0")
+    assert game.get_player_by_id(sub0_id).score == 1  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_jury_tie_both_score_one_point():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4, judging_method="Jury")
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    sub0_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[0]]["player_id"]
+    sub1_id = game.submissions[game.submission_order[1]]["player_id"]
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    game.execute_action(judges[1], "judge_pick_1")
+    assert game.get_player_by_id(sub0_id).score == 1  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    assert game.get_player_by_id(sub1_id).score == 1  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+def test_random_method_resolves_to_independent_or_jury():
+    game, _ = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4, judging_method="Random")
+    assert game.active_judging_method in ("Independent", "Jury")
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Bot game
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_bot_game_completes():
+    opts = HumanityCardsOptions(winning_score=3)
+    game = HumanityCardsGame(options=opts)
+    game._build_decks = lambda: _inject_decks(game, white_count=500, black_count=100)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    for i in range(4):
+        game.add_player(f"Bot{i}", Bot(f"Bot{i}"))
+    game.on_start()
+    for _ in range(100_000):
+        if game.status == "finished":
+            break
+        game.on_tick()
+    assert game.status == "finished"
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# All-judge mode
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_all_judge_mode_everyone_submits_and_judges():
+    game, _ = _setup_game(num_players=3, options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=3))
+    assert game._all_players_are_judges()
+    for p in game.get_active_players():
+        game.execute_action(p, "toggle_card_0")
+        game.execute_action(p, "submit_cards")
+    assert game.phase == "judging"
+    assert len(game.submissions) == 3
+
+
+def test_all_judge_mode_self_vote_hidden():
+    game, _ = _get_to_judging(options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=3))
+    for judge in game._get_judges():
+        for i, sub_idx in enumerate(game.submission_order):
+            if game.submissions[sub_idx]["player_id"] == judge.id:
+                assert game._is_judge_pick_hidden(judge, f"judge_pick_{i}") == Visibility.HIDDEN
+
+
+def test_all_judge_mode_self_vote_blocked():
+    game, _ = _get_to_judging(options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=3))
+    for judge in game._get_judges():
+        for i, sub_idx in enumerate(game.submission_order):
+            if game.submissions[sub_idx]["player_id"] == judge.id:
+                game._judge_pick(judge, i)
+                assert judge.id not in game.judge_picks
+
+
+def test_all_judge_mode_no_czar_announcement():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=3, options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=3))
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    assert not any("Card Czar" in m for m in all_spoken)
+
+
+def test_all_judge_bot_game_completes():
+    opts = HumanityCardsOptions(winning_score=2, num_judges=3)
+    game = HumanityCardsGame(options=opts)
+    game._build_decks = lambda: _inject_decks(game, white_count=500, black_count=100)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    for i in range(3):
+        game.add_player(f"Bot{i}", Bot(f"Bot{i}"))
+    game.on_start()
+    for _ in range(200_000):
+        if game.status == "finished":
+            break
+        game.on_tick()
+    assert game.status == "finished"
+
+
+# ==========================================================================
+# Judge announcement grammar
+# ==========================================================================
+
+
+def test_judge_announcement_two_judges_grammar():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=4, options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=2))
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    judge_names = [j.name for j in game._get_judges()]
+    msgs = [m for m in all_spoken if "Card Czar" in m]
+    assert msgs
+    msg = msgs[0]
+    assert all(n in msg for n in judge_names)
+    assert msg.count("and") == 1
+
+
+def test_judge_announcement_three_judges_oxford_comma():
+    game, users = _setup_game(num_players=4, options=HumanityCardsOptions(num_judges=3))
+    all_spoken = [m for u in users for m in u.get_spoken_messages()]
+    judge_names = [j.name for j in game._get_judges()]
+    msgs = [m for m in all_spoken if "Card Czar" in m]
+    assert msgs
+    assert all(n in msgs[0] for n in judge_names)
+    assert ", and " in msgs[0]
+
+
+def test_whose_turn_judging_lists_pending_judges():
+    game, users = _setup_multi_judge(num_judges=2, num_players=4)
+    judges = game._get_judges()
+    game.execute_action(judges[0], "judge_pick_0")
+    non_judge = game._get_non_judges()[0]
+    non_judge_user = next(u for u in users if u.username == non_judge.name)
+    non_judge_user.clear_messages()
+    game._action_whose_turn(non_judge, "whose_turn")
+    spoken = non_judge_user.get_spoken_messages()
+    assert any(judges[1].name in m for m in spoken)
+    assert not any("submitted" in m.lower() for m in spoken)