diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Course.java b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Course.java
index 0b1c82a..cfaf157 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Course.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Course.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
 
 public record Course(
+        int id,
         String name,
         @JsonProperty("faculty")
         List<String> professor,
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Schedule.java b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Schedule.java
index e2d84f7..e84816e 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Schedule.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Schedule.java
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ public List<Course> getCourses() {
             }
 
             Course copyCourse = new Course(
+                    c.id(),
                     c.name(),
                     new ArrayList<>(c.professor()),
                     c.department(),
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Search.java b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Search.java
index 89e52f8..d38c589 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Search.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/Search.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ private static void loadCourses() {
                 List<CourseTime> courseTimes = mapper.readerForListOf(CourseTime.class).readValue(time_json);
 
                 Course c = new Course(
+                        rs.getInt("id"),
                         rs.getString("name"),
                         facultyList,
                         rs.getString("subject"),
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/User.java b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/User.java
index b7f2bc2..1832efe 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/User.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/User.java
@@ -13,7 +13,15 @@ public class User {
     private byte[] passwordHash;
     private int id;
     private int gradYear;
-    private Connection connection;
+    private static Connection CONNECTION;
+
+    static {
+        try {
+            CONNECTION = Database.getConnection();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
 
     /**
      * Basic constructor that sets the username and password hash. NOTE: YOU SHOULD USE THE login() or signUp() METHOD
@@ -39,7 +47,6 @@ public User(String username, String password) throws IllegalArgumentException, S
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("sha256 not found");
         } // won't fail since sha256 is hardcoded
 
-        connection = Database.getConnection();
     }
 
     public String getUsername() {
@@ -87,7 +94,7 @@ public static User signup(String username, String password) throws SQLException
      */
     public boolean isUser() throws SQLException {
         // Get all the users that match the current user (should be at max 1)
-        PreparedStatement prepStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
+        PreparedStatement prepStatement = CONNECTION.prepareStatement(
                 "SELECT * FROM public.\"users\"" +
                     "WHERE username = ? AND password_hash = ?"
         );
@@ -100,7 +107,7 @@ public boolean isUser() throws SQLException {
     }
 
     public int getIdFromDatabase() throws SQLException {
-        PreparedStatement prepStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
+        PreparedStatement prepStatement = CONNECTION.prepareStatement(
                 "SELECT id FROM public.\"users\"" +
                     "WHERE username = ? AND password_hash = ?"
         );
@@ -118,7 +125,7 @@ public int getIdFromDatabase() throws SQLException {
      * @throws SQLException if the connection fails
      */
     public boolean isUsernameTaken() throws SQLException {
-        PreparedStatement prepStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
+        PreparedStatement prepStatement = CONNECTION.prepareStatement(
                 "SELECT * FROM public.\"users\"" +
                     "WHERE username = ?"
         );
@@ -140,7 +147,7 @@ public boolean addUser() throws SQLException {
             return false;
         }
 
-        PreparedStatement prepStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
+        PreparedStatement prepStatement = CONNECTION.prepareStatement(
                 "INSERT INTO public.\"users\" (username, password_hash, grad_year)" +
                     "VALUES (?, ?, ?)"
         );
@@ -162,7 +169,7 @@ public boolean deleteUser() throws SQLException {
         if (!isUser()) {
             return false;
         }
-        PreparedStatement prepStatement = connection.prepareStatement(
+        PreparedStatement prepStatement = CONNECTION.prepareStatement(
                 "DELETE FROM public.\"users\" WHERE username = ? AND password_hash = ?"
         );
         prepStatement.setString(1, username);
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DaysTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DaysTest.java
index 2ae190d..78bd9f5 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DaysTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DaysTest.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public void testMatchSingleDay() {
 
     public Course emptyOnDays(List<String> days) {
         return new Course(
+                1,
             "",
             List.of(""),
             "",
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DepartmentTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DepartmentTest.java
index 3d30374..b7e26e2 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DepartmentTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/DepartmentTest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public void testDepartmentFilter() {
 
     private static Course emptyWithDepartment(String department) {
         return new Course(
+                1,
             "",
             List.of(""),
             department,
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/NumCreditsTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/NumCreditsTest.java
index 99d50bc..2711105 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/NumCreditsTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/NumCreditsTest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public void testNumCreditsFilter() {
 
     private static Course emptyWithCredits(int credits) {
         return new Course(
+                1,
             "",
             List.of(""),
             "",
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ProfNameTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ProfNameTest.java
index 6b640fa..819cecb 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ProfNameTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ProfNameTest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public void testProfNameFilter() {
 
     private static Course emptyWithProf(String prof) {
         return new Course(
+                1,
             "",
             List.of(prof),
             "",
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ScheduleTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ScheduleTest.java
index 97e2441..c5a4a29 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ScheduleTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/ScheduleTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ void assertSchedulesEqual(Schedule expected, Schedule actual) {
             Course expectedCourse = expectedCourses.get(i);
             Course actualCourse = actualCourses.get(i);
 
+            assertEquals(expectedCourse.id(), actualCourse.id());
             assertEquals(expectedCourse.name(), actualCourse.name());
             assertEquals(expectedCourse.professor().size(), actualCourse.professor().size());
             for (int j = 0; j < actualCourse.professor().size(); j++) {
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ void assertSchedulesEqual(Schedule expected, Schedule actual) {
     void loadSaveSchedule() {
         Schedule expectedSchedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
+                    1,
                 "COMP PROGRAMMING I",
                 List.of("Wolfe, Britton D."),
                 "COMP",
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ void loadSaveSchedule() {
                 32
             ),
             new Course(
+                    2,
                 "INTRO TO COMPUTER SCIENCE",
                 List.of("Dickinson, Brian C"),
                 "COMP",
@@ -121,14 +124,14 @@ void loadSaveSchedule() {
     void checkForOverlap_noOverlap() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                    1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(10, 0), LocalTime.of(11, 0))),
                 false, false, 0, 30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                2, "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(11, 0), LocalTime.of(12, 0))),
             false, false, 0, 30
         );
@@ -140,14 +143,14 @@ void checkForOverlap_noOverlap() {
     void checkForOverlap_overlapSameDay() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1,"Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(10, 0), LocalTime.of(11, 0))),
                 false, false, 0, 30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            2, "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(10, 30), LocalTime.of(11, 30))),
             false, false, 0, 30
         );
@@ -158,14 +161,14 @@ void checkForOverlap_overlapSameDay() {
     void checkForOverlap_differentDays() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(10,0), LocalTime.of(11,0))),
                 false,false,0,30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            2, "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(new CourseTime("T", LocalTime.of(10,30), LocalTime.of(11,30))),
             false,false,0,30
         );
@@ -176,14 +179,14 @@ void checkForOverlap_differentDays() {
     void checkForOverlap_touchingTimesNotOverlap() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(10,0), LocalTime.of(11,0))),
                 false,false,0,30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            2, "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(11,0), LocalTime.of(12,0))),
             false,false,0,30
         );
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ void checkForOverlap_touchingTimesNotOverlap() {
     void checkForOverlap_invalidTimeIgnored() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(10,0), LocalTime.of(11,0))),
                 false,false,0,30
             )
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ void checkForOverlap_invalidTimeIgnored() {
 
         // end before start → ignored
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            2, "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(new CourseTime("M", LocalTime.of(12,0), LocalTime.of(11,0))),
             false,false,0,30
         );
@@ -215,13 +218,13 @@ void checkForOverlap_invalidTimeIgnored() {
     void hasDifferentSection_trueWhenDifferentSection() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(), false,false,0,30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'B', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'B', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(), false,false,0,30
         );
 
@@ -232,13 +235,13 @@ void hasDifferentSection_trueWhenDifferentSection() {
     void hasDifferentSection_falseSameSection() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(), false,false,0,30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(), false,false,0,30
         );
 
@@ -249,13 +252,13 @@ void hasDifferentSection_falseSameSection() {
     void hasDifferentSection_falseDifferentCourse() {
         Schedule schedule = new Schedule(List.of(
             new Course(
-                "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+                1, "Course1", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 101, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
                 List.of(), false,false,0,30
             )
         ));
 
         Course newCourse = new Course(
-            "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
+            2, "Course2", List.of("Prof"), "COMP", 102, 'A', "Room", 3, "2023_Fall",
             List.of(), false,false,0,30
         );
 
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/SemesterTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/SemesterTest.java
index 48da53b..83ab15d 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/SemesterTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/SemesterTest.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ public void testSemesterFilter() {
 
     private static Course emptyWithSemester(String semester) {
         return new Course(
+                1,
             "",
             List.of(""),
             "",
diff --git a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/TimeTest.java b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/TimeTest.java
index 39786d1..a3d3b58 100644
--- a/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/TimeTest.java
+++ b/backend/src/test/java/edu/gcc/hallmonitor/TimeTest.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ public void testMatchTime() {
 
     private static Course emptyAtTimes(List<LocalTime> times) {
         return new Course(
+                1,
             "",
             List.of(""),
             "",