diff --git a/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponse.tests.ts b/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponse.tests.ts
index 6a7d4a5..93e77ac 100644
--- a/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponse.tests.ts
+++ b/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponse.tests.ts
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ describe('issuing a device response', () => {
       expect(validityInfo.signed).toEqual(signed);
       expect(validityInfo.validFrom).toEqual(signed);
       expect(validityInfo.validUntil).toEqual(validUntil);
-      expect(validityInfo.expectedUpdate).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(validityInfo).not.toHaveProperty('expectedUpdate');
     });
 
     it('should contain the device namespaces', () => {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ describe('issuing a device response', () => {
       expect(validityInfo.signed).toEqual(signed);
       expect(validityInfo.validFrom).toEqual(signed);
       expect(validityInfo.validUntil).toEqual(validUntil);
-      expect(validityInfo.expectedUpdate).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(validityInfo).not.toHaveProperty('expectedUpdate');
     });
 
     it('should contain the device namespaces', () => {
diff --git a/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponseWithMac.tests.ts b/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponseWithMac.tests.ts
index 2c14093..d6ca692 100644
--- a/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponseWithMac.tests.ts
+++ b/__tests__/issuing/deviceResponseWithMac.tests.ts
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ curves.forEach((c) => {
         expect(validityInfo.signed).toEqual(signed);
         expect(validityInfo.validFrom).toEqual(signed);
         expect(validityInfo.validUntil).toEqual(validUntil);
-        expect(validityInfo.expectedUpdate).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(validityInfo).not.toHaveProperty('expectedUpdate');
       });
 
       it('should contain the device namespaces', () => {
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ curves.forEach((c) => {
         expect(validityInfo.signed).toEqual(signed);
         expect(validityInfo.validFrom).toEqual(signed);
         expect(validityInfo.validUntil).toEqual(validUntil);
-        expect(validityInfo.expectedUpdate).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(validityInfo).not.toHaveProperty('expectedUpdate');
       });
 
       it('should contain the device namespaces', () => {
diff --git a/__tests__/issuing/issuingMDoc.tests.ts b/__tests__/issuing/issuingMDoc.tests.ts
index e85c6d2..fe82699 100644
--- a/__tests__/issuing/issuingMDoc.tests.ts
+++ b/__tests__/issuing/issuingMDoc.tests.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ describe('issuing an MDOC', () => {
   validFrom.setMinutes(signed.getMinutes() + 5);
   const validUntil = new Date(signed);
   validUntil.setFullYear(signed.getFullYear() + 30);
+  const expectedUpdate = new Date(signed);
+  expectedUpdate.setFullYear(signed.getFullYear() + 1);
 
   beforeAll(async () => {
     const issuerPrivateKey = ISSUER_PRIVATE_KEY_JWK;
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ describe('issuing an MDOC', () => {
         signed,
         validFrom,
         validUntil,
+        expectedUpdate,
       })
       .addDeviceKeyInfo({ deviceKey: publicKeyJWK })
       .sign({
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ describe('issuing an MDOC', () => {
     expect(validityInfo.signed).toEqual(signed);
     expect(validityInfo.validFrom).toEqual(validFrom);
     expect(validityInfo.validUntil).toEqual(validUntil);
-    expect(validityInfo.expectedUpdate).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(validityInfo.expectedUpdate).toEqual(expectedUpdate);
   });
 
   it('should use the correct digest alg', () => {
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index b78bfcb..c70affb 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -67,89 +67,20 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.22.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.22.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XktuhWlJ5g+3TJXc5upd9Ks1HutSArik6jf2eAjYFyIOf4ej3RN+184cZbzDvbPnuTJIUhPKKJE3cIsYTiAT3w==",
+      "version": "7.26.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.26.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RJlIHRueQgwWitWgF8OdFYGZX328Ax5BCemNGlqHfplnRT9ESi8JkFlvaVYbS+UubVY6dpv87Fs2u5M29iNFVQ==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/highlight": "^7.22.13",
-        "chalk": "^2.4.2"
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9",
+        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0",
+        "picocolors": "^1.0.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/ansi-styles": {
-      "version": "3.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/chalk": {
-      "version": "2.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-2.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Mti+f9lpJNcwF4tWV8/OrTTtF1gZi+f8FqlyAdouralcFWFQWF2+NgCHShjkCb+IFBLq9buZwE1xckQU4peSuQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
-        "escape-string-regexp": "^1.0.5",
-        "supports-color": "^5.3.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/color-convert": {
-      "version": "1.9.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-1.9.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QfAUtd+vFdAtFQcC8CCyYt1fYWxSqAiK2cSD6zDB8N3cpsEBAvRxp9zOGg6G/SHHJYAT88/az/IuDGALsNVbGg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-name": "1.1.3"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/color-name": {
-      "version": "1.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-72fSenhMw2HZMTVHeCA9KCmpEIbzWiQsjN+BHcBbS9vr1mtt+vJjPdksIBNUmKAW8TFUDPJK5SUU3QhE9NEXDw==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/escape-string-regexp": {
-      "version": "1.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-string-regexp/-/escape-string-regexp-1.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vbRorB5FUQWvla16U8R/qgaFIya2qGzwDrNmCZuYKrbdSUMG6I1ZCGQRefkRVhuOkIGVne7BQ35DSfo1qvJqFg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.8.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/has-flag": {
-      "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sKJf1+ceQBr4SMkvQnBDNDtf4TXpVhVGateu0t918bl30FnbE2m4vNLX+VWe/dpjlb+HugGYzW7uQXH98HPEYw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame/node_modules/supports-color": {
-      "version": "5.5.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@babel/compat-data": {
       "version": "7.22.9",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/compat-data/-/compat-data-7.22.9.tgz",
@@ -343,19 +274,21 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
-      "version": "7.22.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.22.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-mM4COjgZox8U+JcXQwPijIZLElkgEpO5rsERVDJTc2qfCDfERyob6k5WegS14SX18IIjv+XD+GrqNumY5JRCDw==",
+      "version": "7.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4A/SCr/2KLd5jrtOMFzaKjVtAei3+2r/NChoBNoZ3EyP/+GlhoaEGoWOZUmFmoITP7zOJyHIMm+DYRd8o3PvHA==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-validator-identifier": {
-      "version": "7.22.20",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.22.20.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Y4OZ+ytlatR8AI+8KZfKuL5urKp7qey08ha31L8b3BwewJAoJamTzyvxPR/5D+KkdJCGPq/+8TukHBlY10FX9A==",
+      "version": "7.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ed61U6XJc3CVRfkERJWDz4dJwKe7iLmmJsbOGu9wSloNSFttHV0I8g6UAgb7qnK5ly5bGLPd4oXZlxCdANBOWQ==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
@@ -370,109 +303,28 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/helpers": {
-      "version": "7.22.11",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.22.11.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vyOXC8PBWaGc5h7GMsNx68OH33cypkEDJCHvYVVgVbbxJDROYVtexSk0gK5iCF1xNjRIN2s8ai7hwkWDq5szWg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.22.5",
-        "@babel/traverse": "^7.22.11",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.22.11"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight": {
-      "version": "7.22.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/highlight/-/highlight-7.22.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-C/BaXcnnvBCmHTpz/VGZ8jgtE2aYlW4hxDhseJAWZb7gqGM/qtCK6iZUb0TyKFf7BOUsBH7Q7fkRsDRhg1XklQ==",
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U5eyP/CTFPuNE3qk+WZMxFkp/4zUzdceQlfzf7DdGdhp+Fezd7HD+i8Y24ZuTMKX3wQBld449jijbGq6OdGNQg==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.5",
-        "chalk": "^2.4.2",
-        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0"
+        "@babel/template": "^7.27.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.27.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/ansi-styles": {
-      "version": "3.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/chalk": {
-      "version": "2.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-2.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Mti+f9lpJNcwF4tWV8/OrTTtF1gZi+f8FqlyAdouralcFWFQWF2+NgCHShjkCb+IFBLq9buZwE1xckQU4peSuQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
-        "escape-string-regexp": "^1.0.5",
-        "supports-color": "^5.3.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/color-convert": {
-      "version": "1.9.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-1.9.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QfAUtd+vFdAtFQcC8CCyYt1fYWxSqAiK2cSD6zDB8N3cpsEBAvRxp9zOGg6G/SHHJYAT88/az/IuDGALsNVbGg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-name": "1.1.3"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/color-name": {
-      "version": "1.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-72fSenhMw2HZMTVHeCA9KCmpEIbzWiQsjN+BHcBbS9vr1mtt+vJjPdksIBNUmKAW8TFUDPJK5SUU3QhE9NEXDw==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/escape-string-regexp": {
-      "version": "1.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-string-regexp/-/escape-string-regexp-1.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vbRorB5FUQWvla16U8R/qgaFIya2qGzwDrNmCZuYKrbdSUMG6I1ZCGQRefkRVhuOkIGVne7BQ35DSfo1qvJqFg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.8.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/has-flag": {
-      "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sKJf1+ceQBr4SMkvQnBDNDtf4TXpVhVGateu0t918bl30FnbE2m4vNLX+VWe/dpjlb+HugGYzW7uQXH98HPEYw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/highlight/node_modules/supports-color": {
-      "version": "5.5.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
+    "node_modules/@babel/parser": {
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iaepho73/2Pz7w2eMS0Q5f83+0RKI7i4xmiYeBmDzfRVbQtTOG7Ts0S4HzJVsTMGI9keU8rNfuZr8DKfSt7Yyg==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
+        "@babel/types": "^7.27.0"
       },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/parser": {
-      "version": "7.23.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.23.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vvPKKdMemU85V9WE/l5wZEmImpCtLqbnTvqDS2U1fJ96KrxoW7KrXhNsNCblQlg8Ck4b85yxdTyelsMUgFUXiw==",
-      "dev": true,
       "bin": {
         "parser": "bin/babel-parser.js"
       },
@@ -658,14 +510,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/template": {
-      "version": "7.22.15",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.22.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QPErUVm4uyJa60rkI73qneDacvdvzxshT3kksGqlGWYdOTIUOwJ7RDUL8sGqslY1uXWSL6xMFKEXDS3ox2uF0w==",
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2ncevenBqXI6qRMukPlXwHKHchC7RyMuu4xv5JBXRfOGVcTy1mXCD12qrp7Jsoxll1EV3+9sE4GugBVRjT2jFA==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.22.13",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.22.15",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.22.15"
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.26.2",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.27.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.27.0"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -702,14 +555,14 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@babel/types": {
-      "version": "7.23.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.23.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-0oIyUfKoI3mSqMvsxBdclDwxXKXAUA8v/apZbc+iSyARYou1o8ZGDxbUYyLFoW2arqS2jDGqJuZvv1d/io1axg==",
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-H45s8fVLYjbhFH62dIJ3WtmJ6RSPt/3DRO0ZcT2SUiYiQyz3BLVb9ADEnLl91m74aQPS3AzzeajZHYOalWe3bg==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.22.5",
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.20",
-        "to-fast-properties": "^2.0.0"
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.25.9",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -3787,10 +3640,11 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "7.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==",
+      "version": "7.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uV2QOWP2nWzsy2aMp8aRibhi9dlzF5Hgh5SHaB9OiTGEyDTiJJyx0uy51QXdyWbtAHNua4XJzUKca3OzKUd3vA==",
       "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "path-key": "^3.1.0",
         "shebang-command": "^2.0.0",
@@ -6200,7 +6054,8 @@
       "version": "4.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-tokens/-/js-tokens-4.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-RdJUflcE3cUzKiMqQgsCu06FPu9UdIJO0beYbPhHN4k6apgJtifcoCtT9bcxOpYBtpD2kCM6Sbzg4CausW/PKQ==",
-      "dev": true
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/js-yaml": {
       "version": "4.1.0",
@@ -7741,15 +7596,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-3f0uOEAQwIqGuWW2MVzYg8fV/QNnc/IpuJNG837rLuczAaLVHslWHZQj4IGiEl5Hs3kkbhwL9Ab7Hrsmuj+Smw==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "node_modules/to-fast-properties": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-fast-properties/-/to-fast-properties-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-/OaKK0xYrs3DmxRYqL/yDc+FxFUVYhDlXMhRmv3z915w2HF1tnN1omB354j8VUGO/hbRzyD6Y3sA7v7GS/ceog==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/to-regex-range": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
@@ -8390,71 +8236,14 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.22.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.22.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XktuhWlJ5g+3TJXc5upd9Ks1HutSArik6jf2eAjYFyIOf4ej3RN+184cZbzDvbPnuTJIUhPKKJE3cIsYTiAT3w==",
+      "version": "7.26.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.26.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RJlIHRueQgwWitWgF8OdFYGZX328Ax5BCemNGlqHfplnRT9ESi8JkFlvaVYbS+UubVY6dpv87Fs2u5M29iNFVQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/highlight": "^7.22.13",
-        "chalk": "^2.4.2"
-      },
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": {
-          "version": "3.2.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
-          }
-        },
-        "chalk": {
-          "version": "2.4.2",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-2.4.2.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-Mti+f9lpJNcwF4tWV8/OrTTtF1gZi+f8FqlyAdouralcFWFQWF2+NgCHShjkCb+IFBLq9buZwE1xckQU4peSuQ==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
-            "escape-string-regexp": "^1.0.5",
-            "supports-color": "^5.3.0"
-          }
-        },
-        "color-convert": {
-          "version": "1.9.3",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-1.9.3.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-QfAUtd+vFdAtFQcC8CCyYt1fYWxSqAiK2cSD6zDB8N3cpsEBAvRxp9zOGg6G/SHHJYAT88/az/IuDGALsNVbGg==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "color-name": "1.1.3"
-          }
-        },
-        "color-name": {
-          "version": "1.1.3",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.3.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-72fSenhMw2HZMTVHeCA9KCmpEIbzWiQsjN+BHcBbS9vr1mtt+vJjPdksIBNUmKAW8TFUDPJK5SUU3QhE9NEXDw==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "escape-string-regexp": {
-          "version": "1.0.5",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-string-regexp/-/escape-string-regexp-1.0.5.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-vbRorB5FUQWvla16U8R/qgaFIya2qGzwDrNmCZuYKrbdSUMG6I1ZCGQRefkRVhuOkIGVne7BQ35DSfo1qvJqFg==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "has-flag": {
-          "version": "3.0.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-sKJf1+ceQBr4SMkvQnBDNDtf4TXpVhVGateu0t918bl30FnbE2m4vNLX+VWe/dpjlb+HugGYzW7uQXH98HPEYw==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "supports-color": {
-          "version": "5.5.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
-          }
-        }
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9",
+        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0",
+        "picocolors": "^1.0.0"
       }
     },
     "@babel/compat-data": {
@@ -8605,15 +8394,15 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/helper-string-parser": {
-      "version": "7.22.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.22.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-mM4COjgZox8U+JcXQwPijIZLElkgEpO5rsERVDJTc2qfCDfERyob6k5WegS14SX18IIjv+XD+GrqNumY5JRCDw==",
+      "version": "7.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4A/SCr/2KLd5jrtOMFzaKjVtAei3+2r/NChoBNoZ3EyP/+GlhoaEGoWOZUmFmoITP7zOJyHIMm+DYRd8o3PvHA==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": {
-      "version": "7.22.20",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.22.20.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Y4OZ+ytlatR8AI+8KZfKuL5urKp7qey08ha31L8b3BwewJAoJamTzyvxPR/5D+KkdJCGPq/+8TukHBlY10FX9A==",
+      "version": "7.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ed61U6XJc3CVRfkERJWDz4dJwKe7iLmmJsbOGu9wSloNSFttHV0I8g6UAgb7qnK5ly5bGLPd4oXZlxCdANBOWQ==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "@babel/helper-validator-option": {
@@ -8623,91 +8412,24 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "@babel/helpers": {
-      "version": "7.22.11",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.22.11.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vyOXC8PBWaGc5h7GMsNx68OH33cypkEDJCHvYVVgVbbxJDROYVtexSk0gK5iCF1xNjRIN2s8ai7hwkWDq5szWg==",
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helpers/-/helpers-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-U5eyP/CTFPuNE3qk+WZMxFkp/4zUzdceQlfzf7DdGdhp+Fezd7HD+i8Y24ZuTMKX3wQBld449jijbGq6OdGNQg==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/template": "^7.22.5",
-        "@babel/traverse": "^7.22.11",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.22.11"
+        "@babel/template": "^7.27.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.27.0"
       }
     },
-    "@babel/highlight": {
-      "version": "7.22.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/highlight/-/highlight-7.22.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-C/BaXcnnvBCmHTpz/VGZ8jgtE2aYlW4hxDhseJAWZb7gqGM/qtCK6iZUb0TyKFf7BOUsBH7Q7fkRsDRhg1XklQ==",
+    "@babel/parser": {
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iaepho73/2Pz7w2eMS0Q5f83+0RKI7i4xmiYeBmDzfRVbQtTOG7Ts0S4HzJVsTMGI9keU8rNfuZr8DKfSt7Yyg==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.5",
-        "chalk": "^2.4.2",
-        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0"
-      },
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": {
-          "version": "3.2.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
-          }
-        },
-        "chalk": {
-          "version": "2.4.2",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-2.4.2.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-Mti+f9lpJNcwF4tWV8/OrTTtF1gZi+f8FqlyAdouralcFWFQWF2+NgCHShjkCb+IFBLq9buZwE1xckQU4peSuQ==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
-            "escape-string-regexp": "^1.0.5",
-            "supports-color": "^5.3.0"
-          }
-        },
-        "color-convert": {
-          "version": "1.9.3",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-1.9.3.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-QfAUtd+vFdAtFQcC8CCyYt1fYWxSqAiK2cSD6zDB8N3cpsEBAvRxp9zOGg6G/SHHJYAT88/az/IuDGALsNVbGg==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "color-name": "1.1.3"
-          }
-        },
-        "color-name": {
-          "version": "1.1.3",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.3.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-72fSenhMw2HZMTVHeCA9KCmpEIbzWiQsjN+BHcBbS9vr1mtt+vJjPdksIBNUmKAW8TFUDPJK5SUU3QhE9NEXDw==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "escape-string-regexp": {
-          "version": "1.0.5",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-string-regexp/-/escape-string-regexp-1.0.5.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-vbRorB5FUQWvla16U8R/qgaFIya2qGzwDrNmCZuYKrbdSUMG6I1ZCGQRefkRVhuOkIGVne7BQ35DSfo1qvJqFg==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "has-flag": {
-          "version": "3.0.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-sKJf1+ceQBr4SMkvQnBDNDtf4TXpVhVGateu0t918bl30FnbE2m4vNLX+VWe/dpjlb+HugGYzW7uQXH98HPEYw==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "supports-color": {
-          "version": "5.5.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
-          }
-        }
+        "@babel/types": "^7.27.0"
       }
     },
-    "@babel/parser": {
-      "version": "7.23.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.23.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vvPKKdMemU85V9WE/l5wZEmImpCtLqbnTvqDS2U1fJ96KrxoW7KrXhNsNCblQlg8Ck4b85yxdTyelsMUgFUXiw==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-generators": {
       "version": "7.8.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-syntax-async-generators/-/plugin-syntax-async-generators-7.8.4.tgz",
@@ -8835,14 +8557,14 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/template": {
-      "version": "7.22.15",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.22.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QPErUVm4uyJa60rkI73qneDacvdvzxshT3kksGqlGWYdOTIUOwJ7RDUL8sGqslY1uXWSL6xMFKEXDS3ox2uF0w==",
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/template/-/template-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2ncevenBqXI6qRMukPlXwHKHchC7RyMuu4xv5JBXRfOGVcTy1mXCD12qrp7Jsoxll1EV3+9sE4GugBVRjT2jFA==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.22.13",
-        "@babel/parser": "^7.22.15",
-        "@babel/types": "^7.22.15"
+        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.26.2",
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.27.0",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.27.0"
       }
     },
     "@babel/traverse": {
@@ -8872,14 +8594,13 @@
       }
     },
     "@babel/types": {
-      "version": "7.23.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.23.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-0oIyUfKoI3mSqMvsxBdclDwxXKXAUA8v/apZbc+iSyARYou1o8ZGDxbUYyLFoW2arqS2jDGqJuZvv1d/io1axg==",
+      "version": "7.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/types/-/types-7.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-H45s8fVLYjbhFH62dIJ3WtmJ6RSPt/3DRO0ZcT2SUiYiQyz3BLVb9ADEnLl91m74aQPS3AzzeajZHYOalWe3bg==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
-        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.22.5",
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.22.20",
-        "to-fast-properties": "^2.0.0"
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.25.9",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.25.9"
       }
     },
     "@bcoe/v8-coverage": {
@@ -11125,9 +10846,9 @@
       }
     },
     "cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "7.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==",
+      "version": "7.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uV2QOWP2nWzsy2aMp8aRibhi9dlzF5Hgh5SHaB9OiTGEyDTiJJyx0uy51QXdyWbtAHNua4XJzUKca3OzKUd3vA==",
       "dev": true,
       "requires": {
         "path-key": "^3.1.0",
@@ -13967,12 +13688,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-3f0uOEAQwIqGuWW2MVzYg8fV/QNnc/IpuJNG837rLuczAaLVHslWHZQj4IGiEl5Hs3kkbhwL9Ab7Hrsmuj+Smw==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "to-fast-properties": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-fast-properties/-/to-fast-properties-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-/OaKK0xYrs3DmxRYqL/yDc+FxFUVYhDlXMhRmv3z915w2HF1tnN1omB354j8VUGO/hbRzyD6Y3sA7v7GS/ceog==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "to-regex-range": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
diff --git a/src/mdoc/model/Document.ts b/src/mdoc/model/Document.ts
index fb7d402..27f9647 100644
--- a/src/mdoc/model/Document.ts
+++ b/src/mdoc/model/Document.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ export class Document {
     signed: new Date(),
     validFrom: new Date(),
     validUntil: addYears(new Date(), 1),
-    expectedUpdate: null,
   };
   #digestAlgorithm: DigestAlgorithm = 'SHA-256';
 
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ export class Document {
    * @param {Date} [info.signed] - The date the document is signed. default: now
    * @param {Date} [info.validFrom] - The date the document is valid from. default: signed
    * @param {Date} [info.validUntil] - The date the document is valid until. default: signed + 1 year
-   * @param {Date} [info.expectedUpdate] - The date the document is expected to be updated. default: null
+   * @param {Date} [info.expectedUpdate] - [Optional] The date the document is expected to be re-signed and potentially have its data updated.
    * @returns
    */
   addValidityInfo(info: Partial<ValidityInfo> = {}): Document {
@@ -137,8 +136,12 @@ export class Document {
       signed,
       validFrom,
       validUntil,
-      expectedUpdate: info.expectedUpdate,
     };
+
+    if (info.expectedUpdate) {
+      this.#validityInfo.expectedUpdate = info.expectedUpdate;
+    }
+
     return this;
   }