Started Chapter 12

Author: cppHusky

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
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Structure.md

@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@
 
 简单介绍下异常类及其派生类。
 
-### 实操：`at`成员函数
+#### 实操：`at`成员函数
 
 为`array`类模板设计一个成员函数`at`，带范围检测，继承自`std::exception`。
 

generalized_part.tex

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ \part*{泛讲篇}
 \import{generalized_parts/}{08_a_step_forward_in_classes_and_functions.tex}
 \import{generalized_parts/}{09_class_inheritance.tex}
 \import{generalized_parts/}{10_common_problems_in_inheritance.tex}
-\import{generalized_parts/}{11_templates_and_fundamental_generic_programming.tex}
+\import{generalized_parts/}{11_templates_and_fundamental_generic_programming.tex}
+\import{generalized_parts/}{12_introduction_to_exceptions.tex}

generalized_parts/12_introduction_to_exceptions.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+\chapter{异常处理简介}
+我们在写代码的时候常常会不可避免地犯错误。比如说，一个不小心把 \lstinline@==@ 写成了 \lstinline@=@，像这样：
+\begin{lstlisting}
+    if (n * m = c) { /*...*/ }
+\end{lstlisting}
+不过所幸，编译器能够一下子发现错误，进而提醒我们这里出错了。\par
+但不是所有的bug都可以在编译期发现，比如：
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item 动态内存空间不足，无法分配新的内存空间。
+    \item 数组访问越界。比如，循环结构 \lstinline@\for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i++)@ 中本来是要写成
+    \item 为函数/运算符提供了不当的参数。比如，除数为 \lstinline@0@。
+    \item ……
+\end{itemize}
+这些问题的发生将导向不可预测的结果，比如程序崩溃。\par
+但是编译器可查不出这些问题是否存在，因为它们不是在编译期就能够知道的信息。所以我们需要有一套机制，来对这些运行过程中可能产生的\textbf{异常（Exception）}进行捕获和处理。这也就是本章的核心内容。\par
+关于异常处理的知识，说多不多，说少也不少。限于篇幅，在泛讲篇中我们就介绍一下最基础的部分。至于更深入的内容，让我们留到精讲篇吧。\par
+\import{../generalized_parts/12_introduction_to_exceptions/}{01_try_catch_throw.tex}
+\import{../generalized_parts/12_introduction_to_exceptions/}{02_std_exception.tex}
+\import{../generalized_parts/12_introduction_to_exceptions/}{03_noexcept.tex}

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generalized_parts/12_introduction_to_exceptions/02_std_exception.tex

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