diff --git a/@types/frame/state.d.ts b/@types/frame/state.d.ts
index 67f18dcb60..7d931cc56f 100644
--- a/@types/frame/state.d.ts
+++ b/@types/frame/state.d.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ interface Frame {
   views: Record<string, ViewMetadata>
 }
 
-type SignerType = 'ring' | 'seed' | 'trezor' | 'ledger' | 'lattice'
+type SignerType = 'ring' | 'seed' | 'trezor' | 'ledger' | 'lattice' | 'qr'
 type AccountStatus = 'ok'
 
 interface Signer {
diff --git a/app/dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/QRScanner.js b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/QRScanner.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25fc648e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/QRScanner.js
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import { BrowserMultiFormatReader } from '@zxing/browser'
+import { URDecoder, UREncoder } from '@ngraveio/bc-ur'
+import link from '../../../../../resources/link'
+
+function QRScanner({
+  onScan,
+  onError,
+  onCancel,
+  title = 'Scan device sync QR code',
+  instructions = 'Open your hardware wallet and display the account sync QR code',
+  externalError = null
+}) {
+  const videoRef = useRef(null)
+  const [error, setError] = useState(null)
+  const [progress, setProgress] = useState(0)
+  const [isAnimated, setIsAnimated] = useState(false)
+
+  const readerRef = useRef(null)
+  const urDecoderRef = useRef(null)
+  const lastCompletedScanRef = useRef({ payload: '', timestamp: 0 })
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let mounted = true
+    let controls = null
+
+    // Reset duplicate detection on mount to prevent stale state from previous scans
+    lastCompletedScanRef.current = { payload: '', timestamp: 0 }
+
+    const startScanning = async () => {
+      try {
+        // Request camera permission first (required on macOS)
+        const permissionResult = await new Promise((resolve) => {
+          link.rpc('requestCameraAccess', (err, result) => {
+            if (err) {
+              resolve({ granted: false, error: err })
+            } else {
+              resolve(result)
+            }
+          })
+        })
+
+        if (!permissionResult.granted) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Camera access denied. Please enable camera access in System Preferences > Privacy & Security > Camera.'
+          )
+        }
+
+        // Initialize the ZXing reader
+        readerRef.current = new BrowserMultiFormatReader()
+
+        // Initialize UR decoder for animated QR codes
+        urDecoderRef.current = new URDecoder()
+
+        // Get available cameras
+        const devices = await BrowserMultiFormatReader.listVideoInputDevices()
+
+        if (devices.length === 0) {
+          throw new Error('No camera found')
+        }
+
+        // Start scanning with the first camera
+        controls = await readerRef.current.decodeFromVideoDevice(
+          devices[0].deviceId,
+          videoRef.current,
+          (result, _err) => {
+            if (!mounted) return
+
+            if (result) {
+              handleQRResult(result.getText())
+            }
+          }
+        )
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (mounted) {
+          setError(err.message || 'Failed to access camera')
+          onError(err.message || 'Failed to access camera')
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const handleQRResult = (text) => {
+      const now = Date.now()
+      const lastScan = lastCompletedScanRef.current
+      const isDuplicateScan = lastScan.payload === text && now - lastScan.timestamp < 1500
+      if (isDuplicateScan) return
+
+      // Check if this is a UR-encoded QR code
+      if (text.toLowerCase().startsWith('ur:')) {
+        handleURPart(text)
+      } else {
+        // Non-UR data, pass through directly
+        lastCompletedScanRef.current = { payload: text, timestamp: now }
+        onScan(text)
+        stopScanning()
+      }
+    }
+
+    const handleURPart = (urPart) => {
+      try {
+        urDecoderRef.current.receivePart(urPart)
+
+        const progressValue = urDecoderRef.current.getProgress()
+        setProgress(Math.round(progressValue * 100))
+
+        // Check if this is an animated QR
+        if (urDecoderRef.current.expectedPartCount() > 1) {
+          setIsAnimated(true)
+        }
+
+        if (urDecoderRef.current.isComplete()) {
+          const ur = urDecoderRef.current.resultUR()
+          // Re-encode the complete UR to a single-part string (handles multi-frame QRs)
+          const encoder = new UREncoder(ur, Infinity)
+          const completeURString = encoder.nextPart()
+
+          const now = Date.now()
+          const lastScan = lastCompletedScanRef.current
+          const isDuplicateScan = lastScan.payload === completeURString && now - lastScan.timestamp < 1500
+          if (isDuplicateScan) return
+
+          lastCompletedScanRef.current = { payload: completeURString, timestamp: now }
+          onScan(completeURString)
+          stopScanning()
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        // If this part fails, it might be from a different QR code
+        // Reset the decoder and try again
+        urDecoderRef.current = new URDecoder()
+        setProgress(0)
+        setIsAnimated(false)
+      }
+    }
+
+    const stopScanning = () => {
+      if (controls) {
+        controls.stop()
+      }
+      if (readerRef.current) {
+        readerRef.current = null
+      }
+    }
+
+    startScanning()
+
+    return () => {
+      mounted = false
+      // Reset duplicate detection on unmount
+      lastCompletedScanRef.current = { payload: '', timestamp: 0 }
+      stopScanning()
+    }
+  }, [onScan, onError])
+
+  const handleCancel = () => {
+    if (readerRef.current) {
+      readerRef.current = null
+    }
+    onCancel()
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className='qrScannerContainer'>
+      <div className='qrScannerTitle'>{isAnimated ? `Scanning animated QR... ${progress}%` : title}</div>
+
+      <div className='qrScannerVideo'>
+        <video ref={videoRef} style={{ width: '100%', maxWidth: '300px', borderRadius: '8px' }} />
+      </div>
+
+      {isAnimated && (
+        <div className='qrScannerProgress'>
+          <div className='qrScannerProgressBar' style={{ width: `${progress}%` }} />
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {(error || externalError) && <div className='qrScannerError'>{error || externalError}</div>}
+
+      <div className='qrScannerInstructions'>{instructions}</div>
+
+      <div className='addAccountItemOptionSubmit' onMouseDown={handleCancel}>
+        Cancel
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+export default QRScanner
diff --git a/app/dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/index.js b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2dab6a1778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import React from 'react'
+import Restore from 'react-restore'
+
+import Signer from '../../../Signer'
+import link from '../../../../../resources/link'
+import RingIcon from '../../../../../resources/Components/RingIcon'
+import QRScanner from './QRScanner'
+
+class AddHardwareQR extends React.Component {
+  constructor(...args) {
+    super(...args)
+    this.state = {
+      adding: false,
+      index: 0,
+      status: '',
+      error: false,
+      deviceName: 'QR',
+      scanning: false,
+      scannedData: '',
+      signerId: null
+    }
+    this.forms = [React.createRef()]
+  }
+
+  onChange(key, e) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    const value = e.target.value.substring(0, 20)
+    this.setState({ [key]: value || '' })
+  }
+
+  onBlur(key, e) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    this.setState({ [key]: this.state[key] || '' })
+  }
+
+  onFocus(key, e) {
+    e.preventDefault()
+    if (this.state[key] === '') {
+      this.setState({ [key]: '' })
+    }
+  }
+
+  currentForm() {
+    return this.forms[this.state.index]
+  }
+
+  blurActive() {
+    const formInput = this.currentForm()
+    if (formInput && formInput.current) formInput.current.blur()
+  }
+
+  focusActive() {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      const formInput = this.currentForm()
+      if (formInput && formInput.current) formInput.current.focus()
+    }, 500)
+  }
+
+  next() {
+    this.blurActive()
+    this.setState({ index: this.state.index + 1 })
+    this.focusActive()
+  }
+
+  startScanning() {
+    this.setState({ scanning: true, index: 1 })
+  }
+
+  onQRScanned(data) {
+    this.setState({ scannedData: data, scanning: false, status: 'Importing device...' })
+    this.importDevice(data)
+  }
+
+  onScanError(error) {
+    this.setState({ scanning: false, status: error, error: true })
+  }
+
+  onScanCancel() {
+    this.setState({ scanning: false, index: 0 })
+  }
+
+  importDevice(urData) {
+    link.rpc('importQRDevice', urData, this.state.deviceName, (err, result) => {
+      if (err) {
+        this.setState({ status: err, error: true })
+      } else {
+        this.setState({
+          signerId: result.id,
+          status: 'Successful',
+          index: 2
+        })
+        // Navigate to the new signer
+        link.send('tray:action', 'backDash', 2)
+        const crumb = {
+          view: 'expandedSigner',
+          data: { signer: result.id }
+        }
+        link.send('tray:action', 'navDash', crumb)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  restart() {
+    this.setState({
+      adding: false,
+      index: 0,
+      scannedData: '',
+      scanning: false,
+      signerId: null
+    })
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      this.setState({ status: '', error: false })
+    }, 500)
+    this.focusActive()
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    let itemClass = 'addAccountItem addAccountItemSmart addAccountItemAdding'
+
+    let signer
+    if (this.state.signerId && this.state.status === 'Successful') {
+      signer = this.store('main.signers', this.state.signerId)
+    }
+
+    return (
+      <div className={itemClass} style={{ transitionDelay: (0.64 * this.props.index) / 4 + 's' }}>
+        <div className='addAccountItemBar' />
+        <div className='addAccountItemWrap'>
+          <div className='addAccountItemTop'>
+            <div className='addAccountItemTopType'>
+              <div className='addAccountItemIcon'>
+                <div className='addAccountItemIconType addAccountItemIconHardware'>
+                  <RingIcon svgName={'qr'} svgSize={20} />
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div className='addAccountItemTopTitle'>QR Hardware</div>
+            </div>
+            <div className='addAccountItemSummary'>Keystone, Keycard Shell</div>
+          </div>
+          <div className='addAccountItemOption'>
+            <div
+              className='addAccountItemOptionSetup'
+              style={{ transform: `translateX(-${100 * this.state.index}%)` }}
+            >
+              <div className='addAccountItemOptionSetupFrames'>
+                {/* Frame 0: Device Name */}
+                <div className='addAccountItemOptionSetupFrame'>
+                  <div className='addAccountItemOptionTitle'>Device Name</div>
+                  <div className='addAccountItemOptionInput'>
+                    <input
+                      tabIndex='-1'
+                      ref={this.forms[0]}
+                      value={this.state.deviceName}
+                      onChange={(e) => this.onChange('deviceName', e)}
+                      onFocus={(e) => this.onFocus('deviceName', e)}
+                      onBlur={(e) => this.onBlur('deviceName', e)}
+                      onKeyPress={(e) => {
+                        if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+                          this.startScanning()
+                        }
+                      }}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div className='addAccountItemOptionSubmit' onMouseDown={() => this.startScanning()}>
+                    Scan QR Code
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Frame 1: QR Scanner */}
+                <div className='addAccountItemOptionSetupFrame'>
+                  {this.state.scanning ? (
+                    <QRScanner
+                      onScan={(data) => this.onQRScanned(data)}
+                      onError={(err) => this.onScanError(err)}
+                      onCancel={() => this.onScanCancel()}
+                    />
+                  ) : (
+                    <>
+                      <div className='addAccountItemOptionTitle'>{this.state.status || 'Scanning...'}</div>
+                      {this.state.error ? (
+                        <div className='addAccountItemOptionSubmit' onMouseDown={() => this.restart()}>
+                          Try Again
+                        </div>
+                      ) : null}
+                    </>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Frame 2: Success */}
+                <div className='addAccountItemOptionSetupFrame'>
+                  {signer && this.state.status === 'Successful' ? (
+                    <Signer key={signer.id} {...signer} inSetup={true} />
+                  ) : (
+                    <>
+                      <div className='addAccountItemOptionTitle'>{this.state.status}</div>
+                      {this.state.error ? (
+                        <div className='addAccountItemOptionSubmit' onMouseDown={() => this.restart()}>
+                          Try Again
+                        </div>
+                      ) : null}
+                    </>
+                  )}
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div className='addAccountItemFooter' />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+export default Restore.connect(AddHardwareQR)
diff --git a/app/dash/Accounts/Add/index.js b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/index.js
index 39463604c1..6fbe9e12f4 100644
--- a/app/dash/Accounts/Add/index.js
+++ b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/index.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import svg from '../../../../resources/svg'
 
 import AddHardware from './AddHardware'
 import AddHardwareLattice from './AddHardwareLattice'
+import AddHardwareQR from './AddHardwareQR'
 import AddPhrase from './AddPhrase'
 import AddRing from './AddRing'
 import AddAddress from './AddAddress'
@@ -71,17 +72,18 @@ class Add extends React.Component {
                       <AddHardware index={1} type='ledger' />
                       <AddHardware index={2} type='trezor' />
                       <AddHardwareLattice index={3} type='lattice' />
+                      <AddHardwareQR index={4} type='qr' />
                       <div className='addAccountHeader'>
                         <div style={{ margin: '-1px 10px 0px 0px' }}>{svg.flame(18)}</div>
                         <div>Hot Accounts</div>
                       </div>
-                      <AddPhrase index={4} />
-                      <AddRing index={5} />
+                      <AddPhrase index={5} />
+                      <AddRing index={6} />
                       <div className='addAccountHeader'>
                         <div style={{ margin: '-3px 10px 0px 0px' }}>{svg.handshake(23)}</div>
                         <div>Nonsigning Accounts</div>
                       </div>
-                      <AddAddress index={6} />
+                      <AddAddress index={7} />
                       <div className='addAccountBreak' style={{ margin: '40px 0px 0px 0px' }} />
                       <div className='addAccountFooter'>{svg.logo(32)}</div>
                     </div>
diff --git a/app/dash/Accounts/Add/style/index.styl b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/style/index.styl
index 4b16c195ab..93b174c067 100644
--- a/app/dash/Accounts/Add/style/index.styl
+++ b/app/dash/Accounts/Add/style/index.styl
@@ -506,3 +506,58 @@
   opacity 1
   transform translateY(0px) scale(1) rotateY(0deg)
   transition-delay 0.00s
+
+// QR Scanner styles
+.qrScannerContainer
+  display flex
+  flex-direction column
+  align-items center
+  justify-content center
+  width 100%
+  height 100%
+  padding 10px
+  box-sizing border-box
+
+.qrScannerTitle
+  font-size 14px
+  font-weight 400
+  margin-bottom 12px
+  text-align center
+
+.qrScannerVideo
+  width 100%
+  max-width 200px
+  display flex
+  justify-content center
+  align-items center
+  border-radius 8px
+  overflow hidden
+  background var(--ghostA)
+
+.qrScannerProgress
+  width 100%
+  max-width 200px
+  height 4px
+  background var(--ghostA)
+  border-radius 2px
+  margin-top 10px
+  overflow hidden
+
+.qrScannerProgressBar
+  height 100%
+  background var(--good)
+  transition width 0.2s ease
+
+.qrScannerError
+  color var(--bad)
+  font-size 12px
+  text-align center
+  margin-top 10px
+  padding 0 20px
+
+.qrScannerInstructions
+  font-size 11px
+  text-align center
+  color var(--outerspace08)
+  margin-top 12px
+  padding 0 20px
diff --git a/app/dash/Accounts/index.js b/app/dash/Accounts/index.js
index 5b1d56f546..77d46d422a 100644
--- a/app/dash/Accounts/index.js
+++ b/app/dash/Accounts/index.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import Signer from '../Signer'
 
 import AddHardware from './Add/AddHardware'
 import AddHardwareLattice from './Add/AddHardwareLattice'
+import AddHardwareQR from './Add/AddHardwareQR'
 import AddPhrase from './Add/AddPhrase'
 import AddRing from './Add/AddRing'
 import AddKeystore from './Add/AddKeystore'
@@ -69,6 +70,13 @@ class AddAccounts extends React.Component {
       </div>
     )
   }
+  renderAddQR() {
+    return (
+      <div className='addAccounts cardShow'>
+        <AddHardwareQR type={'qr'} close={this.props.close} />
+      </div>
+    )
+  }
   renderAddGnosis() {
     return <div className='addAccounts cardShow'>{'Add Gnosis'}</div>
   }
@@ -97,6 +105,10 @@ class AddAccounts extends React.Component {
           <div className='accountTypeSelectIcon'>{svg.trezor(20)}</div>
           <div>{'Trezor Device'}</div>
         </div>
+        <div className='accountTypeSelect' onClick={() => this.createNewAccount('qr')}>
+          <div className='accountTypeSelectIcon'>{svg.qr(20)}</div>
+          <div>{'QR Device'}</div>
+        </div>
         <div className='accountTypeSelect' onClick={() => this.createNewAccount('seed')}>
           <div className='accountTypeSelectIcon'>{svg.seedling(25)}</div>
           <div>{'Seed Phrase'}</div>
@@ -125,6 +137,8 @@ class AddAccounts extends React.Component {
       return this.renderAddTrezor()
     } else if (newAccountType === 'lattice') {
       return this.renderAddLattice()
+    } else if (newAccountType === 'qr') {
+      return this.renderAddQR()
     } else if (newAccountType === 'seed') {
       return this.renderAddSeed({ accountData })
     } else if (newAccountType === 'keyring') {
@@ -151,7 +165,12 @@ class Dash extends React.Component {
     const hardwareSigners = Object.keys(this.store('main.signers'))
       .map((s) => {
         const signer = this.store('main.signers', s)
-        if (signer.type === 'ledger' || signer.type === 'trezor' || signer.type === 'lattice') {
+        if (
+          signer.type === 'ledger' ||
+          signer.type === 'trezor' ||
+          signer.type === 'lattice' ||
+          signer.type === 'qr'
+        ) {
           return signer
         } else {
           return false
diff --git a/app/dash/Command/index.js b/app/dash/Command/index.js
index defa205380..1a1bd1bd83 100644
--- a/app/dash/Command/index.js
+++ b/app/dash/Command/index.js
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ class Command extends React.Component {
       return <div className='expandedSignerIcon'>{svg.flame(23)}</div>
     } else if (type === 'lattice') {
       return <div className='expandedSignerIcon'>{svg.lattice(22)}</div>
+    } else if (type === 'qr') {
+      return <div className='expandedSignerIcon'>{svg.qr(20)}</div>
     } else {
       return <div className='expandedSignerIcon'>{svg.logo(20)}</div>
     }
diff --git a/app/dash/Signer/index.js b/app/dash/Signer/index.js
index 8d19d2cb9a..c65315c017 100644
--- a/app/dash/Signer/index.js
+++ b/app/dash/Signer/index.js
@@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ class Signer extends React.Component {
   }
 
   getStatus() {
-    return (this.props.status || '').toLowerCase()
+    const signer = this.store('main.signers', this.props.id)
+    return (signer?.status || this.props.status || '').toLowerCase()
   }
 
   status() {
@@ -279,6 +280,8 @@ class Signer extends React.Component {
                   return <div className='signerIconWrap signerIconHot'>{svg.flame(23)}</div>
                 if (type === 'lattice')
                   return <div className='signerIconWrap signerIconSmart'>{svg.lattice(22)}</div>
+                if (type === 'qr')
+                  return <div className='signerIconWrap signerIconHardware'>{svg.qr(20)}</div>
                 return <div className='signerIconWrap'>{svg.logo(20)}</div>
               })()}
             </div>
diff --git a/app/tray/Account/Requests/QRSignRequest/index.js b/app/tray/Account/Requests/QRSignRequest/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcbbe4e86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/tray/Account/Requests/QRSignRequest/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+import React from 'react'
+import Restore from 'react-restore'
+import QRCode from 'qrcode'
+
+import link from '../../../../../resources/link'
+import QRScanner from '../../../../dash/Accounts/Add/AddHardwareQR/QRScanner'
+
+class QRSignRequest extends React.Component {
+  constructor(...args) {
+    super(...args)
+    this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+    this.state = {
+      mode: 'display', // 'display' | 'scan'
+      qrReady: false,
+      error: null,
+      scanError: null,
+      scanAttempts: 0,
+      submittingSignature: false,
+      urFrames: [],
+      currentFrame: 0,
+      animationInterval: null,
+      currentRequestId: null
+    }
+    this.canvasRef = React.createRef()
+
+    // Bind callbacks for stable references
+    this.handleScan = this.onSignatureScanned.bind(this)
+    this.handleError = this.onScanError.bind(this)
+    this.handleCancel = this.onScanCancel.bind(this)
+  }
+
+  componentDidMount() {
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+
+    // Validate sign request has required data
+    if (signRequest && (!signRequest.requestId || !signRequest.urData)) {
+      console.warn('QRSignRequest: Invalid sign request, clearing')
+      link.rpc('cancelQRSignRequest', signRequest.signerId, 'Invalid sign request', () => {})
+      return
+    }
+
+    this.generateQR()
+  }
+
+  componentDidUpdate() {
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+
+    if (!signRequest) return
+
+    // If this is a new request, reset state and generate new QR
+    if (signRequest.requestId !== this.state.currentRequestId) {
+      if (this.state.animationInterval) {
+        clearInterval(this.state.animationInterval)
+      }
+      this.setState(
+        {
+          mode: 'display',
+          qrReady: false,
+          error: null,
+          scanError: null,
+          scanAttempts: 0,
+          submittingSignature: false,
+          urFrames: [],
+          currentFrame: 0,
+          animationInterval: null,
+          currentRequestId: signRequest.requestId
+        },
+        () => {
+          this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+          this.generateQR()
+        }
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  componentWillUnmount() {
+    if (this.state.animationInterval) {
+      clearInterval(this.state.animationInterval)
+    }
+    this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+
+    // Cancel any pending sign request to clear ALL stale state
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+    if (signRequest && signRequest.signerId) {
+      link.rpc('cancelQRSignRequest', signRequest.signerId, 'Component unmounted', () => {})
+    }
+  }
+
+  async generateQR() {
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+    if (!signRequest) return
+
+    try {
+      // Use pre-encoded UR data from the main process
+      const qrData = signRequest.urData
+      if (!qrData) {
+        throw new Error('No UR data in sign request')
+      }
+
+      // Handle animated QR codes (multiple frames)
+      if (signRequest.animated && signRequest.frames && signRequest.frames.length > 1) {
+        // Use callback to ensure state is set before starting animation
+        this.setState({ urFrames: signRequest.frames, currentFrame: 0 }, () => {
+          this.startAnimation()
+        })
+      } else {
+        // Single QR code
+        const canvas = this.canvasRef.current
+        if (canvas) {
+          await QRCode.toCanvas(canvas, qrData, {
+            width: 340,
+            margin: 3,
+            color: {
+              dark: '#000000',
+              light: '#ffffff'
+            },
+            errorCorrectionLevel: 'M'
+          })
+          this.setState({ qrReady: true })
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.setState({ error: err.message || 'Failed to generate QR' })
+    }
+  }
+
+  startAnimation() {
+    const { urFrames } = this.state
+    if (!urFrames || urFrames.length === 0) return
+
+    // Animate through frames at 15 FPS (~67ms interval)
+    const interval = setInterval(async () => {
+      const { currentFrame, urFrames } = this.state
+      const nextFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % urFrames.length
+
+      const canvas = this.canvasRef.current
+      if (canvas) {
+        await QRCode.toCanvas(canvas, urFrames[nextFrame], {
+          width: 340,
+          margin: 3,
+          color: {
+            dark: '#000000',
+            light: '#ffffff'
+          },
+          errorCorrectionLevel: 'M'
+        })
+      }
+
+      this.setState({ currentFrame: nextFrame, qrReady: true })
+    }, 67)
+
+    this.setState({ animationInterval: interval, qrReady: true })
+
+    // Draw first frame immediately
+    const canvas = this.canvasRef.current
+    if (canvas && urFrames[0]) {
+      QRCode.toCanvas(canvas, urFrames[0], {
+        width: 340,
+        margin: 3,
+        color: {
+          dark: '#000000',
+          light: '#ffffff'
+        },
+        errorCorrectionLevel: 'M'
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  startScanning() {
+    if (this.state.animationInterval) {
+      clearInterval(this.state.animationInterval)
+    }
+    this.setState((prevState) => ({
+      mode: 'scan',
+      animationInterval: null,
+      scanError: null,
+      submittingSignature: false,
+      scanAttempts: prevState.scanAttempts + 1
+    }))
+  }
+
+  returnToDisplay() {
+    this.setState({ mode: 'display', qrReady: false, scanError: null, submittingSignature: false }, () => {
+      this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+      this.generateQR()
+    })
+  }
+
+  formatRpcError(err) {
+    if (!err) return 'Unknown signature scan error'
+
+    const rawMessage = typeof err === 'string' ? err : err.message || ''
+    if (!rawMessage) {
+      return 'Failed to submit scanned signature'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.includes('Signature verification failed')) {
+      return 'Signature does not match this request. Re-scan the latest request QR and sign again.'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.includes('attempts=')) {
+      return 'Signature does not match this request. Re-scan the latest request QR and sign again.'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.includes('requestId mismatch')) {
+      return 'Scanned signature is for a different request. Scan the latest signature QR from your device.'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.includes('missing requestId')) {
+      return 'Signature QR is missing request metadata. Please sign from the latest request QR.'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.includes('Invalid signature')) {
+      return 'Signature QR data is invalid. Re-sign on your device and scan again.'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.includes('No pending QR sign request')) {
+      return 'No active QR signing request. Restart signing from the beginning.'
+    }
+
+    if (rawMessage.length > 220) {
+      return `${rawMessage.slice(0, 217)}...`
+    }
+
+    return rawMessage
+  }
+
+  onSignatureScanned(urData) {
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+    if (!signRequest || this.isSubmittingSignature || this.state.submittingSignature) return
+
+    this.isSubmittingSignature = true
+    this.setState({ submittingSignature: true, scanError: null })
+    link.rpc('submitQRSignature', signRequest.signerId, urData, (err) => {
+      if (err) {
+        this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+        this.setState((prevState) => ({
+          submittingSignature: false,
+          scanError: this.formatRpcError(err),
+          scanAttempts: prevState.scanAttempts + 1
+        }))
+        return
+      }
+
+      this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+      this.setState({ submittingSignature: false, scanError: null })
+    })
+  }
+
+  onScanError(_error) {
+    this.setState({ scanError: _error || 'Scanner error' })
+  }
+
+  onScanCancel() {
+    this.isSubmittingSignature = false
+    this.returnToDisplay()
+  }
+
+  cancel() {
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+    if (!signRequest) return
+
+    link.rpc('cancelQRSignRequest', signRequest.signerId, 'User cancelled', () => {})
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    const signRequest = this.store('main.qr.signRequest')
+
+    if (!signRequest) return null
+
+    const signerName = this.store('main.signers', signRequest.signerId, 'name') || 'QR Device'
+    return (
+      <div className='qrSignRequestOverlay'>
+        <div className='qrSignRequestModal'>
+          <div className='qrSignRequestHeader'>
+            <div className='qrSignRequestTitle'>Sign with {signerName}</div>
+            <div className='qrSignRequestType'>
+              {signRequest.type === 'transaction' && 'Transaction'}
+              {signRequest.type === 'message' && 'Message'}
+              {signRequest.type === 'typedData' && 'Typed Data'}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <div className='qrSignRequestContent'>
+            {this.state.mode === 'display' ? (
+              <>
+                <div className='qrSignRequestQR'>
+                  <canvas ref={this.canvasRef} style={{ display: this.state.qrReady ? 'block' : 'none' }} />
+                  {!this.state.qrReady && !this.state.error && (
+                    <div className='qrSignRequestLoading'>Generating QR...</div>
+                  )}
+                  {this.state.error && <div className='qrSignRequestLoading'>Error: {this.state.error}</div>}
+                </div>
+
+                <div className='qrSignRequestInstructions'>
+                  <div className='qrSignRequestStep'>1. Scan this QR code with your {signerName}</div>
+                  <div className='qrSignRequestStep'>
+                    2. Review and approve the transaction on your device
+                  </div>
+                  <div className='qrSignRequestStep'>
+                    3. Click &quot;Scan Signature&quot; and scan the signed QR
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div className='qrSignRequestActions'>
+                  <div
+                    className='qrSignRequestButton qrSignRequestButtonPrimary'
+                    onClick={() => this.startScanning()}
+                  >
+                    Scan Signature
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    className='qrSignRequestButton qrSignRequestButtonSecondary'
+                    onClick={() => this.cancel()}
+                  >
+                    Cancel
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              <QRScanner
+                key={this.state.scanAttempts}
+                onScan={this.handleScan}
+                onError={this.handleError}
+                onCancel={this.handleCancel}
+                title='Scan signed QR response'
+                instructions='Scan the signature QR shown by your hardware wallet.'
+                externalError={this.state.scanError}
+              />
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+export default Restore.connect(QRSignRequest)
diff --git a/app/tray/Account/Requests/style/index.styl b/app/tray/Account/Requests/style/index.styl
index ee74bdfbef..0c16af8803 100644
--- a/app/tray/Account/Requests/style/index.styl
+++ b/app/tray/Account/Requests/style/index.styl
@@ -2222,6 +2222,188 @@ span
     max-width fit-content
     position relative
 
+// QR Sign Request Overlay
+.qrSignRequestOverlay
+  position fixed
+  top 0
+  left 0
+  right 0
+  bottom 0
+  background rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)
+  z-index 99999999999
+  display flex
+  justify-content center
+  align-items center
+  animation fadeIn 0.2s ease-out
+
+.qrSignRequestModal
+  background var(--ghostA)
+  border-radius 24px
+  padding 24px
+  width 320px
+  box-shadow 0px 20px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)
+
+.qrSignRequestHeader
+  text-align center
+  margin-bottom 20px
+
+.qrSignRequestTitle
+  font-size 18px
+  font-weight 400
+  margin-bottom 4px
+
+.qrSignRequestType
+  font-size 12px
+  text-transform uppercase
+  letter-spacing 2px
+  color var(--outerspace08)
+
+.qrSignRequestContent
+  display flex
+  flex-direction column
+  align-items center
+
+.qrSignRequestQR
+  background white
+  padding 16px
+  border-radius 12px
+  margin-bottom 20px
+
+  img
+    display block
+    width 280px
+    height 280px
+
+.qrSignRequestLoading
+  width 280px
+  height 280px
+  display flex
+  justify-content center
+  align-items center
+  color var(--outerspace08)
+
+.qrSignRequestInstructions
+  text-align center
+  margin-bottom 24px
+
+.qrSignRequestStep
+  font-size 12px
+  color var(--outerspace08)
+  margin-bottom 8px
+  line-height 1.4
+
+.qrSignRequestActions
+  display flex
+  flex-direction column
+  gap 10px
+  width 100%
+
+.qrSignRequestButton
+  height 44px
+  border-radius 22px
+  display flex
+  justify-content center
+  align-items center
+  cursor pointer
+  font-size 14px
+  font-weight 400
+  text-transform uppercase
+  letter-spacing 1px
+  transition var(--standard)
+
+.qrSignRequestButtonPrimary
+  background var(--good)
+  color var(--spacewhite)
+
+.qrSignRequestButtonPrimary:hover
+  background var(--goodOver)
+
+.qrSignRequestButtonSecondary
+  background var(--ghostB)
+  color var(--outerspace)
+
+.qrSignRequestButtonSecondary:hover
+  background var(--ghostC)
+
+// QR Scanner styles (for signature scanning mode)
+.qrScannerContainer
+  display flex
+  flex-direction column
+  align-items center
+  justify-content flex-start
+  width 100%
+  padding 10px
+  box-sizing border-box
+
+.qrScannerTitle
+  font-size 14px
+  font-weight 400
+  margin-bottom 12px
+  text-align center
+
+.qrScannerVideo
+  width 100%
+  max-width 280px
+  display flex
+  justify-content center
+  align-items center
+  border-radius 12px
+  overflow hidden
+  background var(--ghostZ)
+
+  video
+    width 100%
+    border-radius 12px
+
+.qrScannerProgress
+  width 100%
+  max-width 280px
+  height 4px
+  background var(--ghostZ)
+  border-radius 2px
+  margin-top 10px
+  overflow hidden
+
+.qrScannerProgressBar
+  height 100%
+  background var(--good)
+  transition width 0.2s ease
+
+.qrScannerError
+  color var(--bad)
+  font-size 12px
+  text-align center
+  margin-top 10px
+  padding 0 20px
+
+.qrScannerInstructions
+  font-size 11px
+  text-align center
+  color var(--outerspace08)
+  margin-top 12px
+  padding 0 20px
+
+// Cancel button for QR scanner in tray context
+.qrScannerContainer .addAccountItemOptionSubmit
+  height 44px
+  border-radius 22px
+  padding 0px 40px
+  margin-top 20px
+  display flex
+  text-align center
+  justify-content center
+  align-items center
+  cursor pointer
+  background var(--ghostB)
+  font-size 14px
+  font-weight 400
+  text-transform uppercase
+  letter-spacing 1px
+  transition var(--standard)
+
+.qrScannerContainer .addAccountItemOptionSubmit:hover
+  background var(--ghostC)
+
 @import './next'
 @import '../TransactionRequest/style'
 @import '../ChainRequest/style'
diff --git a/app/tray/Account/Signer/SignerPreview/index.js b/app/tray/Account/Signer/SignerPreview/index.js
index b8dd966ac8..7b208bf390 100644
--- a/app/tray/Account/Signer/SignerPreview/index.js
+++ b/app/tray/Account/Signer/SignerPreview/index.js
@@ -85,6 +85,13 @@ class Signer extends React.Component {
           <div>{'Hot'}</div>
         </div>
       )
+    } else if (type === 'qr') {
+      return (
+        <div className='moduleItemSignerType'>
+          <div className='moduleItemIcon'>{svg.qr(16)}</div>
+          <div>{'QR Hardware'}</div>
+        </div>
+      )
     } else {
       return (
         <div className='moduleItemSignerType'>
diff --git a/app/tray/AccountSelector/AccountController/index.js b/app/tray/AccountSelector/AccountController/index.js
index b587f92211..889c46d951 100644
--- a/app/tray/AccountSelector/AccountController/index.js
+++ b/app/tray/AccountSelector/AccountController/index.js
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@ class Account extends React.Component {
             return <div className='signerSelectIconWrap'>{svg.flame(25)}</div>
           if (type === 'lattice')
             return <div className='signerSelectIconWrap signerIconSmart'>{svg.lattice(26)}</div>
+          if (type === 'qr')
+            return <div className='signerSelectIconWrap signerIconHardware'>{svg.qr(24)}</div>
           return <div className='signerSelectIconWrap'>{svg.logo(22)}</div>
         })()}
       </div>
diff --git a/app/tray/App.js b/app/tray/App.js
index cb7e63348b..bf8cb32d7c 100644
--- a/app/tray/App.js
+++ b/app/tray/App.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import Account from './Account'
 import Notify from './Notify'
 import Menu from './Menu'
 import Badge from './Badge'
+import QRSignRequest from './Account/Requests/QRSignRequest'
 
 import Backdrop from './Backdrop'
 import AccountSelector from './AccountSelector'
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ class Panel extends React.Component {
         <Menu />
         <AccountSelector />
         <Account />
+        <QRSignRequest />
         <Backdrop />
         <Footer />
       </div>
diff --git a/main/accounts/Account/index.ts b/main/accounts/Account/index.ts
index 065ae98ca3..c8e3b52634 100644
--- a/main/accounts/Account/index.ts
+++ b/main/accounts/Account/index.ts
@@ -106,10 +106,13 @@ class FrameAccount {
       const updatedSigner = this.findSigner(this.address)
 
       if (updatedSigner) {
-        if (this.signer !== updatedSigner.id || this.signerStatus !== updatedSigner.status) {
-          this.signer = updatedSigner.id
-          const signerType = getSignerType(updatedSigner.type)
+        const signerType = getSignerType(updatedSigner.type)
+        const signerChanged = this.signer !== updatedSigner.id
+        const statusChanged = this.signerStatus !== updatedSigner.status
+        const typeChanged = signerType && this.lastSignerType !== signerType
 
+        if (signerChanged || statusChanged || typeChanged) {
+          this.signer = updatedSigner.id
           this.lastSignerType = signerType || this.lastSignerType
           this.signerStatus = updatedSigner.status
 
@@ -552,10 +555,12 @@ class FrameAccount {
 
   signTransaction(rawTx: TransactionData, cb: Callback<string>) {
     // if(index === typeof 'object' && cb === typeof 'undefined' && typeof rawTx === 'function') cb = rawTx; rawTx = index; index = 0;
+    log.info(`signTransaction: account=${this.address}, signer=${this.signer}`)
     this.validateTransaction(rawTx, (err) => {
       if (err) return cb(err)
       if (this.signer) {
         const s = signers.get(this.signer)
+        log.info(`signTransaction: got signer type=${s?.type}, status=${s?.status}`)
         if (!s) return cb(new Error(`Cannot find signer for this account`))
 
         const index = s.addresses.map((a) => a.toLowerCase()).indexOf(this.address)
diff --git a/main/accounts/index.ts b/main/accounts/index.ts
index 91dfd6ad39..06274f4b31 100644
--- a/main/accounts/index.ts
+++ b/main/accounts/index.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { signerCompatibility as transactionCompatibility, maxFee, SignerCompatib
 import { weiIntToEthInt, hexToInt } from '../../resources/utils'
 import { accountPanelCrumb, signerPanelCrumb } from '../../resources/domain/nav'
 import { usesBaseFee, TransactionData, GasFeesSource } from '../../resources/domain/transaction'
-import { findUnavailableSigners, isSignerReady } from '../../resources/domain/signer'
+import { findUnavailableSigners, isSignerReady, getSignerType } from '../../resources/domain/signer'
 
 import {
   AccountRequest,
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ export class Accounts extends EventEmitter {
     return account.getRequest(id)
   }
 
-  async add(address: Address, name = '', options = {}, cb: Callback<FrameAccount> = () => {}) {
+  async add(address: Address, name = '', options: any = {}, cb: Callback<FrameAccount> = () => {}) {
     if (!address) return cb(new Error('No address, will not add account'))
     address = address.toLowerCase()
 
     let account = store('main.accounts', address)
     if (!account) {
-      log.info(`Account ${address} not found, creating account`)
+      log.info(`Account ${address} not found, creating account with options:`, JSON.stringify(options))
 
       const created = 'new:' + Date.now()
       const accountMetaId = uuidv5(address, accountNS)
@@ -137,6 +137,19 @@ export class Accounts extends EventEmitter {
         this
       )
       account = this.accounts[address]
+      log.info(`Account ${address} created with lastSignerType: ${account.lastSignerType}`)
+    } else if (options.type && this.accounts[address]) {
+      // Update lastSignerType if account exists but has a different type
+      const existingAccount = this.accounts[address]
+      const newType = getSignerType(options.type)
+      if (newType && existingAccount.lastSignerType !== newType) {
+        log.info(
+          `Updating account ${address} lastSignerType from ${existingAccount.lastSignerType} to ${newType}`
+        )
+        existingAccount.lastSignerType = newType
+        existingAccount.update()
+      }
+      account = existingAccount
     }
 
     return cb(null, account)
diff --git a/main/rpc/index.js b/main/rpc/index.js
index c71f511472..c45a5b8cc4 100644
--- a/main/rpc/index.js
+++ b/main/rpc/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 const fs = require('fs')
-const { ipcMain } = require('electron')
+const { ipcMain, systemPreferences } = require('electron')
 const log = require('electron-log')
 const { randomBytes } = require('crypto')
 import { isAddress } from '@ethersproject/address'
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ const nebulaApi = require('../nebula').default
 const { arraysEqual, randomLetters } = require('../../resources/utils')
 const { isSignatureRequest } = require('../signatures')
 const { default: TrezorBridge } = require('../../main/signers/trezor/bridge')
+const { default: QRAdapter } = require('../../main/signers/qr/adapter')
+const { parseAccountSyncUR, parseSignatureUR } = require('../../main/signers/qr/ur-utils')
 
 const callbackWhenDone = (fn, cb) => {
   try {
@@ -116,6 +118,73 @@ const rpc = {
       }
     }
   },
+  // Camera Permission
+  async requestCameraAccess(cb) {
+    try {
+      if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+        const status = await systemPreferences.askForMediaAccess('camera')
+        cb(null, { granted: status })
+      } else {
+        // On other platforms, permission is granted through the browser API
+        cb(null, { granted: true })
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      log.error('Failed to request camera access:', e)
+      cb(null, { granted: false, error: e.message })
+    }
+  },
+  // QR Hardware Wallet Methods
+  async importQRDevice(urData, deviceName, cb) {
+    try {
+      // Parse the scanned UR data to extract device info
+      const deviceData = parseAccountSyncUR(urData)
+      deviceData.name = deviceName || deviceData.name || 'QR Wallet'
+
+      // Get the QR adapter
+      const qrAdapter = signers.getAdapter('qr')
+
+      if (!qrAdapter) {
+        return cb(new Error('QR adapter not found'))
+      }
+
+      const signer = await qrAdapter.importDevice(deviceData)
+      cb(null, { id: signer.id, addresses: signer.addresses })
+    } catch (e) {
+      log.error('Failed to import QR device:', e)
+      cb(e.message || 'Failed to import QR device')
+    }
+  },
+  async submitQRSignature(signerId, urData, cb) {
+    try {
+      const { signature, requestIdUuid } = parseSignatureUR(urData)
+
+      const qrAdapter = signers.getAdapter('qr')
+
+      if (!qrAdapter) {
+        return cb(new Error('QR adapter not found'))
+      }
+
+      await qrAdapter.submitSignature(signerId, signature, requestIdUuid)
+      cb(null, { success: true })
+    } catch (e) {
+      log.error('Failed to submit QR signature:', e)
+      cb(e.message || 'Failed to submit signature')
+    }
+  },
+  cancelQRSignRequest(signerId, reason, cb) {
+    try {
+      const qrAdapter = signers.getAdapter('qr')
+
+      if (!qrAdapter) {
+        return cb(new Error('QR adapter not found'))
+      }
+
+      qrAdapter.cancelSignRequest(signerId, reason)
+      cb(null, { success: true })
+    } catch (e) {
+      cb(e.message || 'Failed to cancel sign request')
+    }
+  },
   launchStatus: launch.status,
   providerSend: (payload, cb) => provider.send(payload, cb),
   connectionStatus: (cb) => {
diff --git a/main/signers/index.ts b/main/signers/index.ts
index ff12c9be36..79e780adf0 100644
--- a/main/signers/index.ts
+++ b/main/signers/index.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { SignerAdapter } from './adapters'
 import LedgerAdapter from './ledger/adapter'
 import TrezorAdapter from './trezor/adapter'
 import LatticeAdapter from './lattice/adapter'
+import QRAdapter from './qr/adapter'
 
 import hot from './hot'
 import RingSigner from './hot/RingSigner'
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import HotSigner from './hot/HotSigner'
 
 import store from '../store'
 
-const registeredAdapters = [new LedgerAdapter(), new TrezorAdapter(), new LatticeAdapter()]
+const registeredAdapters = [new LedgerAdapter(), new TrezorAdapter(), new LatticeAdapter(), new QRAdapter()]
 
 interface AdapterSpec {
   [key: string]: {
@@ -159,6 +160,10 @@ class Signers extends EventEmitter {
     return this.signers[id]
   }
 
+  getAdapter(type: string) {
+    return this.adapters[type]?.adapter
+  }
+
   createFromPhrase(mnemonic: string, password: string, cb: Callback<Signer>) {
     hot.createFromPhrase(this, mnemonic, password, cb)
   }
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/QRSigner/index.ts b/main/signers/qr/QRSigner/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e43986f4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/QRSigner/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+import log from 'electron-log'
+import { v5 as uuid } from 'uuid'
+import { hdkey } from 'ethereumjs-wallet'
+import { addHexPrefix, ecrecover, pubToAddress, stripHexPrefix, toChecksumAddress } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+
+import Signer from '../../Signer'
+import { Status, QRDeviceData } from '../types'
+import { normalizeQRDeviceData } from '../ur-utils'
+import { TransactionData } from '../../../../resources/domain/transaction'
+import type { TypedMessage } from '../../../accounts/types'
+import { sign } from '../../../transaction'
+import { buildDerivationCandidates, type QRDerivationStrategy } from '../derivation'
+import { QRSignError, isRecoverableQRSignError } from '../errors'
+import {
+  buildQRTxPayload,
+  computeLegacyRecoveryHash,
+  LEGACY_HASH_MODE_ORDER,
+  QRTxEncodingStrategy,
+  QRTxLegacyHashMode,
+  QRTxLegacyEncoding,
+  serializeSignedLegacyTransaction
+} from '../transaction-utils'
+
+const ns = '7e14f1e3-b8b2-5a12-9a1c-3e5f8c9d0a2b'
+
+const DEFAULT_ADDRESS_LIMIT = 10
+const HARDENED_OFFSET = 0x80000000
+
+export interface ResolvedQRDerivation {
+  index: number
+  strategy: QRDerivationStrategy
+  fullPath: string
+  relativePath: string
+  address: string
+  matchesExpectedAddress: boolean
+}
+
+interface SignatureValidationAttempt {
+  encodingId: 'typed-primary' | QRTxLegacyEncoding
+  hashMode: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+  vMode: 'typed-0-1' | 'legacy-eip155-v' | 'legacy-27-28-v'
+  v: string
+  recoveryIdUsed?: number
+  txHashHint?: string
+  txKeccakHint?: string
+  recoveredAddress?: string
+  error?: string
+}
+
+interface SubmitSignatureOptions {
+  txEncodingStrategy?: QRTxEncodingStrategy
+  txHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+}
+
+interface SubmitSignatureResult {
+  selectedLegacyEncoding?: QRTxLegacyEncoding
+  selectedHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+  recoveryIdFlipped?: boolean
+}
+
+export default class QRSigner extends Signer {
+  // Device metadata
+  profileId: string
+  masterFingerprint: string
+  xpub: string
+  derivationPath: string
+  accountSource?: string
+  childrenPath?: string
+  preferredLegacyEncoding?: QRTxLegacyEncoding
+  preferredLegacyHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+
+  // Address derivation
+  private hdNode: any
+  private resolvedDerivations: { [index: number]: ResolvedQRDerivation } = {}
+  addressLimit: number = DEFAULT_ADDRESS_LIMIT
+
+  // Pending sign request (set when waiting for user to scan QR)
+  private pendingSignRequest: {
+    type: 'transaction' | 'message' | 'typedData'
+    index: number
+    data: any
+    callback: Callback<string>
+    // Store computed payload at QR creation time to prevent mutation issues
+    txPayloadSnapshot?: ReturnType<typeof buildQRTxPayload>
+  } | null = null
+
+  constructor(deviceData: QRDeviceData) {
+    super()
+
+    const normalizedDeviceData = normalizeQRDeviceData(deviceData)
+
+    this.profileId = normalizedDeviceData.profileId
+    this.masterFingerprint = normalizedDeviceData.masterFingerprint
+    this.xpub = normalizedDeviceData.xpub
+    this.derivationPath = normalizedDeviceData.derivationPath
+    this.accountSource = normalizedDeviceData.accountSource
+    this.childrenPath = normalizedDeviceData.childrenPath
+    this.preferredLegacyEncoding = normalizedDeviceData.preferredLegacyEncoding
+    this.preferredLegacyHashMode = normalizedDeviceData.preferredLegacyHashMode
+    this.name = normalizedDeviceData.name
+
+    // Generate unique ID based on profile (fingerprint + xpub/path/source)
+    this.id = uuid('QR' + this.profileId, ns)
+    this.type = 'qr'
+    this.model = 'QR Hardware Wallet'
+    this.status = Status.INITIAL
+  }
+
+  async open() {
+    try {
+      // Clear any stale pending request from previous session
+      if (this.pendingSignRequest) {
+        log.warn('Clearing stale pending sign request in signer on open', {
+          type: this.pendingSignRequest.type,
+          index: this.pendingSignRequest.index
+        })
+        this.pendingSignRequest = null
+      }
+
+      // Initialize HD node from xpub
+      this.hdNode = hdkey.fromExtendedKey(this.xpub)
+
+      // Derive addresses
+      await this.deriveAddresses()
+
+      this.status = Status.OK
+      this.emit('update')
+    } catch (err) {
+      log.error('Failed to open QR signer:', err)
+      this.status = Status.ERROR
+      this.emit('error', err)
+    }
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    this.emit('close')
+    this.removeAllListeners()
+    super.close()
+  }
+
+  delete() {
+    // Clean up any stored data
+    this.hdNode = null
+    this.addresses = []
+    this.resolvedDerivations = {}
+    this.pendingSignRequest = null
+  }
+
+  private async deriveAddresses() {
+    if (!this.hdNode) {
+      throw new Error('HD node not initialized')
+    }
+
+    this.status = Status.DERIVING
+    this.emit('update')
+
+    const derivedAddresses: string[] = []
+    const resolvedDerivations: { [index: number]: ResolvedQRDerivation } = {}
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.addressLimit; i++) {
+      try {
+        const resolved = this.resolveDerivation(i)
+        derivedAddresses.push(resolved.address)
+        resolvedDerivations[i] = resolved
+      } catch (err) {
+        log.error(`Failed to derive address at index ${i}:`, err)
+        break
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.addresses = derivedAddresses
+    this.resolvedDerivations = resolvedDerivations
+    this.status = Status.OK
+    this.emit('update')
+  }
+
+  private parseDerivationComponent(component: string): number {
+    const trimmed = component.trim()
+    if (!trimmed) {
+      throw new Error('Empty derivation path component')
+    }
+
+    const hardened = trimmed.endsWith("'")
+    const rawValue = hardened ? trimmed.slice(0, -1) : trimmed
+    const value = parseInt(rawValue, 10)
+
+    if (!Number.isInteger(value) || value < 0) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid derivation path component: ${component}`)
+    }
+
+    return hardened ? value + HARDENED_OFFSET : value
+  }
+
+  private deriveAddressByRelativePath(relativePath: string): string {
+    if (!this.hdNode) {
+      throw new Error('HD node not initialized')
+    }
+
+    const components = relativePath.split('/').filter(Boolean)
+    const derivedNode = components.reduce((node, component) => {
+      const index = this.parseDerivationComponent(component)
+      return node.deriveChild(index)
+    }, this.hdNode)
+
+    const publicKey = derivedNode.getWallet().getPublicKey()
+    return toChecksumAddress(addHexPrefix(pubToAddress(publicKey).toString('hex')))
+  }
+
+  resolveDerivation(index: number, expectedAddress?: string): ResolvedQRDerivation {
+    const cached = this.resolvedDerivations[index]
+    if (cached) {
+      const matchesExpectedAddress = expectedAddress
+        ? cached.address.toLowerCase() === expectedAddress.toLowerCase()
+        : true
+
+      if (!expectedAddress || matchesExpectedAddress) {
+        return { ...cached, matchesExpectedAddress }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const normalizedExpectedAddress = expectedAddress?.toLowerCase()
+    const candidates = buildDerivationCandidates(this.derivationPath, this.childrenPath, index)
+    const resolvedCandidates = candidates
+      .map((candidate) => {
+        try {
+          const address = this.deriveAddressByRelativePath(candidate.relativePath)
+          return {
+            index,
+            strategy: candidate.strategy,
+            fullPath: candidate.fullPath,
+            relativePath: candidate.relativePath,
+            address,
+            matchesExpectedAddress: normalizedExpectedAddress
+              ? address.toLowerCase() === normalizedExpectedAddress
+              : true
+          }
+        } catch (error) {
+          return null
+        }
+      })
+      .filter(Boolean) as ResolvedQRDerivation[]
+
+    if (resolvedCandidates.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error(`Could not derive any address for QR index ${index}`)
+    }
+
+    if (normalizedExpectedAddress) {
+      const matchedCandidate = resolvedCandidates.find((candidate) => candidate.matchesExpectedAddress)
+      if (matchedCandidate) {
+        this.resolvedDerivations[index] = matchedCandidate
+        return matchedCandidate
+      }
+
+      return {
+        ...resolvedCandidates[0],
+        matchesExpectedAddress: false
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.resolvedDerivations[index] = resolvedCandidates[0]
+    return resolvedCandidates[0]
+  }
+
+  private orderLegacyCandidates(
+    encodingCandidates: NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof buildQRTxPayload>['legacyCandidates']>,
+    preferredEncoding?: QRTxLegacyEncoding
+  ) {
+    // If no preference, keep the default order (legacy-unsigned first)
+    if (!preferredEncoding) return encodingCandidates
+
+    return [...encodingCandidates].sort((left, right) => {
+      if (left.encodingId === preferredEncoding && right.encodingId !== preferredEncoding) return -1
+      if (right.encodingId === preferredEncoding && left.encodingId !== preferredEncoding) return 1
+      return 0
+    })
+  }
+
+  private orderHashModes(preferredHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode): QRTxLegacyHashMode[] {
+    if (!preferredHashMode) return LEGACY_HASH_MODE_ORDER
+
+    const ordered = [preferredHashMode]
+    LEGACY_HASH_MODE_ORDER.forEach((mode) => {
+      if (!ordered.includes(mode)) ordered.push(mode)
+    })
+
+    return ordered
+  }
+
+  private recoverLegacySignatureAddress(
+    txHash: Buffer,
+    r: Buffer,
+    s: Buffer,
+    recoveryId: number,
+    chainId: number,
+    vMode: 'legacy-eip155-v' | 'legacy-27-28-v'
+  ): { vHex: string; recoveredAddress: string } {
+    const vValue =
+      vMode === 'legacy-eip155-v'
+        ? BigInt(chainId) * BigInt(2) + BigInt(35) + BigInt(recoveryId)
+        : BigInt(27 + recoveryId)
+
+    const recoveredPublicKey =
+      vMode === 'legacy-eip155-v'
+        ? ecrecover(txHash, vValue, r, s, BigInt(chainId))
+        : ecrecover(txHash, vValue, r, s)
+
+    return {
+      vHex: vValue.toString(16),
+      recoveredAddress: addHexPrefix(pubToAddress(recoveredPublicKey).toString('hex')).toLowerCase()
+    }
+  }
+
+  private startTransactionSignRequest(index: number, rawTx: TransactionData, cb: Callback<string>) {
+    const address = this.addresses[index]
+    if (!address) {
+      return cb(new Error(`No address at index ${index}`), undefined)
+    }
+
+    // Compute and store payload snapshot at QR creation time.
+    // This prevents verification failures when transaction data (gasPrice, nonce)
+    // is mutated after the QR is shown but before the signature is submitted.
+    const txPayloadSnapshot = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx, {
+      preferredLegacyEncoding: this.preferredLegacyEncoding,
+      preferredLegacyHashMode: this.preferredLegacyHashMode
+    })
+
+    this.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index,
+      data: { rawTx, address },
+      callback: cb,
+      txPayloadSnapshot
+    }
+
+    this.status = Status.AWAITING_SIGNATURE
+    this.emit('update')
+    this.emit('sign-request', {
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index,
+      address,
+      transaction: rawTx,
+      // Include pre-built payload - ensures byte consistency with verification
+      txPayload: {
+        signData: txPayloadSnapshot.signData,
+        isTypedTransaction: txPayloadSnapshot.isTypedTransaction,
+        chainId: txPayloadSnapshot.chainId,
+        txType: txPayloadSnapshot.txType,
+        txEncodingStrategy: txPayloadSnapshot.txEncodingStrategy,
+        txHashMode: txPayloadSnapshot.txHashMode,
+        txHashHint: txPayloadSnapshot.txHashHint,
+        txKeccakHint: txPayloadSnapshot.txKeccakHint
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  verifyAddress(index: number, currentAddress: string, display: boolean, cb: Callback<boolean>) {
+    // For QR signers, we can only verify by matching the derived address
+    // The actual verification would need to be done on the device
+    const address = this.addresses[index]
+
+    if (!address) {
+      return cb(new Error(`No address at index ${index}`), undefined)
+    }
+
+    const matches = address.toLowerCase() === currentAddress.toLowerCase()
+
+    if (!matches) {
+      return cb(new Error('Address does not match derived address'), undefined)
+    }
+
+    // For display verification, emit an event that the UI can handle
+    // to show a QR code for the user to verify on their device
+    if (display) {
+      this.emit('verify-address', { index, address })
+    }
+
+    cb(null, true)
+  }
+
+  signMessage(index: number, message: string, cb: Callback<string>) {
+    // Clear stale pending request instead of blocking
+    if (this.pendingSignRequest) {
+      log.warn('Clearing stale pending sign request in signer', {
+        oldType: this.pendingSignRequest.type,
+        oldIndex: this.pendingSignRequest.index
+      })
+      // Don't call callback for old request - it's abandoned
+      this.pendingSignRequest = null
+      this.status = Status.OK
+    }
+
+    const address = this.addresses[index]
+    if (!address) {
+      return cb(new Error(`No address at index ${index}`), undefined)
+    }
+
+    // Store the pending request and emit event for UI to display QR
+    this.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'message',
+      index,
+      data: { message, address },
+      callback: cb
+    }
+
+    this.status = Status.AWAITING_SIGNATURE
+    this.emit('update')
+    this.emit('sign-request', {
+      type: 'message',
+      index,
+      address,
+      message
+    })
+  }
+
+  signTransaction(index: number, rawTx: TransactionData, cb: Callback<string>) {
+    // Clear stale pending request instead of blocking
+    if (this.pendingSignRequest) {
+      log.warn('Clearing stale pending sign request in signer', {
+        oldType: this.pendingSignRequest.type,
+        oldIndex: this.pendingSignRequest.index
+      })
+      // Don't call callback for old request - it's abandoned
+      this.pendingSignRequest = null
+      this.status = Status.OK
+    }
+
+    this.startTransactionSignRequest(index, rawTx, cb)
+  }
+
+  signTypedData(index: number, typedMessage: TypedMessage, cb: Callback<string>) {
+    // Clear stale pending request instead of blocking
+    if (this.pendingSignRequest) {
+      log.warn('Clearing stale pending sign request in signer', {
+        oldType: this.pendingSignRequest.type,
+        oldIndex: this.pendingSignRequest.index
+      })
+      // Don't call callback for old request - it's abandoned
+      this.pendingSignRequest = null
+      this.status = Status.OK
+    }
+
+    const address = this.addresses[index]
+    if (!address) {
+      return cb(new Error(`No address at index ${index}`), undefined)
+    }
+
+    // Store the pending request and emit event for UI to display QR
+    this.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'typedData',
+      index,
+      data: { typedMessage, address },
+      callback: cb
+    }
+
+    this.status = Status.AWAITING_SIGNATURE
+    this.emit('update')
+    this.emit('sign-request', {
+      type: 'typedData',
+      index,
+      address,
+      typedData: typedMessage
+    })
+  }
+
+  // Called by UI when user has scanned the signature QR from their device
+  async submitSignature(
+    signature: string,
+    options: SubmitSignatureOptions = {}
+  ): Promise<SubmitSignatureResult> {
+    if (!this.pendingSignRequest) {
+      throw new QRSignError('No pending QR sign request', 'QR_NO_PENDING_REQUEST')
+    }
+
+    const { type, data } = this.pendingSignRequest
+    const callback = this.pendingSignRequest.callback
+
+    try {
+      if (type === 'transaction') {
+        const rawTx = data.rawTx as TransactionData
+        const expectedAddress = (rawTx.from || data.address) as string
+        const expectedAddressLower = expectedAddress.toLowerCase()
+
+        // Validate expected address matches derived address at this index
+        const derivedAddress = this.addresses[this.pendingSignRequest.index]
+        if (derivedAddress && derivedAddress.toLowerCase() !== expectedAddressLower) {
+          log.error('Expected address mismatch: rawTx.from differs from derived address', {
+            rawTxFrom: rawTx.from,
+            derivedAddress,
+            index: this.pendingSignRequest.index
+          })
+        }
+
+        // Validate the txPayloadSnapshot exists and has legacyCandidates for legacy tx
+        const txPayload = this.pendingSignRequest.txPayloadSnapshot
+        if (!txPayload) {
+          throw new QRSignError('Missing transaction payload snapshot', 'QR_MISSING_PAYLOAD_SNAPSHOT')
+        }
+
+        if (
+          txPayload.txType === 0 &&
+          (!txPayload.legacyCandidates || txPayload.legacyCandidates.length === 0)
+        ) {
+          log.error('Legacy transaction missing legacyCandidates in txPayloadSnapshot')
+          throw new QRSignError('Transaction payload corrupted', 'QR_PAYLOAD_CORRUPTED')
+        }
+
+        // Buffer integrity diagnostic: compare stored signDataBytes against hex-derived bytes
+        if (txPayload.legacyCandidates) {
+          for (const candidate of txPayload.legacyCandidates) {
+            const freshBytes = Buffer.from(stripHexPrefix(candidate.signData), 'hex')
+            if (!candidate.signDataBytes.equals(freshBytes as Uint8Array)) {
+              log.error('CRITICAL: signDataBytes buffer has been mutated since snapshot creation', {
+                encodingId: candidate.encodingId,
+                storedLength: candidate.signDataBytes.length,
+                freshLength: freshBytes.length,
+                storedPrefix: candidate.signDataBytes.slice(0, 16).toString('hex'),
+                freshPrefix: freshBytes.slice(0, 16).toString('hex')
+              })
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        const sigHex = stripHexPrefix(signature)
+
+        if (sigHex.length !== 130 || !/^[0-9a-fA-F]+$/.test(sigHex)) {
+          throw new QRSignError(
+            'Invalid signature format: expected 65-byte hex payload',
+            'QR_SIGNATURE_INVALID_FORMAT'
+          )
+        }
+
+        const r = sigHex.slice(0, 64)
+        const s = sigHex.slice(64, 128)
+        const rBuffer = Buffer.from(r, 'hex')
+        const sBuffer = Buffer.from(s, 'hex')
+        const vRaw = parseInt(sigHex.slice(128, 130), 16)
+
+        if (Number.isNaN(vRaw)) {
+          throw new QRSignError('Invalid signature recovery byte', 'QR_SIGNATURE_INVALID_RECOVERY')
+        }
+
+        const recoveryId = vRaw >= 27 ? vRaw - 27 : vRaw
+        if (recoveryId !== 0 && recoveryId !== 1) {
+          throw new QRSignError(`Invalid signature recovery value: ${vRaw}`, 'QR_SIGNATURE_INVALID_RECOVERY')
+        }
+
+        const requestedLegacyEncoding =
+          options.txEncodingStrategy === 'legacy-eip155-unsigned' ||
+          options.txEncodingStrategy === 'legacy-unsigned'
+            ? options.txEncodingStrategy
+            : this.preferredLegacyEncoding
+        const requestedLegacyHashMode =
+          options.txHashMode === 'keccak' ||
+          options.txHashMode === 'sha256' ||
+          options.txHashMode === 'identity32'
+            ? options.txHashMode
+            : this.preferredLegacyHashMode
+
+        // txPayload was already validated above - extract needed fields
+        const { cleanTxData, txType, chainId } = txPayload
+
+        const validationAttempts: SignatureValidationAttempt[] = []
+
+        if (txType >= 1) {
+          const typedV = recoveryId.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+          const signedTx = await sign(cleanTxData, async () => ({
+            r,
+            s,
+            v: typedV
+          }))
+          const recoveredAddress = signedTx.getSenderAddress().toString().toLowerCase()
+          validationAttempts.push({
+            encodingId: 'typed-primary',
+            hashMode: 'keccak',
+            vMode: 'typed-0-1',
+            v: typedV,
+            txHashHint: txPayload.txHashHint,
+            txKeccakHint: txPayload.txKeccakHint,
+            recoveredAddress
+          })
+
+          if (recoveredAddress !== expectedAddressLower) {
+            log.warn('QR transaction signature mismatch (typed)', {
+              expectedAddress,
+              attempts: validationAttempts
+            })
+            throw new QRSignError(
+              `Signature verification failed: expected ${expectedAddress}`,
+              'QR_SIGNATURE_ADDRESS_MISMATCH'
+            )
+          }
+
+          const serializedTx = addHexPrefix(signedTx.serialize().toString('hex'))
+          this.completePendingRequest()
+          callback(null, serializedTx)
+          return {}
+        }
+
+        const legacyCandidates = txPayload.legacyCandidates || []
+        const orderedLegacyCandidates = this.orderLegacyCandidates(legacyCandidates, requestedLegacyEncoding)
+        const orderedHashModes = this.orderHashModes(requestedLegacyHashMode)
+        let selectedEncoding: QRTxLegacyEncoding | null = null
+        let selectedHashMode: QRTxLegacyHashMode | null = null
+        let selectedVMode: SignatureValidationAttempt['vMode'] | null = null
+        let selectedVHex: string | null = null
+        let recoveryIdWasFlipped = false
+        // Try both the signature's recovery id and the alternative (flipped) recovery id.
+        // Some QR hardware wallets (e.g. Keycard Shell) may return a v byte where the
+        // recovery id convention differs from what Frame expects.
+        const recoveryIdsToTry = [recoveryId, 1 - recoveryId]
+
+        for (const encodingCandidate of orderedLegacyCandidates) {
+          // Re-derive bytes from hex string (ground truth) rather than using stored Buffer
+          // This ensures byte-for-byte equivalence with what was sent to the hardware wallet
+          const verificationBytes = Buffer.from(stripHexPrefix(encodingCandidate.signData), 'hex')
+
+          for (const hashMode of orderedHashModes) {
+            let txHash: Buffer
+            try {
+              txHash = computeLegacyRecoveryHash(verificationBytes, hashMode)
+            } catch (hashError) {
+              validationAttempts.push({
+                encodingId: encodingCandidate.encodingId,
+                hashMode,
+                vMode: 'legacy-eip155-v',
+                v: 'n/a',
+                txHashHint: encodingCandidate.hashHint,
+                txKeccakHint: encodingCandidate.keccakHint,
+                error: (hashError as Error).message
+              })
+              continue
+            }
+
+            const vModes: Array<'legacy-eip155-v' | 'legacy-27-28-v'> = ['legacy-eip155-v', 'legacy-27-28-v']
+
+            for (const vMode of vModes) {
+              for (const tryRecoveryId of recoveryIdsToTry) {
+                try {
+                  const result = this.recoverLegacySignatureAddress(
+                    txHash,
+                    rBuffer,
+                    sBuffer,
+                    tryRecoveryId,
+                    chainId,
+                    vMode
+                  )
+
+                  validationAttempts.push({
+                    encodingId: encodingCandidate.encodingId,
+                    hashMode,
+                    vMode,
+                    v: result.vHex,
+                    recoveryIdUsed: tryRecoveryId,
+                    txHashHint: encodingCandidate.hashHint,
+                    txKeccakHint: encodingCandidate.keccakHint,
+                    recoveredAddress: result.recoveredAddress
+                  })
+
+                  if (result.recoveredAddress === expectedAddressLower) {
+                    selectedEncoding = encodingCandidate.encodingId
+                    selectedHashMode = hashMode
+                    selectedVMode = vMode
+                    selectedVHex = result.vHex
+                    recoveryIdWasFlipped = tryRecoveryId !== recoveryId
+
+                    if (recoveryIdWasFlipped) {
+                      log.warn('QR signature matched with FLIPPED recovery id', {
+                        signatureRecoveryId: recoveryId,
+                        matchedRecoveryId: tryRecoveryId,
+                        encoding: encodingCandidate.encodingId,
+                        hashMode,
+                        vMode
+                      })
+                    }
+                    break
+                  }
+                } catch (error) {
+                  validationAttempts.push({
+                    encodingId: encodingCandidate.encodingId,
+                    hashMode,
+                    vMode,
+                    v:
+                      vMode === 'legacy-eip155-v'
+                        ? (chainId * 2 + 35 + tryRecoveryId).toString(16)
+                        : (27 + tryRecoveryId).toString(16),
+                    recoveryIdUsed: tryRecoveryId,
+                    txHashHint: encodingCandidate.hashHint,
+                    txKeccakHint: encodingCandidate.keccakHint,
+                    error: (error as Error).message
+                  })
+                }
+              }
+              if (selectedEncoding) break
+            }
+
+            if (selectedEncoding) {
+              break
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (selectedEncoding) {
+            break
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!selectedEncoding || !selectedHashMode || !selectedVHex || !selectedVMode) {
+          // Safety net: rebuild payload from immutable cleanTxData and retry all combinations
+          log.warn('QR legacy verification failed with snapshot, attempting rebuild from cleanTxData', {
+            expectedAddress,
+            requestedLegacyEncoding,
+            requestedLegacyHashMode,
+            attempts: validationAttempts.length
+          })
+
+          const rebuiltPayload = buildQRTxPayload(cleanTxData)
+          const rebuiltCandidates = rebuiltPayload.legacyCandidates || []
+          const rebuiltAttempts: SignatureValidationAttempt[] = []
+
+          for (const encodingCandidate of rebuiltCandidates) {
+            const rebuildVerificationBytes = Buffer.from(stripHexPrefix(encodingCandidate.signData), 'hex')
+
+            for (const hashMode of LEGACY_HASH_MODE_ORDER) {
+              let txHash: Buffer
+              try {
+                txHash = computeLegacyRecoveryHash(rebuildVerificationBytes, hashMode)
+              } catch {
+                continue
+              }
+
+              const vModes: Array<'legacy-eip155-v' | 'legacy-27-28-v'> = [
+                'legacy-eip155-v',
+                'legacy-27-28-v'
+              ]
+              for (const vMode of vModes) {
+                for (const tryRecoveryId of recoveryIdsToTry) {
+                  try {
+                    const result = this.recoverLegacySignatureAddress(
+                      txHash,
+                      rBuffer,
+                      sBuffer,
+                      tryRecoveryId,
+                      chainId,
+                      vMode
+                    )
+
+                    rebuiltAttempts.push({
+                      encodingId: encodingCandidate.encodingId,
+                      hashMode,
+                      vMode,
+                      v: result.vHex,
+                      recoveryIdUsed: tryRecoveryId,
+                      recoveredAddress: result.recoveredAddress
+                    })
+
+                    if (result.recoveredAddress === expectedAddressLower) {
+                      selectedEncoding = encodingCandidate.encodingId
+                      selectedHashMode = hashMode
+                      selectedVMode = vMode
+                      selectedVHex = result.vHex
+                      recoveryIdWasFlipped = tryRecoveryId !== recoveryId
+                      break
+                    }
+                  } catch {
+                    // Skip failed recovery attempts
+                  }
+                }
+                if (selectedEncoding) break
+              }
+              if (selectedEncoding) break
+            }
+            if (selectedEncoding) break
+          }
+
+          if (selectedEncoding) {
+            log.warn('QR REBUILT payload matched - original snapshot was corrupted', {
+              selectedEncoding,
+              selectedHashMode,
+              selectedVMode,
+              rebuiltAttempts: rebuiltAttempts.length
+            })
+          } else {
+            log.warn('QR transaction signature mismatch (legacy)', {
+              expectedAddress,
+              derivedAddressAtIndex: this.addresses[this.pendingSignRequest?.index ?? -1],
+              requestedLegacyEncoding,
+              requestedLegacyHashMode,
+              signDataLength: txPayload.signDataBytes?.length,
+              cleanTxDataNonce: cleanTxData.nonce,
+              cleanTxDataChainId: cleanTxData.chainId,
+              attempts: validationAttempts,
+              rebuiltAttempts
+            })
+            throw new QRSignError(
+              `Signature verification failed: expected ${expectedAddress}`,
+              'QR_SIGNATURE_ADDRESS_MISMATCH'
+            )
+          }
+        }
+
+        // The v value for serialization must match the encoding format the device signed.
+        // - legacy-unsigned (6-field): network expects simple v (27/28) → hashes 6 fields
+        // - legacy-eip155-unsigned (9-field): network expects EIP-155 v → hashes 9 fields with chainId
+        const matchedRecoveryId = recoveryIdWasFlipped ? 1 - recoveryId : recoveryId
+        const serializationV =
+          selectedEncoding === 'legacy-eip155-unsigned'
+            ? (BigInt(chainId) * BigInt(2) + BigInt(35) + BigInt(matchedRecoveryId)).toString(16)
+            : (27 + matchedRecoveryId).toString(16)
+
+        const serializedTx = serializeSignedLegacyTransaction(cleanTxData, {
+          v: serializationV,
+          r,
+          s
+        })
+        this.completePendingRequest()
+        callback(null, serializedTx)
+        return {
+          selectedLegacyEncoding: selectedEncoding,
+          selectedHashMode: selectedHashMode!,
+          recoveryIdFlipped: recoveryIdWasFlipped || undefined
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.completePendingRequest()
+      callback(null, signature)
+      return {}
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (isRecoverableQRSignError(err)) {
+        log.warn('Recoverable QR signature processing failure:', err)
+        throw err
+      }
+
+      log.error('Failed to process QR signature:', err)
+      this.failPendingRequest(err as Error)
+      throw err
+    }
+  }
+
+  private completePendingRequest() {
+    this.pendingSignRequest = null
+    this.status = Status.OK
+    this.emit('update')
+  }
+
+  private failPendingRequest(error: Error) {
+    if (!this.pendingSignRequest) return
+
+    const { callback } = this.pendingSignRequest
+    this.pendingSignRequest = null
+    this.status = Status.OK
+    this.emit('update')
+    callback(error, undefined)
+  }
+
+  // Called by UI when user cancels the signing request
+  cancelSignRequest(reason?: string) {
+    if (!this.pendingSignRequest) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const { callback } = this.pendingSignRequest
+    this.pendingSignRequest = null
+    this.status = Status.OK
+    this.emit('update')
+
+    callback(new Error(reason || 'Signing request cancelled'), undefined)
+  }
+
+  // Check if there's a pending sign request
+  hasPendingSignRequest(): boolean {
+    return this.pendingSignRequest !== null
+  }
+
+  // Clear pending request silently without invoking callback (used for cleanup)
+  clearPendingRequestSilently() {
+    if (this.pendingSignRequest) {
+      this.pendingSignRequest = null
+      this.status = Status.OK
+      this.emit('update')
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get current pending sign request info for UI
+  getPendingSignRequest() {
+    return this.pendingSignRequest
+  }
+
+  // Update device name
+  setName(name: string) {
+    this.name = name
+    this.emit('update')
+  }
+
+  getPreferredLegacyEncoding(): QRTxLegacyEncoding | undefined {
+    return this.preferredLegacyEncoding
+  }
+
+  setPreferredLegacyEncoding(encoding: QRTxLegacyEncoding) {
+    if (this.preferredLegacyEncoding === encoding) return
+    this.preferredLegacyEncoding = encoding
+    this.emit('update')
+  }
+
+  getPreferredLegacyHashMode(): QRTxLegacyHashMode | undefined {
+    return this.preferredLegacyHashMode
+  }
+
+  setPreferredLegacyHashMode(hashMode: QRTxLegacyHashMode) {
+    if (this.preferredLegacyHashMode === hashMode) return
+    this.preferredLegacyHashMode = hashMode
+    this.emit('update')
+  }
+
+  clearPreferredLegacySettings() {
+    const hadEncoding = !!this.preferredLegacyEncoding
+    const hadHashMode = !!this.preferredLegacyHashMode
+    this.preferredLegacyEncoding = undefined
+    this.preferredLegacyHashMode = undefined
+    if (hadEncoding || hadHashMode) {
+      this.emit('update')
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get device metadata for storage
+  getDeviceData(): QRDeviceData {
+    return {
+      profileId: this.profileId,
+      masterFingerprint: this.masterFingerprint,
+      xpub: this.xpub,
+      derivationPath: this.derivationPath,
+      ...(this.accountSource ? { accountSource: this.accountSource } : {}),
+      ...(this.childrenPath ? { childrenPath: this.childrenPath } : {}),
+      ...(this.preferredLegacyEncoding ? { preferredLegacyEncoding: this.preferredLegacyEncoding } : {}),
+      ...(this.preferredLegacyHashMode ? { preferredLegacyHashMode: this.preferredLegacyHashMode } : {}),
+      name: this.name
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/adapter.ts b/main/signers/qr/adapter.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76982f161f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/adapter.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+import log from 'electron-log'
+import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'
+import { addHexPrefix } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+
+import { TransactionData } from '../../../resources/domain/transaction'
+import { SignerAdapter } from '../adapters'
+import store from '../../store'
+import QRSigner from './QRSigner'
+import { QRDeviceData } from './types'
+import { encodeEthSignRequest, normalizeQRDeviceData } from './ur-utils'
+import { QRTxEncodingStrategy, QRTxLegacyHashMode } from './transaction-utils'
+import { QRSignError, isRecoverableQRSignError } from './errors'
+
+interface QRSignRequest {
+  type: 'transaction' | 'message' | 'typedData'
+  index: number
+  address: string
+  message?: string
+  transaction?: TransactionData
+  typedData?: any
+  txPayload?: {
+    signData: string
+    isTypedTransaction: boolean
+    chainId: number
+    txType: number
+    txEncodingStrategy: string
+    txHashMode: string
+    txHashHint: string
+    txKeccakHint: string
+  }
+}
+
+interface QRVerifyAddressRequest {
+  signerId: string
+  index: number
+  address: string
+}
+
+interface PendingQRSignRequest {
+  requestId: string
+  type: 'transaction' | 'message' | 'typedData'
+  index: number
+  expectedAddress: string
+  resolvedDerivationPath: string
+  createdAt: number
+  txEncodingStrategy?: QRTxEncodingStrategy
+  txHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+  txHashHint?: string
+  txKeccakHint?: string
+  txMeta?: {
+    chainId: number
+    txType: number
+    txEncodingStrategy: QRTxEncodingStrategy
+    txHashMode: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+    txHashHint: string
+    txKeccakHint: string
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeRequestId(requestId?: string): string {
+  return (requestId || '').trim().toLowerCase()
+}
+
+function parseTypedDataChainId(typedData: any): number {
+  const domainChainId = typedData?.domain?.chainId
+  if (domainChainId === undefined || domainChainId === null) return 1
+
+  const numeric = Number(domainChainId)
+  if (Number.isFinite(numeric) && numeric > 0) {
+    return numeric
+  }
+
+  const parsed = parseInt(domainChainId.toString(), 10)
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed > 0 ? parsed : 1
+}
+
+export default class QRSignerAdapter extends SignerAdapter {
+  private knownSigners: { [id: string]: QRSigner }
+  private loadingSigners: { [profileId: string]: Promise<QRSigner> }
+  private pendingSignRequests: { [signerId: string]: PendingQRSignRequest }
+  private observer: any
+
+  constructor() {
+    super('qr')
+
+    this.knownSigners = {}
+    this.loadingSigners = {}
+    this.pendingSignRequests = {}
+  }
+
+  open() {
+    // Clear any stale QR sign request from previous session
+    const staleSignRequest = store('main.qr.signRequest')
+    if (staleSignRequest) {
+      log.warn('Clearing stale QR sign request on adapter open', {
+        signerId: staleSignRequest.signerId,
+        requestId: staleSignRequest.requestId
+      })
+      store.clearQRSignRequest()
+    }
+
+    const staleVerifyAddress = store('main.qr.verifyAddress')
+    if (staleVerifyAddress) {
+      log.warn('Clearing stale QR verify address on adapter open')
+      store.clearQRVerifyAddress()
+    }
+
+    this.observer = store.observer(() => {
+      const rawDevices = (store('main.qr.devices') || {}) as Record<string, Partial<QRDeviceData>>
+      const { devices: qrDevices, changed } = this.normalizeStoredDevices(rawDevices)
+
+      if (changed) {
+        store.setQRDevices(qrDevices)
+      }
+
+      Object.values(qrDevices).forEach((deviceData) => {
+        const existingSigner = this.getSignerByProfileId(deviceData.profileId)
+
+        if (!existingSigner && deviceData) {
+          this.loadDevice(deviceData).catch((err) => {
+            log.error(`Failed loading QR profile ${deviceData.profileId}:`, err)
+          })
+        }
+      })
+
+      const storedProfiles = new Set(Object.keys(qrDevices))
+      Object.values(this.knownSigners).forEach((signer) => {
+        if (!storedProfiles.has(signer.profileId)) {
+          this.removeSigner(signer)
+        }
+      })
+    }, 'qrSigners')
+
+    super.open()
+  }
+
+  private getSignerByProfileId(profileId: string): QRSigner | undefined {
+    return Object.values(this.knownSigners).find((signer) => signer.profileId === profileId)
+  }
+
+  private normalizeStoredDevices(rawDevices: Record<string, Partial<QRDeviceData>>): {
+    devices: Record<string, QRDeviceData>
+    changed: boolean
+  } {
+    let changed = false
+    const devices: Record<string, QRDeviceData> = {}
+
+    Object.entries(rawDevices).forEach(([storedKey, rawDevice]) => {
+      if (!rawDevice) {
+        changed = true
+        return
+      }
+
+      const normalizedDevice = normalizeQRDeviceData(rawDevice)
+
+      if (storedKey !== normalizedDevice.profileId) {
+        changed = true
+      }
+
+      if (
+        rawDevice.profileId !== normalizedDevice.profileId ||
+        rawDevice.masterFingerprint !== normalizedDevice.masterFingerprint ||
+        rawDevice.derivationPath !== normalizedDevice.derivationPath ||
+        rawDevice.accountSource !== normalizedDevice.accountSource ||
+        rawDevice.childrenPath !== normalizedDevice.childrenPath ||
+        rawDevice.preferredLegacyEncoding !== normalizedDevice.preferredLegacyEncoding ||
+        rawDevice.preferredLegacyHashMode !== normalizedDevice.preferredLegacyHashMode
+      ) {
+        changed = true
+      }
+
+      if (devices[normalizedDevice.profileId]) {
+        changed = true
+      }
+
+      devices[normalizedDevice.profileId] = normalizedDevice
+    })
+
+    return { devices, changed }
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    if (this.observer) {
+      this.observer.remove()
+      this.observer = null
+    }
+
+    Object.values(this.knownSigners).forEach((signer) => {
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signer.id)
+      signer.close()
+    })
+
+    this.knownSigners = {}
+    this.loadingSigners = {}
+    this.pendingSignRequests = {}
+
+    super.close()
+  }
+
+  remove(signer: QRSigner) {
+    this.removeSigner(signer)
+  }
+
+  reload(signer: QRSigner) {
+    log.info(`Reloading QR signer: ${signer.name}`)
+
+    const deviceData = signer.getDeviceData()
+    this.removeSignerObject(signer)
+    this.loadDevice(deviceData)
+  }
+
+  private removeSignerObject(signer: QRSigner) {
+    if (signer.id in this.knownSigners) {
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signer.id)
+      delete this.knownSigners[signer.id]
+      signer.close()
+    }
+  }
+
+  async importDevice(deviceData: QRDeviceData): Promise<QRSigner> {
+    const normalizedDeviceData = normalizeQRDeviceData(deviceData)
+    log.info(
+      `Importing QR device: ${normalizedDeviceData.name} (${normalizedDeviceData.masterFingerprint}, profile ${normalizedDeviceData.profileId})`
+    )
+
+    const existing = this.getSignerByProfileId(normalizedDeviceData.profileId)
+    if (existing) {
+      log.info(`QR profile already imported: ${normalizedDeviceData.profileId}`)
+      return existing
+    }
+
+    const currentDevices = (store('main.qr.devices') || {}) as Record<string, Partial<QRDeviceData>>
+    const { devices: normalizedDevices } = this.normalizeStoredDevices(currentDevices)
+    store.setQRDevices({
+      ...normalizedDevices,
+      [normalizedDeviceData.profileId]: normalizedDeviceData
+    })
+
+    try {
+      return await this.loadDevice(normalizedDeviceData)
+    } catch (err) {
+      const updatedDevices = {
+        ...(store('main.qr.devices') || {})
+      } as Record<string, QRDeviceData>
+      delete updatedDevices[normalizedDeviceData.profileId]
+      store.setQRDevices(updatedDevices)
+      throw err
+    }
+  }
+
+  getSigner(id: string): QRSigner | undefined {
+    return this.knownSigners[id]
+  }
+
+  getAllSigners(): QRSigner[] {
+    return Object.values(this.knownSigners)
+  }
+
+  async submitSignature(signerId: string, signature: string, requestId?: string) {
+    const signer = this.knownSigners[signerId]
+    if (!signer) {
+      throw new QRSignError(`QR signer not found: ${signerId}`, 'QR_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND', false)
+    }
+
+    const pendingRequest = this.pendingSignRequests[signerId]
+    if (!pendingRequest) {
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+      throw new QRSignError('No pending QR sign request', 'QR_NO_PENDING_REQUEST', false)
+    }
+
+    if (!signer.hasPendingSignRequest()) {
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+      throw new QRSignError('QR signer has no active sign request', 'QR_NO_PENDING_REQUEST', false)
+    }
+
+    // Validate signer has txPayloadSnapshot for transaction requests
+    if (pendingRequest.type === 'transaction') {
+      const signerRequest = signer.getPendingSignRequest()
+      if (!signerRequest?.txPayloadSnapshot) {
+        log.error('Signer missing txPayloadSnapshot for transaction request', {
+          signerId,
+          requestId: pendingRequest.requestId
+        })
+        this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+        signer.cancelSignRequest('Missing transaction payload')
+        throw new QRSignError(
+          'Transaction payload not found - please retry signing',
+          'QR_MISSING_PAYLOAD',
+          false
+        )
+      }
+
+      // Validate hash hints match between adapter and signer state
+      const adapterHashHint = pendingRequest.txHashHint
+      const signerHashHint = signerRequest.txPayloadSnapshot.txHashHint
+      if (adapterHashHint && signerHashHint && adapterHashHint !== signerHashHint) {
+        log.error('State mismatch: txHashHint differs between adapter and signer', {
+          signerId,
+          adapterHashHint,
+          signerHashHint
+        })
+        this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+        signer.cancelSignRequest('Transaction payload mismatch')
+        throw new QRSignError('Transaction state mismatch - please retry signing', 'QR_STATE_MISMATCH', false)
+      }
+    }
+
+    const normalizedRequestId = normalizeRequestId(requestId)
+    if (!normalizedRequestId) {
+      throw new QRSignError(
+        'Scanned signature is missing requestId metadata',
+        'QR_SIGNATURE_REQUEST_ID_MISSING'
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (normalizedRequestId !== normalizeRequestId(pendingRequest.requestId)) {
+      throw new QRSignError(
+        `Signature requestId mismatch (received=${normalizedRequestId}, expected=${pendingRequest.requestId})`,
+        'QR_SIGNATURE_REQUEST_ID_MISMATCH'
+      )
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const result = await signer.submitSignature(signature, {
+        txEncodingStrategy: pendingRequest.txEncodingStrategy,
+        txHashMode: pendingRequest.txHashMode
+      })
+
+      const selectedLegacyEncoding = result?.selectedLegacyEncoding
+      const selectedHashMode = result?.selectedHashMode
+      const shouldPersistEncoding =
+        !!selectedLegacyEncoding && selectedLegacyEncoding !== signer.getPreferredLegacyEncoding()
+      const shouldPersistHashMode =
+        !!selectedHashMode && selectedHashMode !== signer.getPreferredLegacyHashMode()
+
+      if (shouldPersistEncoding && selectedLegacyEncoding) {
+        signer.setPreferredLegacyEncoding(selectedLegacyEncoding)
+      }
+
+      if (shouldPersistHashMode && selectedHashMode) {
+        signer.setPreferredLegacyHashMode(selectedHashMode)
+      }
+
+      if (shouldPersistEncoding || shouldPersistHashMode) {
+        this.persistSignerDeviceData(signer)
+        log.info('Updated QR signer compatibility preference', {
+          signerId,
+          selectedLegacyEncoding,
+          selectedHashMode
+        })
+      }
+
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Auto-reset encoding preferences on address mismatch so next retry uses defaults
+      if (error instanceof QRSignError && error.code === 'QR_SIGNATURE_ADDRESS_MISMATCH') {
+        signer.clearPreferredLegacySettings()
+        this.persistSignerDeviceData(signer)
+        log.info('Reset QR signer legacy preferences after signature mismatch', { signerId })
+      }
+
+      if (isRecoverableQRSignError(error)) {
+        throw error
+      }
+
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  cancelSignRequest(signerId: string, reason?: string) {
+    const signer = this.knownSigners[signerId]
+    if (signer) {
+      signer.cancelSignRequest(reason)
+    }
+    this.clearPendingRequestContext(signerId, true)
+  }
+
+  private async loadDevice(deviceData: QRDeviceData): Promise<QRSigner> {
+    const normalizedDeviceData = normalizeQRDeviceData(deviceData)
+    log.info(`Loading QR device: ${normalizedDeviceData.name} (${normalizedDeviceData.profileId})`)
+
+    const existingId = Object.keys(this.knownSigners).find((id) => {
+      return this.knownSigners[id].profileId === normalizedDeviceData.profileId
+    })
+    if (existingId) {
+      return this.knownSigners[existingId]
+    }
+
+    const pendingLoad = this.loadingSigners[normalizedDeviceData.profileId]
+    if (pendingLoad) {
+      return pendingLoad
+    }
+
+    const loadPromise = (async () => {
+      const signer = new QRSigner(normalizedDeviceData)
+      this.setupSignerEvents(signer)
+
+      await signer.open()
+
+      this.knownSigners[signer.id] = signer
+      this.emit('add', signer)
+
+      log.info(
+        `Loaded QR device: ${normalizedDeviceData.name} (${normalizedDeviceData.profileId}) with ${signer.addresses.length} addresses`
+      )
+      return signer
+    })()
+
+    this.loadingSigners[normalizedDeviceData.profileId] = loadPromise
+
+    try {
+      return await loadPromise
+    } finally {
+      delete this.loadingSigners[normalizedDeviceData.profileId]
+    }
+  }
+
+  private setupSignerEvents(signer: QRSigner) {
+    const emitUpdate = () => this.emit('update', signer)
+
+    signer.on('update', emitUpdate)
+    signer.on('error', emitUpdate)
+
+    signer.on('close', () => {
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signer.id, true)
+      delete this.knownSigners[signer.id]
+      this.emit('remove', signer.id)
+    })
+
+    signer.on('sign-request', (request: QRSignRequest) => {
+      log.info('QR signer sign request:', request.type)
+
+      try {
+        // Clear any stale state from previous requests before processing new request
+        if (this.pendingSignRequests[signer.id]) {
+          log.warn('Clearing stale pending request for signer before new request', {
+            signerId: signer.id,
+            oldRequestId: this.pendingSignRequests[signer.id].requestId
+          })
+          delete this.pendingSignRequests[signer.id]
+        }
+
+        const resolvedDerivation = signer.resolveDerivation(request.index, request.address)
+        if (!resolvedDerivation.matchesExpectedAddress) {
+          throw new QRSignError(
+            `Unable to resolve derivation path for requested address ${request.address} (resolved ${resolvedDerivation.address} via ${resolvedDerivation.fullPath})`,
+            'QR_DERIVATION_ADDRESS_MISMATCH',
+            false
+          )
+        }
+
+        const requestId = uuidv4().toLowerCase()
+        let urData: { urData: string; animated: boolean; frames?: string[] }
+        let txMeta: PendingQRSignRequest['txMeta']
+
+        if (request.type === 'transaction') {
+          // Use pre-built payload from QRSigner (single source of truth for byte consistency)
+          const txPayload = request.txPayload
+          if (!txPayload) {
+            throw new QRSignError(
+              'Missing transaction payload in sign request',
+              'QR_MISSING_TX_PAYLOAD',
+              false
+            )
+          }
+
+          txMeta = {
+            chainId: txPayload.chainId,
+            txType: txPayload.txType,
+            txEncodingStrategy: txPayload.txEncodingStrategy as QRTxEncodingStrategy,
+            txHashMode: txPayload.txHashMode as QRTxLegacyHashMode,
+            txHashHint: txPayload.txHashHint,
+            txKeccakHint: txPayload.txKeccakHint
+          }
+
+          urData = encodeEthSignRequest(
+            requestId,
+            txPayload.signData, // Uses pre-built bytes from QRSigner
+            txPayload.isTypedTransaction ? 'typedTransaction' : 'transaction',
+            txPayload.chainId,
+            resolvedDerivation.fullPath,
+            request.address,
+            signer.masterFingerprint
+          )
+        } else if (request.type === 'message') {
+          const signData = request.message || ''
+
+          urData = encodeEthSignRequest(
+            requestId,
+            signData,
+            'message',
+            1,
+            resolvedDerivation.fullPath,
+            request.address,
+            signer.masterFingerprint
+          )
+        } else if (request.type === 'typedData') {
+          const typedMessage = request.typedData
+          const typedData = typedMessage?.data || {}
+          const chainId = parseTypedDataChainId(typedData)
+          const signData = addHexPrefix(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(typedData)).toString('hex'))
+
+          urData = encodeEthSignRequest(
+            requestId,
+            signData,
+            'typedData',
+            chainId,
+            resolvedDerivation.fullPath,
+            request.address,
+            signer.masterFingerprint
+          )
+          txMeta = {
+            chainId,
+            txType: -1,
+            txEncodingStrategy: 'primary',
+            txHashMode: 'keccak',
+            txHashHint: '0x',
+            txKeccakHint: '0x'
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new QRSignError(
+            `Unsupported sign request type: ${request.type}`,
+            'QR_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUPPORTED',
+            false
+          )
+        }
+
+        this.pendingSignRequests[signer.id] = {
+          requestId,
+          type: request.type,
+          index: request.index,
+          expectedAddress: request.address,
+          resolvedDerivationPath: resolvedDerivation.fullPath,
+          createdAt: Date.now(),
+          txEncodingStrategy: txMeta?.txEncodingStrategy,
+          txHashMode: txMeta?.txHashMode,
+          txHashHint: txMeta?.txHashHint,
+          txKeccakHint: txMeta?.txKeccakHint,
+          ...(txMeta ? { txMeta } : {})
+        }
+
+        store.setQRSignRequest(signer.id, {
+          ...request,
+          requestId,
+          urData: urData.urData,
+          animated: urData.animated,
+          frames: urData.frames,
+          addressIndex: request.index,
+          expectedAddress: request.address,
+          resolvedDerivationPath: resolvedDerivation.fullPath,
+          txEncodingStrategy: txMeta?.txEncodingStrategy || 'primary',
+          txHashMode: txMeta?.txHashMode || 'keccak',
+          txHashHint: txMeta?.txHashHint || '0x',
+          txKeccakHint: txMeta?.txKeccakHint || '0x',
+          txMeta
+        })
+      } catch (err) {
+        log.error('Failed to encode sign request as UR:', err)
+        this.clearPendingRequestContext(signer.id, true)
+        signer.cancelSignRequest((err as Error).message || 'Failed to prepare QR sign request')
+      }
+    })
+
+    signer.on('verify-address', (data: QRVerifyAddressRequest) => {
+      store.setQRVerifyAddress(signer.id, data)
+    })
+  }
+
+  private clearPendingRequestContext(signerId: string, clearStore = false) {
+    const hadPendingRequest = !!this.pendingSignRequests[signerId]
+
+    if (this.pendingSignRequests[signerId]) {
+      delete this.pendingSignRequests[signerId]
+    }
+
+    // Also clear signer pending request for consistency
+    const signer = this.knownSigners[signerId]
+    if (signer && signer.hasPendingSignRequest()) {
+      signer.clearPendingRequestSilently()
+    }
+
+    if (!clearStore) {
+      if (hadPendingRequest) {
+        log.warn('Cleared adapter state but NOT store state', { signerId })
+      }
+      return
+    }
+
+    const currentSignRequest = store('main.qr.signRequest')
+    if (currentSignRequest?.signerId === signerId) {
+      store.clearQRSignRequest()
+    } else if (currentSignRequest) {
+      log.warn('Store has different signerId, not clearing', {
+        expected: signerId,
+        actual: currentSignRequest.signerId
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  private persistSignerDeviceData(signer: QRSigner) {
+    const currentDevices = (store('main.qr.devices') || {}) as Record<string, QRDeviceData>
+    store.setQRDevices({
+      ...currentDevices,
+      [signer.profileId]: signer.getDeviceData()
+    })
+  }
+
+  private removeSigner(signer: QRSigner) {
+    if (signer.id in this.knownSigners) {
+      log.info(`Removing QR signer: ${signer.name}`)
+
+      this.clearPendingRequestContext(signer.id, true)
+      delete this.knownSigners[signer.id]
+
+      const currentDevices = (store('main.qr.devices') || {}) as Record<string, QRDeviceData>
+      const { [signer.profileId]: removed, ...rest } = currentDevices
+      store.setQRDevices(rest)
+
+      signer.close()
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/derivation.ts b/main/signers/qr/derivation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2e9f88ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/derivation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+export type QRDerivationStrategy =
+  | 'children-wildcard'
+  | 'children-fixed'
+  | 'legacy-default'
+  | 'index-only-fallback'
+
+export interface QRDerivationCandidate {
+  strategy: QRDerivationStrategy
+  fullPath: string
+  relativePath: string
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_QR_ORIGIN_PATH = "m/44'/60'/0'"
+
+function normalizePath(path?: string): string {
+  const trimmed = (path || '').trim()
+  const withoutM = trimmed.startsWith('m/') ? trimmed.slice(2) : trimmed
+  const normalized = withoutM.replace(/^\/+/, '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
+
+  return normalized
+}
+
+export function normalizeOriginPath(path?: string): string {
+  const normalized = normalizePath(path)
+
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return DEFAULT_QR_ORIGIN_PATH
+  }
+
+  return `m/${normalized}`
+}
+
+export function normalizeChildrenPath(path?: string): string | undefined {
+  const normalized = normalizePath(path)
+  return normalized || undefined
+}
+
+function createCandidate(
+  strategy: QRDerivationStrategy,
+  originPath: string,
+  relativePath: string
+): QRDerivationCandidate {
+  const normalizedRelative = normalizePath(relativePath)
+  return {
+    strategy,
+    relativePath: normalizedRelative,
+    fullPath: normalizedRelative ? `${originPath}/${normalizedRelative}` : originPath
+  }
+}
+
+function addUniqueCandidate(
+  candidates: QRDerivationCandidate[],
+  strategy: QRDerivationStrategy,
+  originPath: string,
+  relativePath: string
+) {
+  const candidate = createCandidate(strategy, originPath, relativePath)
+  if (!candidate.relativePath) return
+
+  const alreadyExists = candidates.some((existing) => existing.fullPath === candidate.fullPath)
+  if (!alreadyExists) {
+    candidates.push(candidate)
+  }
+}
+
+function hasWildcard(childrenPath: string): boolean {
+  return childrenPath.split('/').some((component) => component === '*')
+}
+
+function materializeWildcardPath(childrenPath: string, index: number): string {
+  const indexString = String(index)
+  return childrenPath
+    .split('/')
+    .map((component) => (component === '*' ? indexString : component))
+    .join('/')
+}
+
+export function buildDerivationCandidates(
+  originPath: string | undefined,
+  childrenPath: string | undefined,
+  index: number
+): QRDerivationCandidate[] {
+  const safeIndex = Math.max(0, Number.isFinite(index) ? Math.floor(index) : 0)
+  const normalizedOriginPath = normalizeOriginPath(originPath)
+  const normalizedChildrenPath = normalizeChildrenPath(childrenPath)
+  const candidates: QRDerivationCandidate[] = []
+
+  if (normalizedChildrenPath) {
+    if (hasWildcard(normalizedChildrenPath)) {
+      addUniqueCandidate(
+        candidates,
+        'children-wildcard',
+        normalizedOriginPath,
+        materializeWildcardPath(normalizedChildrenPath, safeIndex)
+      )
+    } else {
+      addUniqueCandidate(
+        candidates,
+        'children-fixed',
+        normalizedOriginPath,
+        `${normalizedChildrenPath}/${safeIndex}`
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  addUniqueCandidate(candidates, 'legacy-default', normalizedOriginPath, `0/${safeIndex}`)
+  addUniqueCandidate(candidates, 'index-only-fallback', normalizedOriginPath, `${safeIndex}`)
+
+  return candidates
+}
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/errors.ts b/main/signers/qr/errors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe50ed54f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/errors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+export class QRSignError extends Error {
+  code: string
+  recoverable: boolean
+
+  constructor(message: string, code: string, recoverable = true) {
+    super(message)
+    this.name = 'QRSignError'
+    this.code = code
+    this.recoverable = recoverable
+  }
+}
+
+export function isRecoverableQRSignError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  return error instanceof QRSignError && error.recoverable
+}
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/index.ts b/main/signers/qr/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a908236f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export { default as QRSigner } from './QRSigner'
+export { default as QRSignerAdapter } from './adapter'
+export * from './types'
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/transaction-utils.ts b/main/signers/qr/transaction-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..897b3c0dcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/transaction-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+import log from 'electron-log'
+import { TransactionFactory } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
+import { RLP } from '@ethereumjs/rlp'
+import { addHexPrefix, stripHexPrefix } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+import { createHash } from 'crypto'
+import { keccak256 } from 'ethereum-cryptography/keccak'
+
+import chainConfig from '../../chains/config'
+import { TransactionData } from '../../../resources/domain/transaction'
+import { QRLegacyEncoding, QRLegacyHashMode } from './types'
+
+export type QRTxLegacyEncoding = QRLegacyEncoding
+export type QRTxLegacyHashMode = QRLegacyHashMode
+export type QRTxEncodingStrategy = 'primary' | QRTxLegacyEncoding
+
+export const LEGACY_HASH_MODE_ORDER: QRTxLegacyHashMode[] = ['keccak', 'sha256', 'identity32']
+
+export interface QRTxLegacyCandidate {
+  encodingId: QRTxLegacyEncoding
+  signData: string
+  signDataBytes: Buffer
+  hashHint: string
+  keccakHint: string
+}
+
+export interface QRTxPayload {
+  cleanTxData: TransactionData
+  chainId: number
+  txType: number
+  isTypedTransaction: boolean
+  signData: string
+  signDataBytes: Buffer
+  txEncodingStrategy: QRTxEncodingStrategy
+  txHashHint: string
+  txKeccakHint: string
+  txHashMode: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+  legacyCandidates?: QRTxLegacyCandidate[]
+}
+
+interface BuildQRTxPayloadOptions {
+  preferredLegacyEncoding?: QRTxLegacyEncoding
+  preferredLegacyHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+}
+
+function sha256Hint(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
+  return addHexPrefix(createHash('sha256').update(Buffer.from(bytes)).digest('hex'))
+}
+
+function keccakHint(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
+  return addHexPrefix(Buffer.from(keccak256(Buffer.from(bytes))).toString('hex'))
+}
+
+function toHex(bytes: Uint8Array): string {
+  return addHexPrefix(Buffer.from(bytes).toString('hex'))
+}
+
+function normalizeHex(value: string): string {
+  const hex = stripHexPrefix(value)
+  if (!hex) return '0'
+  return hex.replace(/^0+/, '') || '0'
+}
+
+function hexToMinimalBuffer(value: string): Buffer {
+  const normalized = normalizeHex(value)
+  const evenLengthHex = normalized.length % 2 === 0 ? normalized : `0${normalized}`
+  if (evenLengthHex === '00') return Buffer.alloc(0)
+  return Buffer.from(evenLengthHex, 'hex')
+}
+
+function chooseLegacyCandidate(
+  candidates: QRTxLegacyCandidate[],
+  preferredLegacyEncoding?: QRTxLegacyEncoding
+): QRTxLegacyCandidate {
+  if (preferredLegacyEncoding) {
+    const preferred = candidates.find((candidate) => candidate.encodingId === preferredLegacyEncoding)
+    if (preferred) return preferred
+  }
+
+  return candidates[0]
+}
+
+function chooseLegacyHashMode(
+  signDataBytes: Buffer,
+  preferredLegacyHashMode?: QRTxLegacyHashMode
+): QRTxLegacyHashMode {
+  if (preferredLegacyHashMode === 'identity32' && signDataBytes.length !== 32) {
+    return 'keccak'
+  }
+
+  return preferredLegacyHashMode || 'keccak'
+}
+
+export function computeLegacyRecoveryHash(signDataBytes: Buffer, hashMode: QRTxLegacyHashMode): Buffer {
+  if (hashMode === 'identity32') {
+    if (signDataBytes.length !== 32) {
+      throw new Error(`identity32 hash mode requires 32-byte payload (got ${signDataBytes.length})`)
+    }
+
+    return Buffer.from(signDataBytes)
+  }
+
+  if (hashMode === 'sha256') {
+    return Buffer.from(createHash('sha256').update(signDataBytes).digest())
+  }
+
+  return Buffer.from(keccak256(signDataBytes))
+}
+
+export function buildQRTxPayload(rawTx: TransactionData, options: BuildQRTxPayloadOptions = {}): QRTxPayload {
+  const chainId = parseInt(rawTx.chainId, 16)
+  const txType = parseInt(rawTx.type || '0x0', 16)
+  const isTypedTransaction = txType >= 1
+
+  const cleanTxData = {
+    chainId: rawTx.chainId,
+    type: rawTx.type,
+    gasFeesSource: rawTx.gasFeesSource,
+    nonce: rawTx.nonce,
+    to: rawTx.to,
+    value: rawTx.value,
+    data: rawTx.data,
+    gasLimit: rawTx.gasLimit || rawTx.gas
+  } as TransactionData
+
+  if (txType === 2) {
+    cleanTxData.maxFeePerGas = rawTx.maxFeePerGas
+    cleanTxData.maxPriorityFeePerGas = rawTx.maxPriorityFeePerGas
+  } else {
+    cleanTxData.gasPrice = rawTx.gasPrice
+  }
+
+  if (rawTx.accessList) {
+    cleanTxData.accessList = rawTx.accessList
+  }
+
+  const common = chainConfig(chainId, txType === 2 ? 'london' : 'berlin')
+  const tx = TransactionFactory.fromTxData(cleanTxData, { common })
+  const messageToSign = tx.getMessageToSign(false)
+  const primaryBytes = Buffer.from(Array.isArray(messageToSign) ? RLP.encode(messageToSign) : messageToSign)
+
+  if (txType !== 0) {
+    return {
+      cleanTxData,
+      chainId,
+      txType,
+      isTypedTransaction,
+      signData: toHex(primaryBytes),
+      signDataBytes: Buffer.from(primaryBytes),
+      txEncodingStrategy: 'primary',
+      txHashHint: sha256Hint(primaryBytes),
+      txKeccakHint: keccakHint(primaryBytes),
+      txHashMode: 'keccak'
+    }
+  }
+
+  const legacyUnsignedBytes = Buffer.from(RLP.encode((tx.raw() as Buffer[]).slice(0, 6)))
+  const legacyCandidates: QRTxLegacyCandidate[] = [
+    // Pre-EIP155 format FIRST - Keystone uses separate chainId param for v value
+    {
+      encodingId: 'legacy-unsigned',
+      signData: toHex(legacyUnsignedBytes),
+      signDataBytes: legacyUnsignedBytes,
+      hashHint: sha256Hint(legacyUnsignedBytes),
+      keccakHint: keccakHint(legacyUnsignedBytes)
+    },
+    // EIP-155 format as fallback
+    {
+      encodingId: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned',
+      signData: toHex(primaryBytes),
+      signDataBytes: primaryBytes,
+      hashHint: sha256Hint(primaryBytes),
+      keccakHint: keccakHint(primaryBytes)
+    }
+  ]
+
+  // Deep-copy signDataBytes to detach from @ethereumjs/tx internal ArrayBuffers
+  for (const candidate of legacyCandidates) {
+    candidate.signDataBytes = Buffer.from(candidate.signDataBytes)
+  }
+
+  // Verify signData and signDataBytes are consistent
+  for (const candidate of legacyCandidates) {
+    const expectedHex = addHexPrefix(candidate.signDataBytes.toString('hex'))
+    if (candidate.signData !== expectedHex) {
+      log.error('QR payload inconsistency: signData does not match signDataBytes', {
+        encodingId: candidate.encodingId,
+        signData: candidate.signData.slice(0, 100) + '...',
+        expectedHex: expectedHex.slice(0, 100) + '...'
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  const selectedLegacyCandidate = chooseLegacyCandidate(legacyCandidates, options.preferredLegacyEncoding)
+  const selectedHashMode = chooseLegacyHashMode(
+    selectedLegacyCandidate.signDataBytes,
+    options.preferredLegacyHashMode
+  )
+
+  return {
+    cleanTxData,
+    chainId,
+    txType,
+    isTypedTransaction,
+    signData: selectedLegacyCandidate.signData,
+    signDataBytes: selectedLegacyCandidate.signDataBytes,
+    txEncodingStrategy: selectedLegacyCandidate.encodingId,
+    txHashHint: selectedLegacyCandidate.hashHint,
+    txKeccakHint: selectedLegacyCandidate.keccakHint,
+    txHashMode: selectedHashMode,
+    legacyCandidates
+  }
+}
+
+export function serializeSignedLegacyTransaction(
+  cleanTxData: TransactionData,
+  signature: { v: string; r: string; s: string }
+): string {
+  const chainId = parseInt(cleanTxData.chainId, 16)
+  const tx = TransactionFactory.fromTxData(cleanTxData, {
+    common: chainConfig(chainId, 'berlin')
+  })
+
+  const unsignedRaw = (tx.raw() as Buffer[]).slice(0, 6)
+  const serialized = Buffer.from(
+    RLP.encode([
+      ...unsignedRaw,
+      hexToMinimalBuffer(signature.v),
+      hexToMinimalBuffer(signature.r),
+      hexToMinimalBuffer(signature.s)
+    ])
+  )
+
+  return addHexPrefix(serialized.toString('hex'))
+}
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/types.ts b/main/signers/qr/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..310e9bbda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+export const Status = {
+  INITIAL: 'Connecting',
+  OK: 'ok',
+  DERIVING: 'addresses',
+  DISCONNECTED: 'Disconnected',
+  AWAITING_SIGNATURE: 'Sign with device',
+  ERROR: 'Error'
+}
+
+export type QRLegacyEncoding = 'legacy-eip155-unsigned' | 'legacy-unsigned'
+export type QRLegacyHashMode = 'keccak' | 'sha256' | 'identity32'
+
+export interface QRDeviceData {
+  // Stable profile identifier for a specific derivation/source combination
+  profileId: string
+  // Master fingerprint of the device (hex string)
+  masterFingerprint: string
+  // Extended public key
+  xpub: string
+  // Derivation path template (e.g., "m/44'/60'/0'/0")
+  derivationPath: string
+  // Optional account source (e.g., account.standard, account.ledger_live)
+  accountSource?: string
+  // Optional child keypath metadata from UR hd-key children
+  childrenPath?: string
+  // Legacy transaction sign-data encoding preference observed for this signer
+  preferredLegacyEncoding?: QRLegacyEncoding
+  // Legacy transaction hash mode preference observed for this signer
+  preferredLegacyHashMode?: QRLegacyHashMode
+  // Device name set by user
+  name: string
+}
+
+export interface URSignRequest {
+  // The UR-encoded unsigned transaction
+  urData: string
+  // Whether this requires animated QR (large payload)
+  animated: boolean
+  // The individual QR frames if animated
+  frames?: string[]
+}
+
+export interface URSignature {
+  // The signature bytes (r, s, v)
+  signature: string
+  // Recovery parameter
+  v: number
+}
diff --git a/main/signers/qr/ur-utils.ts b/main/signers/qr/ur-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77476c319e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/signers/qr/ur-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+import { URDecoder, UREncoder } from '@ngraveio/bc-ur'
+import {
+  CryptoHDKey,
+  CryptoAccount,
+  ETHSignature,
+  EthSignRequest,
+  DataType
+} from '@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth'
+import { addHexPrefix, stripHexPrefix } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+import { v5 as uuid, stringify as stringifyUuid } from 'uuid'
+import { TransactionData } from '../../../resources/domain/transaction'
+import { QRDeviceData, QRLegacyEncoding, QRLegacyHashMode } from './types'
+
+const DEFAULT_QR_DERIVATION_PATH = "m/44'/60'/0'"
+const qrProfileNamespace = '3f1c23c7-c6cf-59c2-86c2-d6a7da4ad993'
+
+function normalizeDerivationPath(path?: string): string {
+  const trimmed = (path || '').trim()
+  const withoutM = trimmed.startsWith('m/') ? trimmed.slice(2) : trimmed
+  const normalized = withoutM.replace(/^\/+/, '').replace(/\/+$/, '')
+
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return DEFAULT_QR_DERIVATION_PATH
+  }
+
+  return `m/${normalized}`
+}
+
+function normalizeOptionalPath(path?: string): string | undefined {
+  const trimmed = (path || '').trim()
+  return trimmed ? trimmed.replace(/^\/+/, '').replace(/\/+$/, '') : undefined
+}
+
+function normalizeAccountSource(source?: string): string | undefined {
+  const trimmed = (source || '').trim()
+  return trimmed || undefined
+}
+
+function normalizePreferredLegacyEncoding(value?: string): QRLegacyEncoding | undefined {
+  if (value === 'legacy-eip155-unsigned' || value === 'legacy-unsigned') {
+    return value
+  }
+
+  return undefined
+}
+
+function normalizePreferredLegacyHashMode(value?: string): QRLegacyHashMode | undefined {
+  if (value === 'keccak' || value === 'sha256' || value === 'identity32') {
+    return value
+  }
+
+  return undefined
+}
+
+export function createQRProfileId(deviceData: {
+  masterFingerprint: string
+  xpub: string
+  derivationPath: string
+  accountSource?: string
+  childrenPath?: string
+}): string {
+  const profileSeed = [
+    (deviceData.masterFingerprint || '').toLowerCase(),
+    deviceData.xpub || '',
+    normalizeDerivationPath(deviceData.derivationPath),
+    normalizeAccountSource(deviceData.accountSource) || '',
+    normalizeOptionalPath(deviceData.childrenPath) || ''
+  ].join('|')
+
+  return uuid(profileSeed, qrProfileNamespace)
+}
+
+export function normalizeQRDeviceData(deviceData: Partial<QRDeviceData>): QRDeviceData {
+  const masterFingerprint = (deviceData.masterFingerprint || '').toLowerCase()
+  const xpub = deviceData.xpub || ''
+  const derivationPath = normalizeDerivationPath(deviceData.derivationPath)
+  const accountSource = normalizeAccountSource(deviceData.accountSource)
+  const childrenPath = normalizeOptionalPath(deviceData.childrenPath)
+  const preferredLegacyEncoding = normalizePreferredLegacyEncoding(deviceData.preferredLegacyEncoding)
+  const preferredLegacyHashMode = normalizePreferredLegacyHashMode(deviceData.preferredLegacyHashMode)
+  const profileId =
+    deviceData.profileId ||
+    createQRProfileId({
+      masterFingerprint,
+      xpub,
+      derivationPath,
+      accountSource,
+      childrenPath
+    })
+
+  return {
+    profileId,
+    masterFingerprint,
+    xpub,
+    derivationPath,
+    ...(accountSource ? { accountSource } : {}),
+    ...(childrenPath ? { childrenPath } : {}),
+    ...(preferredLegacyEncoding ? { preferredLegacyEncoding } : {}),
+    ...(preferredLegacyHashMode ? { preferredLegacyHashMode } : {}),
+    name: deviceData.name || 'QR Wallet'
+  }
+}
+
+// Parse a crypto-account or crypto-hdkey UR to extract device data
+export function parseAccountSyncUR(urData: string): QRDeviceData {
+  const decoder = new URDecoder()
+
+  // Handle animated QR by accumulating parts
+  decoder.receivePart(urData)
+
+  if (!decoder.isComplete()) {
+    throw new Error('Incomplete UR data - need more QR frames')
+  }
+
+  const ur = decoder.resultUR()
+  const type = ur.type
+
+  if (type === 'crypto-hdkey') {
+    return parseCryptoHDKey(ur)
+  } else if (type === 'crypto-account') {
+    return parseCryptoAccount(ur)
+  } else {
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported UR type: ${type}`)
+  }
+}
+
+function parseCryptoHDKey(ur: any): QRDeviceData {
+  const cryptoHDKey = CryptoHDKey.fromCBOR(ur.cbor)
+
+  return normalizeQRDeviceData({
+    masterFingerprint: cryptoHDKey.getOrigin()?.getSourceFingerprint()?.toString('hex') || '',
+    xpub: cryptoHDKey.getBip32Key(),
+    derivationPath: cryptoHDKey.getOrigin()?.getPath() || DEFAULT_QR_DERIVATION_PATH,
+    accountSource: cryptoHDKey.getNote(),
+    childrenPath: cryptoHDKey.getChildren()?.getPath(),
+    name: 'QR Wallet'
+  })
+}
+
+function parseCryptoAccount(ur: any): QRDeviceData {
+  const cryptoAccount = CryptoAccount.fromCBOR(ur.cbor)
+
+  const masterFingerprint = cryptoAccount.getMasterFingerprint().toString('hex')
+  const outputDescriptors = cryptoAccount.getOutputDescriptors()
+
+  // Find the first HD key descriptor for Ethereum
+  for (const descriptor of outputDescriptors) {
+    const hdKey = descriptor.getCryptoKey()
+    if (hdKey instanceof CryptoHDKey) {
+      const xpub = hdKey.getBip32Key()
+      const origin = hdKey.getOrigin()
+      return normalizeQRDeviceData({
+        masterFingerprint,
+        xpub,
+        derivationPath: origin?.getPath() || DEFAULT_QR_DERIVATION_PATH,
+        accountSource: hdKey.getNote(),
+        childrenPath: hdKey.getChildren()?.getPath(),
+        name: 'QR Wallet'
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error('No HD key found in crypto-account')
+}
+
+// Create an animated QR decoder for handling multi-part URs
+export function createURDecoder(): URDecoder {
+  return new URDecoder()
+}
+
+// Check if a UR decoder has received all parts
+export function isURComplete(decoder: URDecoder): boolean {
+  return decoder.isComplete()
+}
+
+// Get the progress of a multi-part UR (0-1)
+export function getURProgress(decoder: URDecoder): number {
+  return decoder.getProgress()
+}
+
+// Encode an Ethereum sign request to UR format
+export function encodeEthSignRequest(
+  requestId: string,
+  signData: string,
+  dataType: 'transaction' | 'typedTransaction' | 'message' | 'typedData',
+  chainId: number,
+  derivationPath: string,
+  address: string,
+  masterFingerprint?: string
+): { urData: string; animated: boolean; frames?: string[] } {
+  let ethDataType: DataType
+
+  switch (dataType) {
+    case 'transaction':
+      ethDataType = DataType.transaction
+      break
+    case 'typedTransaction':
+      // EIP-1559 and EIP-2930 typed transactions use typedTransaction (value 4)
+      ethDataType = DataType.typedTransaction
+      break
+    case 'message':
+      ethDataType = DataType.personalMessage
+      break
+    case 'typedData':
+      ethDataType = DataType.typedData
+      break
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported data type: ${dataType}`)
+  }
+
+  // Convert master fingerprint hex string to proper format for Keystone
+  // The xfp should be passed as hex string (8 characters = 4 bytes)
+  const xfp = masterFingerprint || ''
+
+  const signDataBytes = Buffer.from(stripHexPrefix(signData), 'hex')
+  const signRequest = EthSignRequest.constructETHRequest(
+    signDataBytes,
+    ethDataType,
+    derivationPath,
+    xfp,
+    requestId,
+    chainId,
+    address
+  )
+
+  const ur = signRequest.toUR()
+  const encoder = new UREncoder(ur, 400) // 400 bytes per fragment
+
+  if (encoder.fragmentsLength === 1) {
+    return {
+      urData: encoder.nextPart().toUpperCase(),
+      animated: false
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Multiple fragments needed - generate all frames
+  const frames: string[] = []
+  while (frames.length < encoder.fragmentsLength) {
+    frames.push(encoder.nextPart().toUpperCase())
+  }
+
+  return {
+    urData: frames[0],
+    animated: true,
+    frames
+  }
+}
+
+// Parse a signature UR response
+export function parseSignatureUR(urData: string): {
+  signature: string
+  requestId: string
+  requestIdHex: string
+  requestIdUuid: string
+} {
+  const decoder = new URDecoder()
+  decoder.receivePart(urData)
+
+  if (!decoder.isComplete()) {
+    throw new Error('Incomplete signature UR')
+  }
+
+  const ur = decoder.resultUR()
+
+  if (ur.type !== 'eth-signature') {
+    throw new Error(`Expected eth-signature, got ${ur.type}`)
+  }
+
+  const ethSignature = ETHSignature.fromCBOR(ur.cbor)
+  const signature = ethSignature.getSignature()
+  const requestIdBuffer = ethSignature.getRequestId()
+  if (requestIdBuffer && requestIdBuffer.length !== 16) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid signature requestId length: ${requestIdBuffer.length}`)
+  }
+  const requestIdHex = requestIdBuffer ? requestIdBuffer.toString('hex') : ''
+  const requestIdUuid =
+    requestIdBuffer && requestIdBuffer.length === 16 ? stringifyUuid(requestIdBuffer).toLowerCase() : ''
+
+  // Combine r, s, v into a single signature string
+  const r = signature.slice(0, 32)
+  const s = signature.slice(32, 64)
+  const v = signature[64]
+
+  const signatureHex = addHexPrefix(r.toString('hex') + s.toString('hex') + v.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'))
+
+  return {
+    signature: signatureHex,
+    requestId: requestIdHex,
+    requestIdHex,
+    requestIdUuid
+  }
+}
+
+// Serialize a transaction for signing
+export function serializeTransactionForSigning(tx: TransactionData, chainId: number): string {
+  // This will be used to create the unsigned transaction bytes
+  // The exact serialization depends on the transaction type (legacy vs EIP-1559)
+
+  const txData: any = {
+    nonce: tx.nonce,
+    gasLimit: tx.gasLimit,
+    to: tx.to,
+    value: tx.value,
+    data: tx.data,
+    chainId
+  }
+
+  if (tx.maxFeePerGas && tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas) {
+    // EIP-1559 transaction
+    txData.maxFeePerGas = tx.maxFeePerGas
+    txData.maxPriorityFeePerGas = tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas
+    txData.type = 2
+  } else {
+    // Legacy transaction
+    txData.gasPrice = tx.gasPrice
+  }
+
+  // Return hex-encoded unsigned transaction
+  // Note: In production, use @ethereumjs/tx to properly serialize
+  return JSON.stringify(txData)
+}
diff --git a/main/store/actions/index.js b/main/store/actions/index.js
index 8803d4f003..dafd50a78b 100644
--- a/main/store/actions/index.js
+++ b/main/store/actions/index.js
@@ -200,6 +200,22 @@ module.exports = {
   setTrezorDerivation: (u, value) => {
     u('main.trezor.derivation', () => value)
   },
+  // QR Hardware Wallet Actions
+  setQRDevices: (u, devices) => {
+    u('main.qr.devices', () => devices)
+  },
+  setQRSignRequest: (u, signerId, request) => {
+    u('main.qr.signRequest', () => (request ? { signerId, ...request } : null))
+  },
+  clearQRSignRequest: (u) => {
+    u('main.qr.signRequest', () => null)
+  },
+  setQRVerifyAddress: (u, signerId, data) => {
+    u('main.qr.verifyAddress', () => (data ? { signerId, ...data } : null))
+  },
+  clearQRVerifyAddress: (u) => {
+    u('main.qr.verifyAddress', () => null)
+  },
   setLiveAccountLimit: (u, value) => {
     u('main.ledger.liveAccountLimit', () => value)
   },
diff --git a/main/store/state/index.ts b/main/store/state/index.ts
index e541da0c2a..4eb6dcadbe 100644
--- a/main/store/state/index.ts
+++ b/main/store/state/index.ts
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ type M = Main & {
   latticeSettings: any
   ledger: any
   trezor: any
+  qr: any
   privacy: any
   addresses: any
   tokens: any
@@ -151,6 +152,11 @@ const mainState: M = {
   trezor: {
     derivation: main('trezor.derivation', 'standard')
   },
+  qr: {
+    devices: main('qr.devices', {}),
+    signRequest: null,
+    verifyAddress: null
+  },
   origins: main('origins', {}),
   knownExtensions: main('knownExtensions', {}),
   privacy: {
diff --git a/main/windows/index.ts b/main/windows/index.ts
index a382ace55b..ad1f1f959d 100644
--- a/main/windows/index.ts
+++ b/main/windows/index.ts
@@ -141,7 +141,14 @@ function initTrayWindow() {
   initWindow('tray', trayOpts)
 
   windows.tray.on('closed', () => delete windows.tray)
-  windows.tray.webContents.session.setPermissionRequestHandler((webContents, permission, res) => res(false))
+  windows.tray.webContents.session.setPermissionRequestHandler((webContents, permission, res) => {
+    // Allow camera/microphone for QR code scanning
+    if (permission === 'media') {
+      res(true)
+    } else {
+      res(false)
+    }
+  })
   windows.tray.setResizable(false)
   windows.tray.setMovable(false)
 
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 29f1c9b045..dee1317af0 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@
         "@ethersproject/providers": "5.7.2",
         "@framelabs/pylon-client": "0.0.10",
         "@githubprimer/octicons-react": "8.5.0",
+        "@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth": "0.22.1",
         "@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth": "6.42.1",
         "@ledgerhq/hw-transport-node-hid-noevents": "6.30.5",
         "@ledgerhq/hw-transport-node-hid-singleton": "6.31.5",
         "@ledgerhq/hw-transport-web-ble": "6.29.4",
         "@metamask/eth-sig-util": "5.0.2",
+        "@ngraveio/bc-ur": "1.1.13",
         "@sentry/electron": "4.3.0",
         "@trezor/connect": "9.4.7",
+        "@zxing/browser": "0.1.5",
+        "@zxing/library": "0.21.3",
         "auto-launch": "5.0.5",
         "bip39": "3.1.0",
         "cheerio": "1.0.0-rc.12",
@@ -51,6 +55,7 @@
         "nebula": "0.1.5",
         "node-fetch": "2.6.7",
         "node-hid": "2.1.2",
+        "qrcode": "1.5.3",
         "query-string": "7.1.3",
         "react": "18.2.0",
         "react-dom": "18.2.0",
@@ -194,6 +199,7 @@
       "version": "7.25.9",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/core/-/core-7.25.9.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-WYvQviPw+Qyib0v92AwNIrdLISTp7RfDkM7bPqBvpbnhY4wq8HvHBZREVdYDXk98C8BkOIVnHAY3yvj7AVISxQ==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@ampproject/remapping": "^2.2.0",
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.25.9",
@@ -2172,6 +2178,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv/-/ajv-6.12.6.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-j3fVLgvTo527anyYyJOGTYJbG+vnnQYvE0m5mmkc1TK+nxAppkCLMIL0aZ4dblVCNoGShhm+kzE4ZUykBoMg4g==",
       "dev": true,
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.1",
         "fast-json-stable-stringify": "^2.0.0",
@@ -4571,6 +4578,140 @@
         "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.14"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/alias-sampling": {
+      "version": "0.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@keystonehq/alias-sampling/-/alias-sampling-0.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5ukLB3bcgltgaFfQfYKYwHDUbwHicekYo53fSEa7xhVkAEqsA74kxdIwoBIURmGUtXe3EVIRm4SYlgcrt2Ri0w==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry": {
+      "version": "0.7.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry/-/bc-ur-registry-0.7.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6eVIjNt/P+BmuwcYccbPYVS85473SFNplkqWF/Vb3ePCzLX00tn0WZBO1FGpS4X4nfXtceTfvUeNvQKoTGtXrw==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@ngraveio/bc-ur": "^1.1.5",
+        "bs58check": "^2.1.2",
+        "tslib": "^2.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth": {
+      "version": "0.22.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/-/bc-ur-registry-eth-0.22.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JNHSDgFSkuJ48D3kJabAidHQ2tI7+lbm3uQM/usZVYg4HQfPd3vaCblpAWhC6u29YqOBkHDhVANSxikrKiU44g==",
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@ethereumjs/util": "^9.0.3",
+        "@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry": "^0.7.0",
+        "hdkey": "^2.0.1",
+        "uuid": "^8.3.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/@ethereumjs/rlp": {
+      "version": "5.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ethereumjs/rlp/-/rlp-5.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DziebCdg4JpGlEqEdGgXmjqcFoJi+JGulUXwEjsZGAscAQ7MyD/7LE/GVCP29vEQxKc7AAwjT3A2ywHp2xfoCA==",
+      "license": "MPL-2.0",
+      "bin": {
+        "rlp": "bin/rlp.cjs"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/@ethereumjs/util": {
+      "version": "9.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ethereumjs/util/-/util-9.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XBEKsYqLGXLah9PNJbgdkigthkG7TAGvlD/sH12beMXEyHDyigfcbdvHhmLyDWgDyOJn4QwiQUaF7yeuhnjdog==",
+      "license": "MPL-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@ethereumjs/rlp": "^5.0.2",
+        "ethereum-cryptography": "^2.2.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/@noble/hashes": {
+      "version": "1.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/hashes/-/hashes-1.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-V1JJ1WTRUqHHrOSh597hURcMqVKVGL/ea3kv0gSnEdsEZ0/+VyPghM1lMNGc00z7CIQorSvbKpuJkxvuHbvdbg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/@scure/bip32": {
+      "version": "1.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/bip32/-/bip32-1.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sVUpc0Vq3tXCkDGYVWGIZTRfnvu8LoTDaev7vbwh0omSvVORONr960MQWdKqJDCReIEmTj3PAr73O3aoxz7OPg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/curves": "~1.4.0",
+        "@noble/hashes": "~1.4.0",
+        "@scure/base": "~1.1.6"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/@scure/bip39": {
+      "version": "1.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@scure/bip39/-/bip39-1.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-disdg7gHuTDZtY+ZdkmLpPCk7fxZSu3gBiEGuoC1XYxv9cGx3Z6cpTggCgW6odSOOIXCiDjuGejW+aJKCY/pIQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/hashes": "~1.4.0",
+        "@scure/base": "~1.1.6"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://paulmillr.com/funding/"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/ethereum-cryptography": {
+      "version": "2.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ethereum-cryptography/-/ethereum-cryptography-2.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-r/W8lkHSiTLxUxW8Rf3u4HGB0xQweG2RyETjywylKZSzLWoWAijRz8WCuOtJ6wah+avllXBqZuk29HCCvhEIRg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@noble/curves": "1.4.2",
+        "@noble/hashes": "1.4.0",
+        "@scure/bip32": "1.4.0",
+        "@scure/bip39": "1.3.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth/node_modules/uuid": {
+      "version": "8.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-8.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+NYs2QeMWy+GWFOEm9xnn6HCDp0l7QBD7ml8zLUmJ+93Q5NF0NocErnwkTkXVFNiX3/fpC6afS8Dhb/gz7R7eg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "uuid": "dist/bin/uuid"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry/node_modules/bs58": {
+      "version": "4.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bs58/-/bs58-4.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ok3Wdf5vOIlBrgCvTq96gBkJw+JUEzdBgyaza5HLtPm7yTHkjRy8+JzNyHF7BHa0bNWOQIp3m5YF0nnFcOIKLw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "base-x": "^3.0.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry/node_modules/bs58check": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bs58check/-/bs58check-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0TS1jicxdU09dwJMNZtVAfzPi6Q6QeN0pM1Fkzrjn+XYHvzMKPU3pHVpva+769iNVSfIYWf7LJ6WR+BuuMf8cA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "bs58": "^4.0.0",
+        "create-hash": "^1.1.0",
+        "safe-buffer": "^5.1.2"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@lavamoat/aa": {
       "version": "4.3.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@lavamoat/aa/-/aa-4.3.1.tgz",
@@ -4615,6 +4756,7 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-9xSsxxryPMyBWxfV+Ver7FZhvC1PhE1wDCsYFwsiqZzmeWH8e7Y7gWRFJqPw4M8WNbfeuPhKbLdCK3GsPz9gKg==",
       "dev": true,
       "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": "^16.20.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0"
       }
@@ -5188,6 +5330,21 @@
         "murmurhash3js-revisited": "^3.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@ngraveio/bc-ur": {
+      "version": "1.1.13",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ngraveio/bc-ur/-/bc-ur-1.1.13.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-j73akJMV4+vLR2yQ4AphPIT5HZmxVjn/LxpL7YHoINnXoH6ccc90Zzck6/n6a3bCXOVZwBxq+YHwbAKRV+P8Zg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@keystonehq/alias-sampling": "^0.1.1",
+        "assert": "^2.0.0",
+        "bignumber.js": "^9.0.1",
+        "cbor-sync": "^1.0.4",
+        "crc": "^3.8.0",
+        "jsbi": "^3.1.5",
+        "sha.js": "^2.4.11"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@noble/curves": {
       "version": "1.4.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@noble/curves/-/curves-1.4.2.tgz",
@@ -6203,6 +6360,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@parcel/core/-/core-2.13.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-SRZFtqGiaKHlZ2YAvf+NHvBFWS3GnkBvJMfOJM7kxJRK3M1bhbwJa/GgSdzqro5UVf9Bfj6E+pkdrRQIOZ7jMQ==",
       "dev": true,
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@mischnic/json-sourcemap": "^0.1.0",
         "@parcel/cache": "2.13.3",
@@ -8406,6 +8564,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@testing-library/dom/-/dom-9.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-fTOVsMY9QLFCCXRHG3Ese6cMH5qIWwSbgxZsgeF5TNsy81HKaZ4kgehnSF8FsR3OF+numlIV2YcU79MzbnhSig==",
       "dev": true,
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.10.4",
         "@babel/runtime": "^7.12.5",
@@ -9762,6 +9921,7 @@
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@solana/web3.js/-/web3.js-2.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-x+ZRB2/r5tVK/xw8QRbAfgPcX51G9f2ifEyAQ/J5npOO+6+MPeeCjtr5UxHNDAYs9Ypo0PN+YJATCO4vhzQJGg==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@solana/accounts": "2.0.0",
         "@solana/addresses": "2.0.0",
@@ -10119,6 +10279,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/babel__core/-/babel__core-7.20.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-qoQprZvz5wQFJwMDqeseRXWv3rqMvhgpbXFfVyWhbx9X47POIA6i/+dXefEmZKoAgOaTdaIgNSMqMIU61yRyzA==",
       "devOptional": true,
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/parser": "^7.20.7",
         "@babel/types": "^7.20.7",
@@ -10402,8 +10563,7 @@
       "version": "15.7.14",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/prop-types/-/prop-types-15.7.14.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-gNMvNH49DJ7OJYv+KAKn0Xp45p8PLl6zo2YnvDIbTd4J6MER2BmWN49TG7n9LvkyihINxeKW8+3bfS2yDC9dzQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "peer": true
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/react": {
       "version": "18.3.18",
@@ -10545,6 +10705,7 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/-/eslint-plugin-5.54.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-a2RQAkosH3d3ZIV08s3DcL/mcGc2M/UC528VkPULFxR9VnVPT8pBu0IyBAJJmVsCmhVfwQX1v6q+QGnmSe1bew==",
       "dev": true,
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": "5.54.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/type-utils": "5.54.1",
@@ -10579,6 +10740,7 @@
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+          "integrity": "sha512-aePbxDmcYW++PaqBsJ+HYUFwCdv4LVvdnhBy78E57PIor8/OVvhMrADFFEDh8DHDFRv/O9i3lPhsENjO7QX0+A==",
+          "requires": {
+            "cliui": "^6.0.0",
+            "decamelize": "^1.2.0",
+            "find-up": "^4.1.0",
+            "get-caller-file": "^2.0.1",
+            "require-directory": "^2.1.1",
+            "require-main-filename": "^2.0.0",
+            "set-blocking": "^2.0.0",
+            "string-width": "^4.2.0",
+            "which-module": "^2.0.0",
+            "y18n": "^4.0.0",
+            "yargs-parser": "^18.1.2"
+          }
+        },
+        "yargs-parser": {
+          "version": "18.1.3",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-parser/-/yargs-parser-18.1.3.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-o50j0JeToy/4K6OZcaQmW6lyXXKhq7csREXcDwk2omFPJEwUNOVtJKvmDr9EI1fAJZUyZcRF7kxGBWmRXudrCQ==",
+          "requires": {
+            "camelcase": "^5.0.0",
+            "decamelize": "^1.2.0"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "qs": {
       "version": "6.5.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/qs/-/qs-6.5.3.tgz",
@@ -45934,6 +46539,7 @@
       "version": "18.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react/-/react-18.2.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-/3IjMdb2L9QbBdWiW5e3P2/npwMBaU9mHCSCUzNln0ZCYbcfTsGbTJrU/kGemdH2IWmB2ioZ+zkxtmq6g09fGQ==",
+      "peer": true,
       "requires": {
         "loose-envify": "^1.1.0"
       }
@@ -45942,6 +46548,7 @@
       "version": "18.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-dom/-/react-dom-18.2.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-6IMTriUmvsjHUjNtEDudZfuDQUoWXVxKHhlEGSk81n4YFS+r/Kl99wXiwlVXtPBtJenozv2P+hxDsw9eA7Xo6g==",
+      "peer": true,
       "requires": {
         "loose-envify": "^1.1.0",
         "scheduler": "^0.23.0"
@@ -46021,7 +46628,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/readdir-glob/-/readdir-glob-1.1.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-v05I2k7xN8zXvPD9N+z/uhXPaj0sUFCe2rcWZIpBsqxfP7xXFQ0tipAd/wjj1YxWyWtUS5IDJpOG82JKt2EAVA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "peer": true,
       "requires": {
         "minimatch": "^5.1.0"
       },
@@ -46031,7 +46637,6 @@
           "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-5.1.6.tgz",
           "integrity": "sha512-lKwV/1brpG6mBUFHtb7NUmtABCb2WZZmm2wNiOA5hAb8VdCS4B3dtMWyvcoViccwAW/COERjXLt0zP1zXUN26g==",
           "dev": true,
-          "peer": true,
           "requires": {
             "brace-expansion": "^2.0.1"
           }
@@ -46223,14 +46828,18 @@
     "require-directory": {
       "version": "2.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-directory/-/require-directory-2.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fGxEI7+wsG9xrvdjsrlmL22OMTTiHRwAMroiEeMgq8gzoLC/PQr7RsRDSTLUg/bZAZtF+TVIkHc6/4RIKrui+Q==",
-      "dev": true
+      "integrity": "sha512-fGxEI7+wsG9xrvdjsrlmL22OMTTiHRwAMroiEeMgq8gzoLC/PQr7RsRDSTLUg/bZAZtF+TVIkHc6/4RIKrui+Q=="
     },
     "require-from-string": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-from-string/-/require-from-string-2.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Xf0nWe6RseziFMu+Ap9biiUbmplq6S9/p+7w7YXP/JBHhrUDDUhwa+vANyubuqfZWTveU//DYVGsDG7RKL/vEw=="
     },
+    "require-main-filename": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-main-filename/-/require-main-filename-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NKN5kMDylKuldxYLSUfrbo5Tuzh4hd+2E8NPPX02mZtn1VuREQToYe/ZdlJy+J3uCpfaiGF05e7B8W0iXbQHmg=="
+    },
     "requires-port": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/requires-port/-/requires-port-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -46678,8 +47287,7 @@
     "set-blocking": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/set-blocking/-/set-blocking-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-KiKBS8AnWGEyLzofFfmvKwpdPzqiy16LvQfK3yv/fVH7Bj13/wl3JSR1J+rfgRE9q7xUJK4qvgS8raSOeLUehw==",
-      "dev": true
+      "integrity": "sha512-KiKBS8AnWGEyLzofFfmvKwpdPzqiy16LvQfK3yv/fVH7Bj13/wl3JSR1J+rfgRE9q7xUJK4qvgS8raSOeLUehw=="
     },
     "set-function-length": {
       "version": "1.2.2",
@@ -47055,14 +47663,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sprintf-js/-/sprintf-js-1.1.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Oo+0REFV59/rz3gfJNKQiBlwfHaSESl1pcGyABQsnnIfWOFt6JNj5gCog2U6MLZ//IGYD+nA8nI+mTShREReaA=="
     },
-    "srcset": {
-      "version": "5.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/srcset/-/srcset-5.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-/P1UYbGfJVlxZag7aABNRrulEXAwCSDo7fklafOQrantuPTDmYgijJMks2zusPCVzgW9+4P69mq7w6pYuZpgxw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "optional": true,
-      "peer": true
-    },
     "sshpk": {
       "version": "1.18.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sshpk/-/sshpk-1.18.0.tgz",
@@ -47227,7 +47827,6 @@
       "version": "4.2.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==",
-      "dev": true,
       "requires": {
         "emoji-regex": "^8.0.0",
         "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
@@ -47308,7 +47907,6 @@
       "version": "6.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==",
-      "dev": true,
       "requires": {
         "ansi-regex": "^5.0.1"
       }
@@ -47352,6 +47950,7 @@
       "version": "5.3.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/styled-components/-/styled-components-5.3.8.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-6jQrlvaJQ16uWVVO0rBfApaTPItkqaG32l3746enNZzpMDxMvzmHzj8rHUg39bvVtom0Y8o8ZzWuchEXKGjVsg==",
+      "peer": true,
       "requires": {
         "@babel/helper-module-imports": "^7.0.0",
         "@babel/traverse": "^7.4.5",
@@ -47705,7 +48304,8 @@
           "version": "4.0.2",
           "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-4.0.2.tgz",
           "integrity": "sha512-M7BAV6Rlcy5u+m6oPhAPFgJTzAioX/6B0DxyvDlo9l8+T3nLKbrczg2WLUyzd45L8RqfUMyGPzekbMvX2Ldkwg==",
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "peer": true
         }
       }
     },
@@ -47823,6 +48423,11 @@
         "utf8-byte-length": "^1.0.1"
       }
     },
+    "ts-custom-error": {
+      "version": "3.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-custom-error/-/ts-custom-error-3.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5OX1tzOjxWEgsr/YEUWSuPrQ00deKLh6D7OTWcvNHm12/7QPyRh8SYpyWvA4IZv8H/+GQWQEh/kwo95Q9OVW1A=="
+    },
     "ts-jest": {
       "version": "29.0.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-jest/-/ts-jest-29.0.5.tgz",
@@ -47855,7 +48460,8 @@
     "tslib": {
       "version": "2.8.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tslib/-/tslib-2.8.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w=="
+      "integrity": "sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w==",
+      "peer": true
     },
     "tsort": {
       "version": "0.0.1",
@@ -47980,7 +48586,8 @@
       "version": "4.9.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-4.9.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-1FXk9E2Hm+QzZQ7z+McJiHL4NW1F2EzMu9Nq9i3zAaGqibafqYwCVU6WyWAuyQRRzOlxou8xZSyXLEN8oKj24g==",
-      "dev": true
+      "dev": true,
+      "peer": true
     },
     "ua-parser-js": {
       "version": "1.0.40",
@@ -48472,6 +49079,11 @@
         "is-weakset": "^2.0.3"
       }
     },
+    "which-module": {
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which-module/-/which-module-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iBdZ57RDvnOR9AGBhML2vFZf7h8vmBjhoaZqODJBFWHVtKkDmKuHai3cx5PgVMrX5YDNp27AofYbAwctSS+vhQ=="
+    },
     "which-typed-array": {
       "version": "1.1.18",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which-typed-array/-/which-typed-array-1.1.18.tgz",
@@ -48597,6 +49209,7 @@
       "version": "8.18.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.18.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-8VbfWfHLbbwu3+N6OKsOMpBdT4kXPDDB9cJk2bJ6mh9ucxdlnNvH1e+roYkKmN9Nxw2yjz7VzeO9oOz2zJ04Pw==",
+      "peer": true,
       "requires": {}
     },
     "xhr2-cookies": {
@@ -48709,7 +49322,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zip-stream/-/zip-stream-4.1.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-9qv4rlDiopXg4E69k+vMHjNN63YFMe9sZMrdlvKnCjlCRWeCBswPPMPUfx+ipsAWq1LXHe70RcbaHdJJpS6hyQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "peer": true,
       "requires": {
         "archiver-utils": "^3.0.4",
         "compress-commons": "^4.1.2",
@@ -48721,7 +49333,6 @@
           "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/archiver-utils/-/archiver-utils-3.0.4.tgz",
           "integrity": "sha512-KVgf4XQVrTjhyWmx6cte4RxonPLR9onExufI1jhvw/MQ4BB6IsZD5gT8Lq+u/+pRkWna/6JoHpiQioaqFP5Rzw==",
           "dev": true,
-          "peer": true,
           "requires": {
             "glob": "^7.2.3",
             "graceful-fs": "^4.2.0",
@@ -48740,7 +49351,6 @@
           "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.11.tgz",
           "integrity": "sha512-iCuPHDFgrHX7H2vEI/5xpz07zSHB00TpugqhmYtVmMO6518mCuRMoOYFldEBl0g187ufozdaHgWKcYFb61qGiA==",
           "dev": true,
-          "peer": true,
           "requires": {
             "balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
             "concat-map": "0.0.1"
@@ -48751,7 +49361,6 @@
           "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob/-/glob-7.2.3.tgz",
           "integrity": "sha512-nFR0zLpU2YCaRxwoCJvL6UvCH2JFyFVIvwTLsIf21AuHlMskA1hhTdk+LlYJtOlYt9v6dvszD2BGRqBL+iQK9Q==",
           "dev": true,
-          "peer": true,
           "requires": {
             "fs.realpath": "^1.0.0",
             "inflight": "^1.0.4",
@@ -48766,7 +49375,6 @@
           "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
           "integrity": "sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==",
           "dev": true,
-          "peer": true,
           "requires": {
             "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
           }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index dbeb5ce08e..0f168e721d 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -69,6 +69,11 @@
     "@ethersproject/providers": "5.7.2",
     "@framelabs/pylon-client": "0.0.10",
     "@githubprimer/octicons-react": "8.5.0",
+    "@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth": "0.22.1",
+    "@ngraveio/bc-ur": "1.1.13",
+    "@zxing/browser": "0.1.5",
+    "@zxing/library": "0.21.3",
+    "qrcode": "1.5.3",
     "@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth": "6.42.1",
     "@ledgerhq/hw-transport-node-hid-noevents": "6.30.5",
     "@ledgerhq/hw-transport-node-hid-singleton": "6.31.5",
diff --git a/resources/domain/signer/index.ts b/resources/domain/signer/index.ts
index 32ebd625be..68ea266b8a 100644
--- a/resources/domain/signer/index.ts
+++ b/resources/domain/signer/index.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ export enum Type {
   Seed = 'seed',
   Trezor = 'trezor',
   Ledger = 'ledger',
-  Lattice = 'lattice'
+  Lattice = 'lattice',
+  QR = 'qr'
 }
 
 export function getSignerType(typeValue: string) {
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ export function getSignerDisplayType(typeOrSigner: string | Signer = '') {
 export function isHardwareSigner(typeOrSigner: string | Signer = '') {
   const signerType = typeof typeOrSigner === 'string' ? typeOrSigner : (typeOrSigner as Signer).type
 
-  return ['ledger', 'trezor', 'lattice'].includes(signerType.toLowerCase())
+  return ['ledger', 'trezor', 'lattice', 'qr'].includes(signerType.toLowerCase())
 }
 
 export function isSignerReady(signer: Signer) {
diff --git a/resources/svg/index.js b/resources/svg/index.js
index dd51f1080f..202a5d3733 100644
--- a/resources/svg/index.js
+++ b/resources/svg/index.js
@@ -562,6 +562,18 @@ export default {
       </div>
     )
   },
+  qr: (size) => {
+    return (
+      <div style={{ width: size + 'px', height: size + 'px' }}>
+        <svg viewBox='0 0 448 512' width={size + 'px'} height={size + 'px'}>
+          <path
+            fill='currentColor'
+            d='M0 224h192V32H0v192zM64 96h64v64H64V96zm192-64v192h192V32H256zm128 128h-64V96h64v64zM0 480h192V288H0v192zm64-128h64v64H64v-64zm352-64h32v128h-96v-32h-32v96h-64V288h96v32h64v-32zm0 160h32v32h-32v-32zm-64 0h32v32h-32v-32z'
+          />
+        </svg>
+      </div>
+    )
+  },
   // close: size => {
   //   return (
   //     <div style={{ width: size + 'px', height: size + 'px' }}>
diff --git a/test/main/signers/qr/QRSigner.test.js b/test/main/signers/qr/QRSigner.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..765bdfd0c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/main/signers/qr/QRSigner.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import { addHexPrefix, ecsign, privateToAddress } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+import { TransactionFactory } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
+
+import QRSigner from '../../../../main/signers/qr/QRSigner'
+import { buildQRTxPayload, computeLegacyRecoveryHash } from '../../../../main/signers/qr/transaction-utils'
+import chainConfig from '../../../../main/chains/config'
+
+function buildSigner() {
+  return new QRSigner({
+    profileId: 'profile',
+    masterFingerprint: '1234abcd',
+    xpub: 'xpub661MyMwAqRbcF9z4sN3YQh6UBYvA4Y4Yf3xV7uqhNq6yYf6Q4aSYuGmL8i8QxA',
+    derivationPath: "m/44'/60'/0'",
+    name: 'Test QR'
+  })
+}
+
+function buildRawTx() {
+  return {
+    chainId: '0xa4b1',
+    type: '0x0',
+    nonce: '0x23',
+    gasLimit: '0x4c2444',
+    gasPrice: '0x17d7840',
+    to: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead',
+    value: '0x0',
+    data: '0x',
+    gasFeesSource: 'Frame'
+  }
+}
+
+function addressFromPrivateKey(privateKeyHex) {
+  const privateKey = Buffer.from(privateKeyHex.replace(/^0x/, ''), 'hex')
+  return addHexPrefix(privateToAddress(privateKey).toString('hex'))
+}
+
+function signLegacyCandidate(candidate, privateKeyHex, hashMode = 'keccak') {
+  const privateKey = Buffer.from(privateKeyHex.replace(/^0x/, ''), 'hex')
+  const hash = computeLegacyRecoveryHash(candidate.signDataBytes, hashMode)
+  const { r, s, v } = ecsign(hash, privateKey)
+  const recoveryId = Number(v - 27n)
+
+  return `0x${r.toString('hex')}${s.toString('hex')}${recoveryId.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')}`
+}
+
+function recoverSenderFromSerializedTx(serializedHex, chainId) {
+  const common = chainConfig(chainId, 'berlin')
+  const txBytes = Buffer.from(serializedHex.replace(/^0x/, ''), 'hex')
+  const tx = TransactionFactory.fromSerializedData(txBytes, { common })
+  return tx.getSenderAddress().toString().toLowerCase()
+}
+
+describe('QRSigner legacy signature compatibility', () => {
+  it('accepts fallback when signature matches legacy unsigned encoding', async () => {
+    const signer = buildSigner()
+    const callback = jest.fn()
+    const rawTx = buildRawTx()
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx)
+    const legacyUnsignedCandidate = payload.legacyCandidates.find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.encodingId === 'legacy-unsigned'
+    )
+    expect(legacyUnsignedCandidate).toBeDefined()
+    const privateKey = '0x59c6995e998f97a5a004497e5daef286fdb74f3f6f20f07a5f8f2b2d6f5f6f9a'
+    const expectedAddress = addressFromPrivateKey(privateKey)
+
+    signer.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index: 0,
+      data: {
+        rawTx,
+        address: expectedAddress
+      },
+      callback,
+      txPayloadSnapshot: payload
+    }
+
+    const signature = signLegacyCandidate(legacyUnsignedCandidate, privateKey)
+    const result = await signer.submitSignature(signature, {
+      txEncodingStrategy: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned'
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ selectedLegacyEncoding: 'legacy-unsigned', selectedHashMode: 'keccak' })
+    expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(callback.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeNull()
+    expect(callback.mock.calls[0][1]).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(signer.pendingSignRequest).toBeNull()
+
+    const serializedTx = callback.mock.calls[0][1]
+    const recoveredSender = recoverSenderFromSerializedTx(serializedTx, 42161)
+    expect(recoveredSender).toBe(expectedAddress.toLowerCase())
+  })
+
+  it('accepts sha256 hash-mode fallback for legacy signatures', async () => {
+    const signer = buildSigner()
+    const callback = jest.fn()
+    const rawTx = buildRawTx()
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx)
+    const legacyCandidate = payload.legacyCandidates[0]
+    const privateKey = '0x59c6995e998f97a5a004497e5daef286fdb74f3f6f20f07a5f8f2b2d6f5f6f9a'
+    const expectedAddress = addressFromPrivateKey(privateKey)
+
+    signer.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index: 0,
+      data: {
+        rawTx,
+        address: expectedAddress
+      },
+      callback,
+      txPayloadSnapshot: payload
+    }
+
+    const signature = signLegacyCandidate(legacyCandidate, privateKey, 'sha256')
+    const result = await signer.submitSignature(signature, {
+      txEncodingStrategy: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned'
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      selectedLegacyEncoding: 'legacy-unsigned',
+      selectedHashMode: 'sha256'
+    })
+    expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(callback.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeNull()
+    expect(callback.mock.calls[0][1]).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+  })
+
+  it('serializes correctly when device signs eip155 encoding', async () => {
+    const signer = buildSigner()
+    const callback = jest.fn()
+    const rawTx = buildRawTx()
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx)
+    const eip155Candidate = payload.legacyCandidates.find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.encodingId === 'legacy-eip155-unsigned'
+    )
+    expect(eip155Candidate).toBeDefined()
+    const privateKey = '0x59c6995e998f97a5a004497e5daef286fdb74f3f6f20f07a5f8f2b2d6f5f6f9a'
+    const expectedAddress = addressFromPrivateKey(privateKey)
+
+    signer.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index: 0,
+      data: {
+        rawTx,
+        address: expectedAddress
+      },
+      callback,
+      txPayloadSnapshot: payload
+    }
+
+    const signature = signLegacyCandidate(eip155Candidate, privateKey)
+    const result = await signer.submitSignature(signature, {
+      txEncodingStrategy: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned'
+    })
+
+    expect(result.selectedLegacyEncoding).toBe('legacy-eip155-unsigned')
+    expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(callback.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeNull()
+
+    const serializedTx = callback.mock.calls[0][1]
+    const recoveredSender = recoverSenderFromSerializedTx(serializedTx, 42161)
+    expect(recoveredSender).toBe(expectedAddress.toLowerCase())
+  })
+
+  it('keeps pending request on recoverable mismatch after all strategies', async () => {
+    const signer = buildSigner()
+    const callback = jest.fn()
+    const rawTx = buildRawTx()
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx)
+    const privateKeyUsedForSignature = '0x8b3a350cf5c34c9194ca3a545d0f7f85f6a7a9f0f22d0d8f2f9f14f2c8a4fe5b'
+    const expectedAddress = addressFromPrivateKey(
+      '0x59c6995e998f97a5a004497e5daef286fdb74f3f6f20f07a5f8f2b2d6f5f6f9a'
+    )
+
+    signer.pendingSignRequest = {
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index: 0,
+      data: {
+        rawTx,
+        address: expectedAddress
+      },
+      callback,
+      txPayloadSnapshot: payload
+    }
+
+    const signature = signLegacyCandidate(payload.legacyCandidates[0], privateKeyUsedForSignature)
+
+    await expect(signer.submitSignature(signature)).rejects.toThrow('Signature verification failed')
+    expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(signer.pendingSignRequest).not.toBeNull()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/test/main/signers/qr/adapter.test.js b/test/main/signers/qr/adapter.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5206b80039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/main/signers/qr/adapter.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import QRSignerAdapter from '../../../../main/signers/qr/adapter'
+import { QRSignError } from '../../../../main/signers/qr/errors'
+import store from '../../../../main/store'
+
+jest.mock('../../../../main/store', () => {
+  const mockedStore = jest.fn((...path) => {
+    if (path.join('.') === 'main.qr.signRequest') {
+      return { signerId: 'signer-1' }
+    }
+    return {}
+  })
+
+  mockedStore.observer = jest.fn(() => ({ remove: jest.fn() }))
+  mockedStore.clearQRSignRequest = jest.fn()
+  mockedStore.setQRDevices = jest.fn()
+  mockedStore.setQRSignRequest = jest.fn()
+  mockedStore.setQRVerifyAddress = jest.fn()
+
+  return mockedStore
+})
+
+function buildAdapterWithPendingRequest() {
+  const adapter = new QRSignerAdapter()
+  const signer = {
+    profileId: 'profile-1',
+    hasPendingSignRequest: jest.fn(() => true),
+    getPendingSignRequest: jest.fn(() => ({
+      type: 'transaction',
+      txPayloadSnapshot: { txHashHint: '0xabc' }
+    })),
+    submitSignature: jest.fn(() => Promise.resolve({})),
+    cancelSignRequest: jest.fn(),
+    clearPendingRequestSilently: jest.fn(),
+    getPreferredLegacyEncoding: jest.fn(() => 'legacy-eip155-unsigned'),
+    getPreferredLegacyHashMode: jest.fn(() => 'keccak'),
+    setPreferredLegacyEncoding: jest.fn(),
+    setPreferredLegacyHashMode: jest.fn(),
+    clearPreferredLegacySettings: jest.fn(),
+    getDeviceData: jest.fn(() => ({
+      profileId: 'profile-1',
+      masterFingerprint: '1234abcd',
+      xpub: 'xpub',
+      derivationPath: "m/44'/60'/0'",
+      preferredLegacyEncoding: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned',
+      preferredLegacyHashMode: 'sha256',
+      name: 'QR Wallet'
+    })),
+    close: jest.fn()
+  }
+
+  adapter.knownSigners = { 'signer-1': signer }
+  adapter.pendingSignRequests = {
+    'signer-1': {
+      requestId: 'f58f27db-79f8-4ecd-bfd1-dfcd7008b33f',
+      type: 'transaction',
+      index: 0,
+      expectedAddress: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001',
+      resolvedDerivationPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0",
+      createdAt: Date.now(),
+      txEncodingStrategy: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned',
+      txHashMode: 'keccak',
+      txHashHint: '0xabc',
+      txKeccakHint: '0xdef',
+      txMeta: {
+        chainId: 1,
+        txType: 0,
+        txEncodingStrategy: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned',
+        txHashMode: 'keccak',
+        txHashHint: '0xabc',
+        txKeccakHint: '0xdef'
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { adapter, signer }
+}
+
+describe('qr adapter signature submission', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('rejects signatures without request id metadata', async () => {
+    const { adapter, signer } = buildAdapterWithPendingRequest()
+
+    await expect(adapter.submitSignature('signer-1', '0xabc')).rejects.toThrow(
+      'Scanned signature is missing requestId metadata'
+    )
+    expect(signer.submitSignature).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('rejects signatures with mismatched request ids', async () => {
+    const { adapter, signer } = buildAdapterWithPendingRequest()
+
+    await expect(
+      adapter.submitSignature('signer-1', '0xabc', '9d9ded4c-36ea-4fd4-b55f-cfb572b8f7cf')
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Signature requestId mismatch')
+    expect(signer.submitSignature).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('clears the qr store request on successful submission', async () => {
+    const { adapter, signer } = buildAdapterWithPendingRequest()
+
+    await adapter.submitSignature('signer-1', '0xabc', 'f58f27db-79f8-4ecd-bfd1-dfcd7008b33f')
+
+    expect(signer.submitSignature).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(signer.submitSignature).toHaveBeenCalledWith('0xabc', {
+      txEncodingStrategy: 'legacy-eip155-unsigned',
+      txHashMode: 'keccak'
+    })
+    expect(store.clearQRSignRequest).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(adapter.pendingSignRequests['signer-1']).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('persists preferred legacy encoding when signer reports compatibility fallback', async () => {
+    const { adapter, signer } = buildAdapterWithPendingRequest()
+    signer.submitSignature.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      selectedLegacyEncoding: 'legacy-unsigned',
+      selectedHashMode: 'sha256'
+    })
+
+    await adapter.submitSignature('signer-1', '0xabc', 'f58f27db-79f8-4ecd-bfd1-dfcd7008b33f')
+
+    expect(signer.setPreferredLegacyEncoding).toHaveBeenCalledWith('legacy-unsigned')
+    expect(signer.setPreferredLegacyHashMode).toHaveBeenCalledWith('sha256')
+    expect(store.setQRDevices).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  it('keeps request context on recoverable signer failures', async () => {
+    const { adapter, signer } = buildAdapterWithPendingRequest()
+
+    signer.submitSignature.mockRejectedValueOnce(
+      new QRSignError('Address mismatch', 'QR_SIGNATURE_ADDRESS_MISMATCH', true)
+    )
+
+    await expect(
+      adapter.submitSignature('signer-1', '0xabc', 'f58f27db-79f8-4ecd-bfd1-dfcd7008b33f')
+    ).rejects.toThrow('Address mismatch')
+
+    expect(store.clearQRSignRequest).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(adapter.pendingSignRequests['signer-1']).toBeDefined()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/test/main/signers/qr/derivation.test.js b/test/main/signers/qr/derivation.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71f6c7da69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/main/signers/qr/derivation.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import {
+  buildDerivationCandidates,
+  normalizeChildrenPath,
+  normalizeOriginPath
+} from '../../../../main/signers/qr/derivation'
+
+describe('qr derivation resolver', () => {
+  it('normalizes origin and children paths', () => {
+    expect(normalizeOriginPath("44'/60'/0'")).toBe("m/44'/60'/0'")
+    expect(normalizeOriginPath("/44'/60'/0'/")).toBe("m/44'/60'/0'")
+    expect(normalizeChildrenPath('/0/*/')).toBe('0/*')
+  })
+
+  it('uses legacy default candidates when children path is missing', () => {
+    const candidates = buildDerivationCandidates("m/44'/60'/0'", undefined, 5)
+
+    expect(candidates).toEqual([
+      {
+        strategy: 'legacy-default',
+        relativePath: '0/5',
+        fullPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/5"
+      },
+      {
+        strategy: 'index-only-fallback',
+        relativePath: '5',
+        fullPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/5"
+      }
+    ])
+  })
+
+  it('materializes wildcard children paths', () => {
+    const candidates = buildDerivationCandidates("m/44'/60'/0'", '0/*', 3)
+
+    expect(candidates[0]).toEqual({
+      strategy: 'children-wildcard',
+      relativePath: '0/3',
+      fullPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/3"
+    })
+    expect(candidates[1]).toEqual({
+      strategy: 'index-only-fallback',
+      relativePath: '3',
+      fullPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/3"
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('appends index for fixed children paths', () => {
+    const candidates = buildDerivationCandidates("m/44'/60'/0'", '1', 9)
+
+    expect(candidates[0]).toEqual({
+      strategy: 'children-fixed',
+      relativePath: '1/9',
+      fullPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/1/9"
+    })
+    expect(candidates[1]).toEqual({
+      strategy: 'legacy-default',
+      relativePath: '0/9',
+      fullPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/9"
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/test/main/signers/qr/transaction-utils.test.js b/test/main/signers/qr/transaction-utils.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92fb105496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/main/signers/qr/transaction-utils.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import {
+  buildQRTxPayload,
+  computeLegacyRecoveryHash,
+  serializeSignedLegacyTransaction
+} from '../../../../main/signers/qr/transaction-utils'
+
+describe('qr transaction utils', () => {
+  it('builds both legacy sign-data candidates and chooses default eip155 encoding', () => {
+    const rawTx = {
+      chainId: '0x1',
+      type: '0x0',
+      nonce: '0x0',
+      gasLimit: '0x5208',
+      gasPrice: '0x3b9aca00',
+      to: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead',
+      value: '0x1',
+      data: '0x',
+      gasFeesSource: 'Frame'
+    }
+
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx)
+
+    expect(payload.txType).toBe(0)
+    expect(payload.isTypedTransaction).toBe(false)
+    expect(payload.chainId).toBe(1)
+    expect(payload.cleanTxData.gasPrice).toBe(rawTx.gasPrice)
+    expect(payload.txEncodingStrategy).toBe('legacy-unsigned')
+    expect(payload.txHashMode).toBe('keccak')
+    expect(payload.txHashHint).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(payload.txKeccakHint).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(payload.signData.startsWith('0x')).toBe(true)
+    expect(payload.legacyCandidates).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(payload.legacyCandidates[0].encodingId).toBe('legacy-unsigned')
+    expect(payload.legacyCandidates[1].encodingId).toBe('legacy-eip155-unsigned')
+    expect(payload.legacyCandidates[0].signData).not.toBe(payload.legacyCandidates[1].signData)
+  })
+
+  it('uses preferred legacy unsigned encoding when requested', () => {
+    const rawTx = {
+      chainId: '0xa4b1',
+      type: '0x0',
+      nonce: '0x3',
+      gasLimit: '0x5208',
+      gasPrice: '0x17d7840',
+      to: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead',
+      value: '0x0',
+      data: '0x',
+      gasFeesSource: 'Frame'
+    }
+
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx, {
+      preferredLegacyEncoding: 'legacy-unsigned'
+    })
+
+    expect(payload.txEncodingStrategy).toBe('legacy-unsigned')
+    expect(payload.txHashMode).toBe('keccak')
+    expect(payload.signData).toBe(payload.legacyCandidates[0].signData)
+  })
+
+  it('uses preferred hash mode when requested and payload supports it', () => {
+    const rawTx = {
+      chainId: '0x1',
+      type: '0x0',
+      nonce: '0x0',
+      gasLimit: '0x5208',
+      gasPrice: '0x3b9aca00',
+      to: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead',
+      value: '0x1',
+      data: '0x',
+      gasFeesSource: 'Frame'
+    }
+
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx, {
+      preferredLegacyHashMode: 'sha256'
+    })
+
+    expect(payload.txHashMode).toBe('sha256')
+  })
+
+  it('builds sign payloads for eip-1559 transactions', () => {
+    const rawTx = {
+      chainId: '0xa4b1',
+      type: '0x2',
+      nonce: '0x3',
+      gasLimit: '0x5208',
+      maxFeePerGas: '0x17d7840',
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas: '0x3b9aca',
+      to: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead',
+      value: '0x0',
+      data: '0x',
+      gasFeesSource: 'Frame'
+    }
+
+    const payload = buildQRTxPayload(rawTx)
+
+    expect(payload.txType).toBe(2)
+    expect(payload.isTypedTransaction).toBe(true)
+    expect(payload.chainId).toBe(42161)
+    expect(payload.cleanTxData.maxFeePerGas).toBe(rawTx.maxFeePerGas)
+    expect(payload.cleanTxData.maxPriorityFeePerGas).toBe(rawTx.maxPriorityFeePerGas)
+    expect(payload.txEncodingStrategy).toBe('primary')
+    expect(payload.txHashMode).toBe('keccak')
+    expect(payload.txHashHint).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(payload.txKeccakHint).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(payload.signData.startsWith('0x')).toBe(true)
+    expect(payload.legacyCandidates).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('serializes signed legacy transactions deterministically', () => {
+    const cleanTxData = {
+      chainId: '0x1',
+      type: '0x0',
+      nonce: '0x0',
+      gasLimit: '0x5208',
+      gasPrice: '0x3b9aca00',
+      to: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead',
+      value: '0x1',
+      data: '0x',
+      gasFeesSource: 'Frame'
+    }
+
+    const serialized = serializeSignedLegacyTransaction(cleanTxData, {
+      v: '1c',
+      r: '1'.padStart(64, '0'),
+      s: '2'.padStart(64, '0')
+    })
+
+    expect(serialized).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(serialized.length).toBeGreaterThan(60)
+  })
+
+  it('computes recovery hash for keccak and sha256 modes', () => {
+    const bytes = Buffer.from('abcd', 'hex')
+    const keccakHash = computeLegacyRecoveryHash(bytes, 'keccak')
+    const shaHash = computeLegacyRecoveryHash(bytes, 'sha256')
+
+    expect(keccakHash.length).toBe(32)
+    expect(shaHash.length).toBe(32)
+    expect(keccakHash.equals(shaHash)).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects identity32 mode for non-32-byte payloads', () => {
+    const bytes = Buffer.from('abcd', 'hex')
+    expect(() => computeLegacyRecoveryHash(bytes, 'identity32')).toThrow('identity32 hash mode')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/test/main/signers/qr/ur-utils.test.js b/test/main/signers/qr/ur-utils.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9995f71723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/main/signers/qr/ur-utils.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { UREncoder } from '@ngraveio/bc-ur'
+import { ETHSignature } from '@keystonehq/bc-ur-registry-eth'
+import { parse as parseUuid } from 'uuid'
+
+import { parseSignatureUR } from '../../../../main/signers/qr/ur-utils'
+
+function encodeSignatureUR(signatureBuffer, requestIdBuffer) {
+  const ethSignature = new ETHSignature(signatureBuffer, requestIdBuffer)
+  const encoder = new UREncoder(ethSignature.toUR(), Infinity)
+
+  return encoder.nextPart()
+}
+
+describe('qr ur utils', () => {
+  it('parses signature UR and normalizes request ids', () => {
+    const requestId = '4f7f2ca4-06d4-45e8-8573-9f51890a3434'
+    const signature = Buffer.concat([Buffer.alloc(32, 0x11), Buffer.alloc(32, 0x22), Buffer.from([1])])
+    const ur = encodeSignatureUR(signature, Buffer.from(parseUuid(requestId)))
+
+    const parsed = parseSignatureUR(ur)
+
+    expect(parsed.signature).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]+$/)
+    expect(parsed.signature.length).toBe(132)
+    expect(parsed.requestIdUuid).toBe(requestId)
+    expect(parsed.requestIdHex).toBe(Buffer.from(parseUuid(requestId)).toString('hex'))
+    expect(parsed.requestId).toBe(parsed.requestIdHex)
+  })
+
+  it('returns empty request id fields when metadata is missing', () => {
+    const signature = Buffer.concat([Buffer.alloc(32, 0xaa), Buffer.alloc(32, 0xbb), Buffer.from([0])])
+    const ur = encodeSignatureUR(signature)
+
+    const parsed = parseSignatureUR(ur)
+
+    expect(parsed.requestIdHex).toBe('')
+    expect(parsed.requestIdUuid).toBe('')
+  })
+
+  it('throws on invalid request id metadata length', () => {
+    const signature = Buffer.concat([Buffer.alloc(32, 0xaa), Buffer.alloc(32, 0xbb), Buffer.from([0])])
+    const ur = encodeSignatureUR(signature, Buffer.from('abcd', 'hex'))
+
+    expect(() => parseSignatureUR(ur)).toThrow('Invalid signature requestId length')
+  })
+})