[mlir][Vector] Add vector.shuffle tree transformation (llvm#145740)

This PR adds a new transformation that turns sequences of `vector.to_elements` and `vector.from_elements` into a binary tree of `vector.shuffle` operations.

(Related RFC:
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-adding-vector-to-elements-op-to-the-vector-dialect/86779).

Example:

```
  %0:4 = vector.to_elements %a : vector<4xf32>
  %1:4 = vector.to_elements %b : vector<4xf32>
  %2:4 = vector.to_elements %c : vector<4xf32>
  %3 = vector.from_elements %0#0, %0#1, %0#2, %0#3,
                            %1#0, %1#1, %1#2, %1#3,
                            %2#0, %2#1, %2#2, %2#3 : vector<12xf32>

==>

  %0 = vector.shuffle %a, %b [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] : vector<4xf32>, vector<4xf32>
  %1 = vector.shuffle %c, %c [0, 1, 2, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1] : vector<4xf32>, vector<4xf32>
  %2 = vector.shuffle %0, %1 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] : vector<8xf32>, vector<8xf32>
```

The algorithm leverages the structured extraction/insertion information
of `vector.to_elements` and `vector.from_elements` operations and builds
a set of intervals to determine the vector length that should be used at
each level of the tree to combine the level inputs in pairs.

There are a few improvements that can be implemented in the future, such
as shuffle mask compression to avoid unnecessarily large vector lengths
with poison values, but I decided to keep things "simpler" and spend
more time documenting the different steps of the algorithm so that
people can follow along.

Author: dcaballe

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/Vector/Transforms/LoweringPatterns.h

@@ -297,6 +297,13 @@ void populateVectorBitCastLoweringPatterns(RewritePatternSet &patterns,
 /// n > 1.
 void populateVectorRankReducingFMAPattern(RewritePatternSet &patterns);
 
+/// Populate patterns to rewrite sequences of `vector.to_elements` +
+/// `vector.from_elements` operations into a tree of `vector.shuffle`
+/// operations.
+void populateVectorToFromElementsToShuffleTreePatterns(
+    RewritePatternSet &patterns, PatternBenefit benefit = 1);
+
 } // namespace vector
 } // namespace mlir
+
 #endif // MLIR_DIALECT_VECTOR_TRANSFORMS_LOWERINGPATTERNS_H

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/Vector/Transforms/Passes.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #ifndef MLIR_DIALECT_VECTOR_TRANSFORMS_PASSES_H_
 #define MLIR_DIALECT_VECTOR_TRANSFORMS_PASSES_H_
 
+#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Vector/Transforms/VectorTransforms.h"
 #include "mlir/Pass/Pass.h"
 

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/Vector/Transforms/Passes.td

@@ -34,4 +34,9 @@ def LowerVectorMultiReduction : Pass<"lower-vector-multi-reduction", "func::Func
   ];
 }
 
+def LowerVectorToFromElementsToShuffleTree
+  : Pass<"lower-vector-to-from-elements-to-shuffle-tree", "func::FuncOp"> {
+  let summary = "Lower `vector.to_elements` and `vector.from_elements` to a tree of `vector.shuffle` operations";
+}
+
 #endif // MLIR_DIALECT_VECTOR_TRANSFORMS_PASSES

mlir/lib/Dialect/Vector/Transforms/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ add_mlir_dialect_library(MLIRVectorTransforms
   LowerVectorScan.cpp
   LowerVectorShapeCast.cpp
   LowerVectorStep.cpp
+  LowerVectorToFromElementsToShuffleTree.cpp
   LowerVectorTransfer.cpp
   LowerVectorTranspose.cpp
   SubsetOpInterfaceImpl.cpp