From 1393ed13d6a9747645a8e0546cab540c51b62dee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fred Ulrich <9284621+fulrich@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2022 13:11:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] Solution for Day 14

---
 src/main/resources/day14_cave_system          | 148 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Coordinate.scala |  13 ++
 .../ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Grid.scala    |  20 +--
 .../core/algebra/pathing/PathFinding.scala    |   1 -
 .../ulrichs/aoc/core/input/InputParsing.scala |   5 +-
 .../aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystem.scala     |  74 +++++++++
 .../ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/GridTest.scala   |   2 +-
 .../aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystemTest.scala |  34 ++++
 8 files changed, 282 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/resources/day14_cave_system
 create mode 100644 src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystem.scala
 create mode 100644 src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystemTest.scala

diff --git a/src/main/resources/day14_cave_system b/src/main/resources/day14_cave_system
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ba6ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/resources/day14_cave_system
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+511,54 -> 511,56 -> 504,56 -> 504,61 -> 520,61 -> 520,56 -> 515,56 -> 515,54
+516,113 -> 521,113
+511,101 -> 511,103 -> 504,103 -> 504,106 -> 517,106 -> 517,103 -> 513,103 -> 513,101
+529,82 -> 533,82
+541,157 -> 545,157
+489,20 -> 489,24 -> 483,24 -> 483,32 -> 495,32 -> 495,24 -> 492,24 -> 492,20
+512,111 -> 517,111
+538,154 -> 542,154
+521,170 -> 521,163 -> 521,170 -> 523,170 -> 523,160 -> 523,170 -> 525,170 -> 525,165 -> 525,170 -> 527,170 -> 527,168 -> 527,170 -> 529,170 -> 529,169 -> 529,170 -> 531,170 -> 531,169 -> 531,170 -> 533,170 -> 533,160 -> 533,170
+521,170 -> 521,163 -> 521,170 -> 523,170 -> 523,160 -> 523,170 -> 525,170 -> 525,165 -> 525,170 -> 527,170 -> 527,168 -> 527,170 -> 529,170 -> 529,169 -> 529,170 -> 531,170 -> 531,169 -> 531,170 -> 533,170 -> 533,160 -> 533,170
+523,76 -> 527,76
+511,101 -> 511,103 -> 504,103 -> 504,106 -> 517,106 -> 517,103 -> 513,103 -> 513,101
+511,82 -> 515,82
+514,79 -> 518,79
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+489,20 -> 489,24 -> 483,24 -> 483,32 -> 495,32 -> 495,24 -> 492,24 -> 492,20
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+514,85 -> 518,85
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+541,145 -> 545,145
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+532,154 -> 536,154
+489,20 -> 489,24 -> 483,24 -> 483,32 -> 495,32 -> 495,24 -> 492,24 -> 492,20
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+498,17 -> 502,17
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+504,17 -> 508,17
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+498,13 -> 502,13
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+526,79 -> 530,79
+511,54 -> 511,56 -> 504,56 -> 504,61 -> 520,61 -> 520,56 -> 515,56 -> 515,54
+511,54 -> 511,56 -> 504,56 -> 504,61 -> 520,61 -> 520,56 -> 515,56 -> 515,54
+521,117 -> 521,118 -> 531,118 -> 531,117
+541,151 -> 545,151
+501,98 -> 501,93 -> 501,98 -> 503,98 -> 503,97 -> 503,98 -> 505,98 -> 505,90 -> 505,98 -> 507,98 -> 507,92 -> 507,98 -> 509,98 -> 509,94 -> 509,98 -> 511,98 -> 511,93 -> 511,98
+489,45 -> 489,38 -> 489,45 -> 491,45 -> 491,38 -> 491,45 -> 493,45 -> 493,40 -> 493,45 -> 495,45 -> 495,39 -> 495,45 -> 497,45 -> 497,43 -> 497,45 -> 499,45 -> 499,43 -> 499,45 -> 501,45 -> 501,36 -> 501,45
+532,134 -> 532,136 -> 530,136 -> 530,142 -> 542,142 -> 542,136 -> 536,136 -> 536,134
+501,98 -> 501,93 -> 501,98 -> 503,98 -> 503,97 -> 503,98 -> 505,98 -> 505,90 -> 505,98 -> 507,98 -> 507,92 -> 507,98 -> 509,98 -> 509,94 -> 509,98 -> 511,98 -> 511,93 -> 511,98
+489,20 -> 489,24 -> 483,24 -> 483,32 -> 495,32 -> 495,24 -> 492,24 -> 492,20
+519,111 -> 524,111
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+529,157 -> 533,157
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+501,15 -> 505,15
+528,131 -> 528,121 -> 528,131 -> 530,131 -> 530,127 -> 530,131 -> 532,131 -> 532,124 -> 532,131 -> 534,131 -> 534,126 -> 534,131
+489,20 -> 489,24 -> 483,24 -> 483,32 -> 495,32 -> 495,24 -> 492,24 -> 492,20
+508,85 -> 512,85
+520,85 -> 524,85
+489,45 -> 489,38 -> 489,45 -> 491,45 -> 491,38 -> 491,45 -> 493,45 -> 493,40 -> 493,45 -> 495,45 -> 495,39 -> 495,45 -> 497,45 -> 497,43 -> 497,45 -> 499,45 -> 499,43 -> 499,45 -> 501,45 -> 501,36 -> 501,45
+517,76 -> 521,76
+517,82 -> 521,82
+489,45 -> 489,38 -> 489,45 -> 491,45 -> 491,38 -> 491,45 -> 493,45 -> 493,40 -> 493,45 -> 495,45 -> 495,39 -> 495,45 -> 497,45 -> 497,43 -> 497,45 -> 499,45 -> 499,43 -> 499,45 -> 501,45 -> 501,36 -> 501,45
+523,69 -> 523,70 -> 530,70
+520,73 -> 524,73
+528,131 -> 528,121 -> 528,131 -> 530,131 -> 530,127 -> 530,131 -> 532,131 -> 532,124 -> 532,131 -> 534,131 -> 534,126 -> 534,131
+544,154 -> 548,154
+511,54 -> 511,56 -> 504,56 -> 504,61 -> 520,61 -> 520,56 -> 515,56 -> 515,54
+511,54 -> 511,56 -> 504,56 -> 504,61 -> 520,61 -> 520,56 -> 515,56 -> 515,54
+489,45 -> 489,38 -> 489,45 -> 491,45 -> 491,38 -> 491,45 -> 493,45 -> 493,40 -> 493,45 -> 495,45 -> 495,39 -> 495,45 -> 497,45 -> 497,43 -> 497,45 -> 499,45 -> 499,43 -> 499,45 -> 501,45 -> 501,36 -> 501,45
+501,98 -> 501,93 -> 501,98 -> 503,98 -> 503,97 -> 503,98 -> 505,98 -> 505,90 -> 505,98 -> 507,98 -> 507,92 -> 507,98 -> 509,98 -> 509,94 -> 509,98 -> 511,98 -> 511,93 -> 511,98
+515,109 -> 520,109
+521,170 -> 521,163 -> 521,170 -> 523,170 -> 523,160 -> 523,170 -> 525,170 -> 525,165 -> 525,170 -> 527,170 -> 527,168 -> 527,170 -> 529,170 -> 529,169 -> 529,170 -> 531,170 -> 531,169 -> 531,170 -> 533,170 -> 533,160 -> 533,170
+517,63 -> 517,64 -> 524,64 -> 524,63
+528,131 -> 528,121 -> 528,131 -> 530,131 -> 530,127 -> 530,131 -> 532,131 -> 532,124 -> 532,131 -> 534,131 -> 534,126 -> 534,131
+501,98 -> 501,93 -> 501,98 -> 503,98 -> 503,97 -> 503,98 -> 505,98 -> 505,90 -> 505,98 -> 507,98 -> 507,92 -> 507,98 -> 509,98 -> 509,94 -> 509,98 -> 511,98 -> 511,93 -> 511,98
+521,170 -> 521,163 -> 521,170 -> 523,170 -> 523,160 -> 523,170 -> 525,170 -> 525,165 -> 525,170 -> 527,170 -> 527,168 -> 527,170 -> 529,170 -> 529,169 -> 529,170 -> 531,170 -> 531,169 -> 531,170 -> 533,170 -> 533,160 -> 533,170
+523,69 -> 523,70 -> 530,70
+528,131 -> 528,121 -> 528,131 -> 530,131 -> 530,127 -> 530,131 -> 532,131 -> 532,124 -> 532,131 -> 534,131 -> 534,126 -> 534,131
+501,98 -> 501,93 -> 501,98 -> 503,98 -> 503,97 -> 503,98 -> 505,98 -> 505,90 -> 505,98 -> 507,98 -> 507,92 -> 507,98 -> 509,98 -> 509,94 -> 509,98 -> 511,98 -> 511,93 -> 511,98
+489,45 -> 489,38 -> 489,45 -> 491,45 -> 491,38 -> 491,45 -> 493,45 -> 493,40 -> 493,45 -> 495,45 -> 495,39 -> 495,45 -> 497,45 -> 497,43 -> 497,45 -> 499,45 -> 499,43 -> 499,45 -> 501,45 -> 501,36 -> 501,45
+489,20 -> 489,24 -> 483,24 -> 483,32 -> 495,32 -> 495,24 -> 492,24 -> 492,20
+521,170 -> 521,163 -> 521,170 -> 523,170 -> 523,160 -> 523,170 -> 525,170 -> 525,165 -> 525,170 -> 527,170 -> 527,168 -> 527,170 -> 529,170 -> 529,169 -> 529,170 -> 531,170 -> 531,169 -> 531,170 -> 533,170 -> 533,160 -> 533,170
diff --git a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Coordinate.scala b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Coordinate.scala
index 5a813a7..bdd85ed 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Coordinate.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Coordinate.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra
 
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.input.InputParsing
+
 case class Coordinate(x: Int, y: Int):
   def +(coordinate: Coordinate): Coordinate = Coordinate(x = coordinate.x + x, y = coordinate.y + y)
   def -(coordinate: Coordinate): Coordinate = Coordinate(x = coordinate.x - x, y = coordinate.y - y)
@@ -28,6 +30,14 @@ case class Coordinate(x: Int, y: Int):
 
   lazy val surrounding: Seq[Coordinate]  = adjacent ++ diagonal
 
+  def to(coordinate: Coordinate): Seq[Coordinate] = coordinate match{
+    case Coordinate(targetX, targetY) if targetX == x => buildRange(y, targetY).map(newY => copy(y = newY))
+    case Coordinate(targetX, targetY) if targetY == y => buildRange(x, targetX).map(newX => copy(x = newX))
+    case _ => throw IllegalArgumentException(s"Can only create as range of Coordinates on a straight axis: $this -> $coordinate.")
+  }
+
+  private def buildRange(start: Int, end: Int): Range = if start < end then start to end else (end to start).reverse
+
   override def toString: String = s"($x, $y)"
 
 object Coordinate:
@@ -43,6 +53,9 @@ object Coordinate:
     case _ => throw IllegalArgumentException(s"Cannot build a Coordinate from $input")
   }
 
+  given InputParsing[Coordinate] with
+    def parse(input: String): Coordinate = Coordinate.parse(input)
+
   given Conversion[(Int, Int), Coordinate] with
     def apply(tuple: (Int, Int)): Coordinate = Coordinate(tuple._1, tuple._2)
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Grid.scala b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Grid.scala
index 7766a69..0b523fc 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Grid.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/Grid.scala
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra
 
-case class Grid[+A](private val points: Map[Coordinate, A]):
+import scala.collection.immutable.HashMap
+
+case class Grid[+A](private val points: HashMap[Coordinate, A]):
   lazy val maximumColumn = keys.map(_.x).max
   lazy val maximumRow = keys.map(_.y).max
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ case class Grid[+A](private val points: Map[Coordinate, A]):
     (Grid(left), Grid(right))
   }
 
-  def mapValues[B](f: A => B): Grid[B] = Grid(points.view.mapValues(f).toMap)
+  def mapValues[B](f: A => B): Grid[B] = Grid(HashMap.from(points.view.mapValues(f)))
   def mapKeys(f: Coordinate => Coordinate): Grid[A] = Grid(points.map { case(coordinate, value) => f(coordinate) -> value })
 
   def dropColumn(column: Int): Grid[A] = Grid(points.collect {
@@ -72,12 +74,13 @@ case class Grid[+A](private val points: Map[Coordinate, A]):
 
   def transformAt[B >: A](positions: Seq[Coordinate])(f: B => B): Grid[B] =
     if positions.isEmpty then this
-    else Grid(
-      positions.foldLeft(Map.from[Coordinate, B](points)) { case (accumulation, key) => accumulation.get(key) match {
+    else
+      val newPoints = positions.foldLeft(Map.from[Coordinate, B](points)) { case (accumulation, key) => accumulation.get(key) match {
         case Some(value) => accumulation.updated[B](key, f(value))
         case None => accumulation
       } }
-    )
+
+      Grid(HashMap.from(newPoints))
 
   def merge[B >: A](other: Grid[B]): Grid[B] = Grid(points ++ other.points)
   def merge[B >: A](grid: Grid[B])(f: (B, B) => B): Grid[B] = Grid(
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ case class Grid[+A](private val points: Map[Coordinate, A]):
     println(toString(stringify, default))
 
 object Grid:
-  def apply[A](input: Seq[(Coordinate, A)]): Grid[A] = Grid(input.toMap)
+  def apply[A](input: Seq[(Coordinate, A)]): Grid[A] = Grid(HashMap.from(input))
 
   def parse[A](input: Seq[String])(parser: (Coordinate, Char) => A): Grid[A] = Grid(
     input.zipWithIndex.flatMap { (row, y) =>
@@ -110,13 +113,12 @@ object Grid:
     }
   )
 
-  def fromCoordinates[A](input: Seq[String], default: A)(fill: Coordinate => A): Grid[A] = {
-    val coordinates = input.map(Coordinate.parse)
+  def fromCoordinates[A](coordinates: Seq[Coordinate], default: A)(fill: Coordinate => A): Grid[A] = {
     val width = coordinates.map(_.x).max + 1
     val height = coordinates.map(_.y).max + 1
 
     create(width = width, height = height) { coordinate =>
-      coordinates.find(_  == coordinate).map(fill).getOrElse(default)
+      coordinates.find(_ == coordinate).map(fill).getOrElse(default)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/pathing/PathFinding.scala b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/pathing/PathFinding.scala
index 206475f..27480f5 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/pathing/PathFinding.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/pathing/PathFinding.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.pathing
 import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.Coordinate
 import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.grid.Grid
 
-
 import scala.collection.{mutable, *}
 import scala.util.control.Breaks.{break, breakable}
 
diff --git a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/input/InputParsing.scala b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/input/InputParsing.scala
index 79de5ba..2386bae 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/input/InputParsing.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/input/InputParsing.scala
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.input
 
-import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.{Coordinate, RangeHelpers}
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.RangeHelpers
 
 trait InputParsing[A]:
   def parse(input: String): A
@@ -17,6 +17,3 @@ object InputParsing:
 
   given InputParsing[Range] with
     def parse(input: String): Range = RangeHelpers.parse(input)
-
-  given InputParsing[Coordinate] with
-    def parse(input: String): Coordinate = Coordinate.parse(input)
diff --git a/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystem.scala b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystem.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5f0d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystem.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package ca.ulrichs.aoc.island.waterfall
+
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.Coordinate
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.algebra.grid.Grid
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.input.SourceInput
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.input.StringParsing.*
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.island.waterfall.CaveSystem.SandStart
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+case class CaveSystem(grid: Grid[Char]):
+  lazy val sandUnits: Seq[Coordinate] = grid.findAll('o')
+
+  lazy val afterSandfall: CaveSystem = sandFall(SandStart, grid)
+
+  @tailrec
+  final def sandFall(sand: Coordinate, innerGrid: Grid[Char]): CaveSystem = {
+    val availableSpots = (innerGrid.at(sand.down), innerGrid.at(sand.downLeft), innerGrid.at(sand.downRight))
+    val maxY = Seq(sand.down, sand.downLeft, sand.downLeft).map(_.y).max
+    //    val maxX = Seq(sand.down, sand.downLeft, sand.downLeft).map(_.x).max
+
+    if maxY >= innerGrid.dimensions.height then return CaveSystem(innerGrid)
+    //    if maxX >= innerGrid.width then return CaveSystem(innerGrid)
+
+    availableSpots match {
+      case (Some('.'), _, _) => sandFall(sand.down, innerGrid)
+      case (_, Some('.'), _) => sandFall(sand.downLeft, innerGrid)
+      case (_, _, Some('.')) => sandFall(sand.downRight, innerGrid)
+      case _ =>
+        if sand == SandStart then CaveSystem(innerGrid.updated(SandStart, 'o'))
+        else sandFall(SandStart, innerGrid.updated(sand, 'o'))
+    }
+  }
+
+
+object CaveSystem:
+  val SandStart: Coordinate = Coordinate(500, 0)
+
+  def parse(input: SourceInput): CaveSystem = {
+    val all = input.asSeq[String].flatMap { rawRockLine =>
+      val coordinateRangeList = rawRockLine.split(" -> ").map(_.as[Coordinate])
+
+      coordinateRangeList.foldLeft(Seq.empty[Coordinate]) {
+        case (Nil, target) => Seq(target)
+        case (head :: Nil, target) => head to target
+        case (init :+ last, target) => init ++ (last to target)
+      }
+    }
+
+    val grid = Grid.fromCoordinates(all)(value => if all.contains(value) then '#' else '.').updated(SandStart, '+')
+    CaveSystem(grid)
+  }
+
+  def parseWithFloor(input: SourceInput): CaveSystem = {
+    val coordinateRanges: Seq[Seq[Coordinate]] = input.asSeq[String].map(_.split(" -> ").map(_.as[Coordinate]))
+
+    val coordinates: Seq[Coordinate] = coordinateRanges.flatMap { coordinateList =>
+      coordinateList.foldLeft(Seq.empty[Coordinate]) {
+        case (Nil, target) => Seq(target)
+        case (head :: Nil, target) => head to target
+        case (init :+ last, target) => init ++ (last to target)
+      }
+    }
+
+    val maxX = coordinates.map(_.x).max
+    val floorY = coordinates.map(_.y).max + 2
+
+    val floorToSandStart = (floorY - SandStart.y)
+    val floor = Coordinate(SandStart.x - floorToSandStart, floorY) to Coordinate(SandStart.x + floorToSandStart, floorY)
+    val all = coordinates ++ floor :+ SandStart
+
+    val grid = Grid.fromCoordinates(all)(value => if all.contains(value) then '#' else '.').updated(SandStart, '+')
+    CaveSystem(grid)
+  }
diff --git a/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/GridTest.scala b/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/GridTest.scala
index 72f89f9..18bd846 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/GridTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/core/algebra/GridTest.scala
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class GridTest extends AnyFunSuite with LoneElement:
   }
 
   test("Can create a grid given a list of coordinates") {
-    val grid = Grid.fromCoordinates(Seq("3, 3", "5, 5"), default = 0)(_.x)
+    val grid = Grid.fromCoordinates(Seq(Coordinate(3, 3), Coordinate(5, 5)), default = 0)(_.x)
 
     grid.height shouldBe 6
     grid.width shouldBe 6
diff --git a/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystemTest.scala b/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystemTest.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a81cbb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/scala/ca/ulrichs/aoc/island/waterfall/CaveSystemTest.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package ca.ulrichs.aoc.island.waterfall
+
+import ca.ulrichs.aoc.core.input.SourceInput
+import org.scalatest.*
+import matchers.should.Matchers.*
+import org.scalatest.funsuite.AnyFunSuite
+
+class CaveSystemTest extends AnyFunSuite:
+  val exampleSource = SourceInput(
+    "498,4 -> 498,6 -> 496,6",
+    "503,4 -> 502,4 -> 502,9 -> 494,9"
+  )
+//  test("Can parse the ranges of rocks into a Cave System") {
+//    CaveSystem.parseWithFloor(exampleSource).afterSandfall.grid.print((c, v) => v.toString)
+//    CaveSystem.parseWithFloor(exampleSource).afterSandfall.sandUnits.length shouldBe 93
+//  }
+
+  test("Can find when the cave system fills up for a real cave system with a floor") {
+    val source = SourceInput.fromResource("day14_cave_system")
+    val afterSandfall = CaveSystem.parseWithFloor(source).afterSandfall
+
+    afterSandfall.grid.print((c, v) => v.toString)
+    afterSandfall.sandUnits.length shouldBe 28145
+  }
+
+//  test("Do some sandfall") {
+//    CaveSystem.parse(exampleSource).afterSandfall.grid.print((c, v) => v.toString)
+//    CaveSystem.parse(exampleSource).afterSandfall.sandUnits.length shouldBe 24
+//  }
+//
+//  test("Do some sandfall for real") {
+//    val source = SourceInput.fromResource("day14_cave_system")
+//    CaveSystem.parse(source).afterSandfall.sandUnits.length shouldBe 24
+//  }