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+---
+title: Locale Aliases and SEO
+description: Use custom locale aliases for URL routing while maintaining BCP 47 compliance for search engines
+---
+
+Locale aliases let you use custom locale codes in your URLs (e.g. `/cn/` instead of `/zh/`) while keeping your SEO metadata compliant with the [BCP 47 standard](https://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/) that search engines expect.
+
+## Why aliases?
+
+BCP 47 locale codes like `zh` (Chinese) or `zh-Hant` (Traditional Chinese) are the standard for identifying languages on the web.
+However, you might want different codes in your URL paths for branding, readability, or regional reasons — for example, using `/cn/` instead of `/zh/` for your Chinese audience.
+
+GT supports this through **custom mapping** in your `gt.config.json`. The alias is used for routing and URL paths, while the canonical BCP 47 code is used wherever search engines need it.
+
+
+**SEO requirement:** Search engines only recognize [BCP 47 locale codes](https://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/).
+Using non-standard codes like `cn` in `hreflang` attributes or `` will cause search engines to ignore your locale signals.
+
+
+## Setup
+
+### Step 1: Configure custom mapping
+
+Add a `customMapping` entry to your `gt.config.json` for each alias:
+
+```json title="gt.config.json"
+{
+ "defaultLocale": "en-US",
+ "locales": ["en-US", "cn", "ja", "zh-Hant"],
+ "customMapping": {
+ "cn": {
+ "code": "zh",
+ "name": "Mandarin"
+ }
+ }
+}
+```
+
+Here, `cn` is the alias used in URLs and middleware routing, and `zh` is the canonical BCP 47 code.
+
+### Step 2: Use middleware as normal
+
+The [middleware](/docs/next/guides/middleware) and `[locale]` dynamic route work with your alias codes out of the box. Users visiting `/cn/about` will be served Chinese content — no special handling needed for routing.
+
+## BCP 47 compliance for SEO
+
+While aliases work seamlessly for routing, there are three places where you **must** use the canonical BCP 47 code instead of the alias:
+
+1. The `lang` attribute on your `` tag
+2. Alternate link tags in your page metadata
+3. Alternate entries in your sitemap
+
+GT provides the `resolveCanonicalLocale()` method to convert aliases back to their BCP 47 codes. You can access it via `getGTClass` from `gt-next/server`:
+
+```ts
+import { getGTClass } from 'gt-next/server';
+
+const gtInstance = getGTClass();
+const canonicalLocale = gtInstance.resolveCanonicalLocale('cn');
+// Returns: "zh"
+```
+
+For non-aliased locales, `resolveCanonicalLocale()` returns the input unchanged:
+
+```ts
+gtInstance.resolveCanonicalLocale('ja'); // "ja"
+gtInstance.resolveCanonicalLocale('en-US'); // "en-US"
+```
+
+### 1. HTML `lang` attribute
+
+The `` attribute tells browsers and search engines what language the page is in. It must be a valid BCP 47 code.
+
+In your root layout, resolve the locale before passing it to the `` tag:
+
+```tsx title="app/[locale]/layout.tsx"
+import { getGTClass } from 'gt-next/server';
+
+export default function RootLayout({
+ children,
+ params,
+}: {
+ children: React.ReactNode;
+ params: { locale: string };
+}) {
+ const gtInstance = getGTClass();
+ const canonicalLocale = gtInstance.resolveCanonicalLocale(params.locale);
+
+ return (
+
+ {children}
+
+ );
+}
+```
+
+Without this, a page at `/cn/about` would incorrectly render ``, which search engines don't recognize.
+
+### 2. Metadata alternates
+
+Alternate links tell search engines which versions of a page exist in other languages. The `hreflang` attribute must use BCP 47 codes.
+
+```tsx title="app/[locale]/layout.tsx"
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+import { getGTClass } from 'gt-next/server';
+
+export async function generateMetadata({
+ params,
+}: {
+ params: { locale: string };
+}): Promise {
+ const gtInstance = getGTClass();
+ const locales = ['en-US', 'cn', 'ja', 'zh-Hant'];
+
+ // Build alternates with canonical BCP 47 codes as keys
+ const languages: Record = {};
+ for (const locale of locales) {
+ const canonical = gtInstance.resolveCanonicalLocale(locale);
+ languages[canonical] = `https://example.com/${locale}`;
+ }
+
+ // Add x-default for the default locale
+ languages['x-default'] = 'https://example.com';
+
+ return {
+ alternates: {
+ canonical: `https://example.com/${params.locale}`,
+ languages,
+ },
+ };
+}
+```
+
+This produces correct `` tags in the page head:
+
+```html
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+Notice that the `hreflang` values use canonical codes (`zh`, not `cn`), while the `href` URLs still use the alias paths (`/cn/`).
+
+### 3. Sitemap alternates
+
+If you use a [dynamic sitemap](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/metadata/sitemap), apply the same pattern:
+
+```ts title="app/sitemap.ts"
+import type { MetadataRoute } from 'next';
+import { getGTClass } from 'gt-next/server';
+
+export default function sitemap(): MetadataRoute.Sitemap {
+ const gtInstance = getGTClass();
+ const locales = ['en-US', 'cn', 'ja', 'zh-Hant'];
+ const baseUrl = 'https://example.com';
+
+ const pages = ['', '/about', '/pricing'];
+
+ return pages.map((page) => {
+ // Build language alternates with canonical codes
+ const languages: Record = {};
+ for (const locale of locales) {
+ const canonical = gtInstance.resolveCanonicalLocale(locale);
+ languages[canonical] = `${baseUrl}/${locale}${page}`;
+ }
+
+ return {
+ url: `${baseUrl}${page}`,
+ lastModified: new Date(),
+ alternates: {
+ languages,
+ },
+ };
+ });
+}
+```
+
+This generates sitemap XML with proper `hreflang` attributes:
+
+```xml
+
+ https://example.com
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+## Common mistakes
+
+| Mistake | Impact | Fix |
+|---|---|---|
+| Using alias code in `` | Search engines can't identify the page language | Use `resolveCanonicalLocale()` for the `lang` attribute |
+| Using alias code in `hreflang` | Search engines ignore the alternate link | Use `resolveCanonicalLocale()` for `hreflang` values |
+| Missing `x-default` alternate | No fallback for users whose language isn't listed | Add `x-default` pointing to your default locale URL |
+| Inconsistent alternates between HTML and sitemap | Conflicting signals confuse crawlers | Use `resolveCanonicalLocale()` in both places |
+
+## Next steps
+
+- Learn about [middleware](/docs/next/guides/middleware) for locale-based URL routing
+- See [`resolveCanonicalLocale`](/docs/core/class/methods/locales/resolve-canonical-locale) API reference
+- Configure [`customMapping`](/docs/cli/reference/config) in your `gt.config.json`
diff --git a/docs/en-US/next/meta.json b/docs/en-US/next/meta.json
index b0ec7d5..a524905 100644
--- a/docs/en-US/next/meta.json
+++ b/docs/en-US/next/meta.json
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
"---Advanced Integration---",
"./guides/local-tx",
"./guides/middleware",
+ "./guides/locale-aliases",
"./guides/ssg",
"./guides/rtl",
"./guides/migration",