diff --git a/grain/_src/python/BUILD b/grain/_src/python/BUILD
index 3fe798268..bb731c3db 100644
--- a/grain/_src/python/BUILD
+++ b/grain/_src/python/BUILD
@@ -243,7 +243,10 @@ py_library(
     name = "options",
     srcs = ["options.py"],
     srcs_version = "PY3",
-    deps = ["@abseil-py//absl/logging"],
+    deps = [
+        "//grain/_src/python/experimental/autotune/python:autotune_bindings",
+        "@abseil-py//absl/logging",
+    ],
 )
 
 py_test(
diff --git a/grain/_src/python/dataset/BUILD b/grain/_src/python/dataset/BUILD
index 8e3e81ad4..ad1267912 100644
--- a/grain/_src/python/dataset/BUILD
+++ b/grain/_src/python/dataset/BUILD
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ py_library(
         "//grain/_src/python:options",
         "//grain/_src/python:shared_memory_array",
         "//grain/_src/python/checkpoint:base",
+        "//grain/_src/python/experimental/autotune/python:autotune_util",
         "//grain/proto:execution_summary_py_pb2",
         "@abseil-py//absl/flags",
         "@abseil-py//absl/logging",
diff --git a/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch.py b/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch.py
index 7ceb2a8b4..2f45b6924 100644
--- a/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch.py
+++ b/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 from grain._src.python.dataset.transformations import filter as filter_dataset
 from grain._src.python.dataset.transformations import interleave
 from grain._src.python.dataset.transformations import source
+from grain._src.python.experimental.autotune.python import autotune_util
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
@@ -143,10 +144,17 @@ def __init__(
     self._next_buffered_index = 0
     self._buffer = collections.deque()
     self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._prefetch_buffer_size = (
-        read_options.prefetch_buffer_size if read_options.num_threads > 0 else 0
+
+    self._num_threads, self.target_num_threads = (
+        autotune_util.get_autotune_parameter(read_options.num_threads)
+    )
+    self._prefetch_buffer_size, self.target_buffer_size = (
+        autotune_util.get_autotune_parameter(read_options.prefetch_buffer_size)
     )
-    self._num_threads = read_options.num_threads
+
+    if self._num_threads == 0:
+      self._prefetch_buffer_size = 0
+
     self._allow_nones = allow_nones
     if self._prefetch_buffer_size > 0:
       self._executor = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
@@ -185,6 +193,7 @@ def _threshold_checker(self):
   )
   def __next__(self) -> T:
     self._assert_not_closed()
+    self._check_autotune_updates()
     # The time recorded here is the time spent in prefetch node to return an
     # element, including the time spent in parent node.
     timer = dataset_stats.Timer()
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         f" allow_nones={self._allow_nones})"
     )
 
-  def set_prefetch_buffer_size(self, buffer_size: int):
+  def _set_prefetch_buffer_size(self, buffer_size: int):
     self._prefetch_buffer_size = buffer_size
     # The executor is created in the constructor only if the prefetch buffer
     # size is greater than 0. If the user changes the prefetch buffer size, we
@@ -272,7 +281,7 @@ def set_prefetch_buffer_size(self, buffer_size: int):
       self._executor.shutdown()
       delattr(self, "_executor")
 
-  def set_num_threads(self, num_threads: int) -> None:
+  def _set_num_threads(self, num_threads: int) -> None:
     self._num_threads = num_threads
     old_executor = None
     # Accounts for the case where the executor does not exit. This can
@@ -290,6 +299,17 @@ def set_num_threads(self, num_threads: int) -> None:
       # assigned asynchronously.
       old_executor.shutdown(wait=False)
 
+  def _check_autotune_updates(self):
+    if self.target_buffer_size is not None:
+      new_buffer_size = int(round(self.target_buffer_size.get_value()))
+      if new_buffer_size != self._prefetch_buffer_size:
+        self._set_prefetch_buffer_size(new_buffer_size)
+
+    if self.target_num_threads is not None:
+      new_num_threads = int(round(self.target_num_threads.get_value()))
+      if new_num_threads != self._num_threads:
+        self._set_num_threads(new_num_threads)
+
   def _fill_buffer(self):
     while (
         len(self._buffer) < self._prefetch_buffer_size
diff --git a/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch_test.py b/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch_test.py
index 0855b0b4b..f3de16815 100644
--- a/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch_test.py
+++ b/grain/_src/python/dataset/transformations/prefetch_test.py
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def test_set_prefetch_buffer_size_0_to_positive(self):
     self.assertEqual(next(ds_iter), 0)
 
     # Setting prefetch_buffer_size to 2.
-    ds_iter.set_prefetch_buffer_size(2)
+    ds_iter._set_prefetch_buffer_size(2)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._prefetch_buffer_size, 2)
     self.assertEqual(next(ds_iter), 1)
     self.assertTrue(hasattr(ds_iter, '_executor'))
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def test_set_prefetch_buffer_size_positive_to_0(self):
     self.assertLen(ds_iter._buffer, 2)
 
     # Setting prefetch_buffer_size to 0.
-    ds_iter.set_prefetch_buffer_size(0)
+    ds_iter._set_prefetch_buffer_size(0)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._prefetch_buffer_size, 0)
     # Should consume buffer first.
     self.assertEqual(next(ds_iter), 1)
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def test_set_prefetch_buffer_size_increase(self):
     self.assertLen(ds_iter._buffer, 1)
 
     # Setting prefetch_buffer_size to 2.
-    ds_iter.set_prefetch_buffer_size(2)
+    ds_iter._set_prefetch_buffer_size(2)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._prefetch_buffer_size, 2)
     self.assertEqual(next(ds_iter), 1)
     self.assertLen(ds_iter._buffer, 2)
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def test_set_prefetch_buffer_size_decrease(self):
     self.assertLen(ds_iter._buffer, 2)
 
     # Setting prefetch_buffer_size to 1.
-    ds_iter.set_prefetch_buffer_size(1)
+    ds_iter._set_prefetch_buffer_size(1)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._prefetch_buffer_size, 1)
     self.assertEqual(next(ds_iter), 1)
     self.assertLen(ds_iter._buffer, 1)
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ def test_set_num_threads_decrease_threads(self):
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(5)], list(range(5)))
 
     # Decrease threads
-    ds_iter.set_num_threads(5)
+    ds_iter._set_num_threads(5)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._num_threads, 5)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._executor._max_workers, 5)
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(15)], list(range(5, 20)))
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ def test_set_num_threads_increase_threads(self):
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(5)], list(range(5)))
 
     # Increase threads
-    ds_iter.set_num_threads(10)
+    ds_iter._set_num_threads(10)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._num_threads, 10)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._executor._max_workers, 10)
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(15)], list(range(5, 20)))
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ def test_set_num_threads_decrease_to_zero(self):
     )
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(5)], list(range(5)))
     # Decrease threads to 0
-    ds_iter.set_num_threads(0)
+    ds_iter._set_num_threads(0)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._num_threads, 0)
     self.assertFalse(hasattr(ds_iter, '_executor'))
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(15)], list(range(5, 20)))
@@ -370,13 +370,13 @@ def test_set_num_threads_increase_from_zero(self):
     self.assertIsInstance(ds_iter, prefetch.PrefetchDatasetIterator)
     ds_iter = cast(prefetch.PrefetchDatasetIterator, ds_iter)
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(5)], list(range(5)))
-    ds_iter.set_num_threads(0)
+    ds_iter._set_num_threads(0)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._num_threads, 0)
     self.assertFalse(hasattr(ds_iter, '_executor'))
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(5)], list(range(5, 10)))
 
     # Increase threads from 0
-    ds_iter.set_num_threads(5)
+    ds_iter._set_num_threads(5)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._num_threads, 5)
     self.assertEqual(ds_iter._executor._max_workers, 5)
     self.assertEqual([next(ds_iter) for _ in range(10)], list(range(10, 20)))
diff --git a/grain/_src/python/options.py b/grain/_src/python/options.py
index 293e3441a..f35557986 100644
--- a/grain/_src/python/options.py
+++ b/grain/_src/python/options.py
@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 """Dataclasses for holdings options."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 
 from absl import logging
+from grain._src.python.experimental.autotune.python import autotune_bindings
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(slots=True)
@@ -41,25 +44,29 @@ class ReadOptions:
   # benchmarks reading from remote hard drives.
   # These values should work well for datasets with elements between 1 and
   # 10 KiB on disk.
-  num_threads: int = 16
-  prefetch_buffer_size: int = 500
+  num_threads: int | autotune_bindings.AutotuneParameter = 16
+  prefetch_buffer_size: int | autotune_bindings.AutotuneParameter = 500
 
   def __post_init__(self):
-    if self.num_threads < 0:
+    if isinstance(self.num_threads, int) and self.num_threads < 0:
       raise ValueError(
           f'num_threads must be non-negative, got {self.num_threads}'
       )
-    if self.prefetch_buffer_size < 0:
+
+    if (
+        isinstance(self.prefetch_buffer_size, int)
+        and self.prefetch_buffer_size < 0
+    ):
       raise ValueError(
           'prefetch_buffer_size must be non-negative, got'
           f' {self.prefetch_buffer_size}'
       )
+
     # Avoid warning when setting prefetch_buffer_size=0, since this is commonly
     # used to disable prefetching.
-    if (
-        self.prefetch_buffer_size < self.num_threads
-        and self.prefetch_buffer_size != 0
-    ):
+    buffer_size = int(self.prefetch_buffer_size)
+    num_threads = int(self.num_threads)
+    if buffer_size < num_threads and buffer_size != 0:
       logging.warning(
           'prefetch_buffer_size=%s is smaller than num_threads=%s. This will'
           ' limit the number of threads that can actually be used in parallel'