diff --git a/Capsule/Manager.php b/Capsule/Manager.php
index b877e7c6d2..cfc47eb5ab 100755
--- a/Capsule/Manager.php
+++ b/Capsule/Manager.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Manager
      * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container|null  $container
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Container $container = null)
+    public function __construct(?Container $container = null)
     {
         $this->setupContainer($container ?: new Container);
 
diff --git a/Console/DatabaseInspectionCommand.php b/Console/DatabaseInspectionCommand.php
index e3391a09e6..ae8ea88d09 100644
--- a/Console/DatabaseInspectionCommand.php
+++ b/Console/DatabaseInspectionCommand.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ abstract class DatabaseInspectionCommand extends Command
      * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Composer|null  $composer
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Composer $composer = null)
+    public function __construct(?Composer $composer = null)
     {
         parent::__construct();
 
diff --git a/Eloquent/Builder.php b/Eloquent/Builder.php
index 4387bc8855..028ab0c300 100755
--- a/Eloquent/Builder.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Builder.php
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ public function withoutGlobalScope($scope)
      * @param  array|null  $scopes
      * @return $this
      */
-    public function withoutGlobalScopes(array $scopes = null)
+    public function withoutGlobalScopes(?array $scopes = null)
     {
         if (! is_array($scopes)) {
             $scopes = array_keys($this->scopes);
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ public function findOrNew($id, $columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]|static|mixed
      */
-    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ public function firstOrFail($columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|static|mixed
      */
-    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
diff --git a/Eloquent/Casts/Attribute.php b/Eloquent/Casts/Attribute.php
index 3f9fd19e2b..4fe2d807b6 100644
--- a/Eloquent/Casts/Attribute.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Casts/Attribute.php
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Attribute
      * @param  callable|null  $set
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(callable $get = null, callable $set = null)
+    public function __construct(?callable $get = null, ?callable $set = null)
     {
         $this->get = $get;
         $this->set = $set;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public function __construct(callable $get = null, callable $set = null)
      * @param  callable|null  $set
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function make(callable $get = null, callable $set = null): static
+    public static function make(?callable $get = null, ?callable $set = null): static
     {
         return new static($get, $set);
     }
diff --git a/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php b/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php
index 6f64884e43..2d5cc39549 100644
--- a/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ trait QueriesRelationships
      *
      * @throws \RuntimeException
      */
-    public function has($relation, $operator = '>=', $count = 1, $boolean = 'and', Closure $callback = null)
+    public function has($relation, $operator = '>=', $count = 1, $boolean = 'and', ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if (is_string($relation)) {
             if (str_contains($relation, '.')) {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public function orHas($relation, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function doesntHave($relation, $boolean = 'and', Closure $callback = null)
+    public function doesntHave($relation, $boolean = 'and', ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         return $this->has($relation, '<', 1, $boolean, $callback);
     }
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public function orDoesntHave($relation)
      * @param  int  $count
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function whereHas($relation, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
+    public function whereHas($relation, ?Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
     {
         return $this->has($relation, $operator, $count, 'and', $callback);
     }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ public function whereHas($relation, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=',
      * @param  int  $count
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function withWhereHas($relation, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
+    public function withWhereHas($relation, ?Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
     {
         return $this->whereHas(Str::before($relation, ':'), $callback, $operator, $count)
             ->with($callback ? [$relation => fn ($query) => $callback($query)] : $relation);
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public function withWhereHas($relation, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>
      * @param  int  $count
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function orWhereHas($relation, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
+    public function orWhereHas($relation, ?Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
     {
         return $this->has($relation, $operator, $count, 'or', $callback);
     }
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public function orWhereHas($relation, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>='
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function whereDoesntHave($relation, Closure $callback = null)
+    public function whereDoesntHave($relation, ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         return $this->doesntHave($relation, 'and', $callback);
     }
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ public function whereDoesntHave($relation, Closure $callback = null)
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function orWhereDoesntHave($relation, Closure $callback = null)
+    public function orWhereDoesntHave($relation, ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         return $this->doesntHave($relation, 'or', $callback);
     }
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public function orWhereDoesntHave($relation, Closure $callback = null)
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function hasMorph($relation, $types, $operator = '>=', $count = 1, $boolean = 'and', Closure $callback = null)
+    public function hasMorph($relation, $types, $operator = '>=', $count = 1, $boolean = 'and', ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if (is_string($relation)) {
             $relation = $this->getRelationWithoutConstraints($relation);
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ public function orHasMorph($relation, $types, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function doesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, $boolean = 'and', Closure $callback = null)
+    public function doesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, $boolean = 'and', ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         return $this->hasMorph($relation, $types, '<', 1, $boolean, $callback);
     }
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public function orDoesntHaveMorph($relation, $types)
      * @param  int  $count
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function whereHasMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
+    public function whereHasMorph($relation, $types, ?Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
     {
         return $this->hasMorph($relation, $types, $operator, $count, 'and', $callback);
     }
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ public function whereHasMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null, $oper
      * @param  int  $count
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function orWhereHasMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
+    public function orWhereHasMorph($relation, $types, ?Closure $callback = null, $operator = '>=', $count = 1)
     {
         return $this->hasMorph($relation, $types, $operator, $count, 'or', $callback);
     }
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ public function orWhereHasMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null, $op
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function whereDoesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null)
+    public function whereDoesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         return $this->doesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, 'and', $callback);
     }
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ public function whereDoesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|static
      */
-    public function orWhereDoesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, Closure $callback = null)
+    public function orWhereDoesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         return $this->doesntHaveMorph($relation, $types, 'or', $callback);
     }
diff --git a/Eloquent/Model.php b/Eloquent/Model.php
index 3d637a445f..d5929d8965 100644
--- a/Eloquent/Model.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Model.php
@@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ public function refresh()
      * @param  array|null  $except
      * @return static
      */
-    public function replicate(array $except = null)
+    public function replicate(?array $except = null)
     {
         $defaults = array_values(array_filter([
             $this->getKeyName(),
@@ -1741,7 +1741,7 @@ public function replicate(array $except = null)
      * @param  array|null  $except
      * @return static
      */
-    public function replicateQuietly(array $except = null)
+    public function replicateQuietly(?array $except = null)
     {
         return static::withoutEvents(fn () => $this->replicate($except));
     }
diff --git a/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php b/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php
index 6a9ec9ee02..f858507b2c 100755
--- a/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ public function findOrFail($id, $columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|mixed
      */
-    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ public function firstOrFail($columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|static|mixed
      */
-    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
diff --git a/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php b/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php
index b6ca9083f3..b950c9d5b9 100644
--- a/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public function addConstraints()
      * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|null  $query
      * @return void
      */
-    protected function performJoin(Builder $query = null)
+    protected function performJoin(?Builder $query = null)
     {
         $query = $query ?: $this->query;
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ public function firstOrFail($columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|static|mixed
      */
-    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ public function findOrFail($id, $columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|mixed
      */
-    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
diff --git a/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php b/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php
index 6523ca0dca..7a9b880556 100755
--- a/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php
+++ b/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ public static function enforceMorphMap(array $map, $merge = true)
      * @param  bool  $merge
      * @return array
      */
-    public static function morphMap(array $map = null, $merge = true)
+    public static function morphMap(?array $map = null, $merge = true)
     {
         $map = static::buildMorphMapFromModels($map);
 
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ public static function morphMap(array $map = null, $merge = true)
      * @param  string[]|null  $models
      * @return array|null
      */
-    protected static function buildMorphMapFromModels(array $models = null)
+    protected static function buildMorphMapFromModels(?array $models = null)
     {
         if (is_null($models) || Arr::isAssoc($models)) {
             return $models;
diff --git a/Migrations/Migrator.php b/Migrations/Migrator.php
index eb68437731..9bbe4fc4c1 100755
--- a/Migrations/Migrator.php
+++ b/Migrations/Migrator.php
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Migrator
     public function __construct(MigrationRepositoryInterface $repository,
                                 Resolver $resolver,
                                 Filesystem $files,
-                                Dispatcher $dispatcher = null)
+                                ?Dispatcher $dispatcher = null)
     {
         $this->files = $files;
         $this->events = $dispatcher;
diff --git a/MySqlConnection.php b/MySqlConnection.php
index 54e3d473d5..4a0de7a371 100755
--- a/MySqlConnection.php
+++ b/MySqlConnection.php
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ protected function getDefaultSchemaGrammar()
      * @param  callable|null  $processFactory
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Schema\MySqlSchemaState
      */
-    public function getSchemaState(Filesystem $files = null, callable $processFactory = null)
+    public function getSchemaState(?Filesystem $files = null, ?callable $processFactory = null)
     {
         return new MySqlSchemaState($this, $files, $processFactory);
     }
diff --git a/PostgresConnection.php b/PostgresConnection.php
index f750f64e6d..1364c36191 100755
--- a/PostgresConnection.php
+++ b/PostgresConnection.php
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ protected function getDefaultSchemaGrammar()
      * @param  callable|null  $processFactory
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Schema\PostgresSchemaState
      */
-    public function getSchemaState(Filesystem $files = null, callable $processFactory = null)
+    public function getSchemaState(?Filesystem $files = null, ?callable $processFactory = null)
     {
         return new PostgresSchemaState($this, $files, $processFactory);
     }
diff --git a/Query/Builder.php b/Query/Builder.php
index 6f98a8ce28..de23e811f7 100755
--- a/Query/Builder.php
+++ b/Query/Builder.php
@@ -237,8 +237,8 @@ class Builder implements BuilderContract
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(ConnectionInterface $connection,
-                                Grammar $grammar = null,
-                                Processor $processor = null)
+                                ?Grammar $grammar = null,
+                                ?Processor $processor = null)
     {
         $this->connection = $connection;
         $this->grammar = $grammar ?: $connection->getQueryGrammar();
@@ -2624,7 +2624,7 @@ public function find($id, $columns = ['*'])
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return mixed|static
      */
-    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
+    public function findOr($id, $columns = ['*'], ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         if ($columns instanceof Closure) {
             $callback = $columns;
diff --git a/SQLiteConnection.php b/SQLiteConnection.php
index 59b5edb210..b86997e0f8 100755
--- a/SQLiteConnection.php
+++ b/SQLiteConnection.php
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ protected function getDefaultSchemaGrammar()
      *
      * @throws \RuntimeException
      */
-    public function getSchemaState(Filesystem $files = null, callable $processFactory = null)
+    public function getSchemaState(?Filesystem $files = null, ?callable $processFactory = null)
     {
         return new SqliteSchemaState($this, $files, $processFactory);
     }
diff --git a/Schema/Blueprint.php b/Schema/Blueprint.php
index 3ea7d15a21..6282073a5f 100755
--- a/Schema/Blueprint.php
+++ b/Schema/Blueprint.php
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class Blueprint
      * @param  string  $prefix
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct($table, Closure $callback = null, $prefix = '')
+    public function __construct($table, ?Closure $callback = null, $prefix = '')
     {
         $this->table = $table;
         $this->prefix = $prefix;
diff --git a/Schema/Builder.php b/Schema/Builder.php
index 88cd965aa5..d2d9b4a40f 100755
--- a/Schema/Builder.php
+++ b/Schema/Builder.php
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ protected function build(Blueprint $blueprint)
      * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint
      */
-    protected function createBlueprint($table, Closure $callback = null)
+    protected function createBlueprint($table, ?Closure $callback = null)
     {
         $prefix = $this->connection->getConfig('prefix_indexes')
                     ? $this->connection->getConfig('prefix')
diff --git a/Schema/SchemaState.php b/Schema/SchemaState.php
index 58d9c3a438..c21f4ba762 100644
--- a/Schema/SchemaState.php
+++ b/Schema/SchemaState.php
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ abstract class SchemaState
      * @param  callable|null  $processFactory
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Connection $connection, Filesystem $files = null, callable $processFactory = null)
+    public function __construct(Connection $connection, ?Filesystem $files = null, ?callable $processFactory = null)
     {
         $this->connection = $connection;
 
diff --git a/SqlServerConnection.php b/SqlServerConnection.php
index feb4577bc9..1c98d230e6 100755
--- a/SqlServerConnection.php
+++ b/SqlServerConnection.php
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ protected function getDefaultSchemaGrammar()
      *
      * @throws \RuntimeException
      */
-    public function getSchemaState(Filesystem $files = null, callable $processFactory = null)
+    public function getSchemaState(?Filesystem $files = null, ?callable $processFactory = null)
     {
         throw new RuntimeException('Schema dumping is not supported when using SQL Server.');
     }