diff --git a/labs/submission5.md b/labs/submission5.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..046103c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/labs/submission5.md @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ +# Lab 5 — Virtualization & System Analysis + +## Task 1 - VirtualBox Installation + +### Host System Information + +- Host OS: macOS Sequoia 15.6.1 +- Architecture: Apple Silicon M4 Pro +- VirtualBox Version: 7.2.2 r170484 + +### Installation Issues + +- No installation issues were met + + +## Task 2 - Ubuntu VM and System Analysis + +### 2.1: Creating Ubuntu VM + +- ISO file `ubuntu-24.04.3-desktop-arm64.iso` +- Created VM with minimal setup: 4GB RAM, 2 CPU cores, 25GB Disk +- Installation: Default installation process completed successfully + +### 2.2: System Information Discovery + +#### CPU Details +**Tool Discovered**: lscpu, cat /proc/cpuinfo + +```bash +> lscpu +Architecture: aarch64 + CPU op-mode(s): 64-bit + Byte Order: Little Endian +CPU(s): 2 + On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1 +Vendor ID: Apple + Model name: - + Model: 0 + Thread(s) per core: 1 + Core(s) per cluster: 2 + Socket(s): - + Cluster(s): 1 + Stepping: 0x0 + BogoMIPS: 48.00 + Flags: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics + fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop + sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm + sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint bf16 afp +NUMA: + NUMA node(s): 1 + NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1 +Vulnerabilities: + Gather data sampling: Not affected + Ghostwrite: Not affected + Indirect target selection: Not affected + Itlb multihit: Not affected + L1tf: Not affected + Mds: Not affected + Meltdown: Not affected + Mmio stale data: Not affected + Reg file data sampling: Not affected + Retbleed: Not affected + Spec rstack overflow: Not affected + Spec store bypass: Vulnerable + Spectre v1: Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization + Spectre v2: Mitigation; CSV2, but not BHB + Srbds: Not affected + Tsx async abort: Not affected +``` + +```bash +> cat /proc/cpuinfo +processor : 0 +BogoMIPS : 48.00 +Features : fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint bf16 afp +CPU implementer : 0x61 +CPU architecture: 8 +CPU variant : 0x0 +CPU part : 0x000 +CPU revision : 0 + +processor : 1 +BogoMIPS : 48.00 +Features : fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 asimddp sha512 asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp flagm2 frint bf16 afp +CPU implementer : 0x61 +CPU architecture: 8 +CPU variant : 0x0 +CPU part : 0x000 +CPU revision : 0 +``` + +**Output Analysis**: +- **Architecture**: ARM64 (Apple Silicon) with 2 CPU cores, confirming the VM is running on Apple M4 Pro host +- **CPU Features**: Comprehensive ARM64 instruction set including AES, SHA, and advanced security features +- **Virtualization**: Running with 2 cores allocated from host system +- **Security**: Multiple vulnerability mitigations present (Spectre v1/v2, etc.) +- **Performance**: BogoMIPS indicates baseline performance measurement capability + + + +#### Memory Information + +**Tool Discovered**: free -h, cat /proc/meminfo + +```bash +>free -h +total used free shared buff/cache available +Mem: 3.8Gi 1.5Gi 490Mi 58Mi 1.7Gi 2.3Gi +Swap: 0B 0B 0B +``` + +```bash +> cat/proc/meminfo +MemTotal: 3991328 kB +MemFree: 557712 kB +MemAvailable: 2439312 kB +Buffers: 75112 kB +Cached: 1709448 kB +SwapCached: 0 kB +Active: 2121760 kB +Inactive: 997156 kB +Active(anon): 1140096 kB +Inactive(anon): 0 kB +Active(file): 981664 kB +Inactive(file): 997156 kB +Unevictable: 16 kB +Mlocked: 16 kB +SwapTotal: 0 kB +SwapFree: 0 kB +Zswap: 0 kB +Zswapped: 0 kB +Dirty: 10476 kB +Writeback: 0 kB +AnonPages: 1334428 kB +Mapped: 524220 kB +Shmem: 59896 kB +KReclaimable: 58064 kB +Slab: 169032 kB +SReclaimable: 58064 kB +SUnreclaim: 110968 kB +KernelStack: 12000 kB +ShadowCallStack: 3008 kB +PageTables: 28340 kB +SecPageTables: 0 kB +NFS_Unstable: 0 kB +Bounce: 0 kB +WritebackTmp: 0 kB +CommitLimit: 1995664 kB +Committed_AS: 6189400 kB +VmallocTotal: 135288315904 kB +VmallocUsed: 28248 kB +VmallocChunk: 0 kB +Percpu: 1168 kB +HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB +AnonHugePages: 0 kB +ShmemHugePages: 0 kB +ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB +FileHugePages: 0 kB +FilePmdMapped: 0 kB +CmaTotal: 32768 kB +CmaFree: 29888 kB +HugePages_Total: 0 +HugePages_Free: 0 +HugePages_Rsvd: 0 +HugePages_Surp: 0 +Hugepagesize: 2048 kB +Hugetlb: 0 kB +``` + +**Output Analysis**: +- **Total Memory**: 3.8GB allocated to VM (matches 4GB configuration) +- **Memory Usage**: 1.5GB used, 2.3GB available (healthy memory utilization) +- **Swap**: No swap configured (0B), indicating sufficient physical memory +- **Memory Management**: Active caching (1.7GB buffer/cache) showing efficient memory utilization + + + +#### Network Configuration + +**Tool Discovered**: ip addr, ifconfig, ss, ip route + +```bash +>ip addr +1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 + link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 + inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +2: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:7c:39:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s8 + valid_lft 85407sec preferred_lft 85407sec + inet6 fd17:625c:f037:2:2112:6657:161:d5b0/64 scope global temporary dynamic + valid_lft 86126sec preferred_lft 14126sec + inet6 fd17:625c:f037:2:a00:27ff:fe7c:398d/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr + valid_lft 86126sec preferred_lft 14126sec + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe7c:398d/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +``` + +```bash +> ifconfig +enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255 + inet6 fd17:625c:f037:2:2112:6657:161:d5b0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0 + inet6 fd17:625c:f037:2:a00:27ff:fe7c:398d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0 + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe7c:398d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 + ether 08:00:27:7c:39:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) + RX packets 45044 bytes 58203312 (58.2 MB) + RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 + TX packets 15541 bytes 1608481 (1.6 MB) + TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 + +lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 + inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 + inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 + loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) + RX packets 1767 bytes 161209 (161.2 KB) + RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 + TX packets 1767 bytes 161209 (161.2 KB) + TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 +``` + +```bash +> ss +... +u_str ESTAB 0 0 @6196f830105ba0fa/bus/systemd-logind/system 10580 * 10583 +u_str ESTAB 0 0 @ea379752957e5589/bus/systemd/bus-api-system 10452 * 9124 +u_str ESTAB 0 0 @f3908ff3ff91b55/bus/systemd-timesyn/bus-api-timesync 10171 * 9113 +u_str ESTAB 0 0 @879dbedbca483b83/bus/systemd-resolve/bus-api-resolve 10172 * 9114 +u_str ESTAB 0 0 @2fc4d82a249a9584/bus/systemd/bus-api-user 15136 * 15523 +udp ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15%enp0s8:bootpc 10.0.2.2:bootps +tcp ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:44752 149.154.167.99:https +tcp ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:44764 149.154.167.99:https +tcp ESTAB 0 0 10.0.2.15:33032 34.107.243.93:https +``` + +```bash +> ip route +default via 10.0.2.2 dev enp0s8 proto dhcp src 10.0.2.15 metric 100 +10.0.2.0/24 dev enp0s8 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.2.15 metric 100 +``` + +**Output Analysis**: +- **Network Interface**: enp0s8 (VirtualBox default network adapter) +- **IP Configuration**: 10.0.2.15/24 (VirtualBox NAT network) +- **Gateway**: 10.0.2.2 (VirtualBox NAT gateway) +- **IPv6**: Dual-stack configuration with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses +- **Connectivity**: Active connections to external services (149.154.167.99 - likely Telegram) + + + +#### Storage Information + +**Tool Discovered**: df -h, lsblk, fdisk -v + +```bash +> df -h +Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on +tmpfs 390M 1.5M 389M 1% /run +/dev/sda2 24G 5.5G 17G 25% / +tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm +tmpfs 5.0M 8.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock +efivarfs 256K 11K 246K 4% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars +/dev/sda1 1.1G 6.4M 1.1G 1% /boot/efi +tmpfs 390M 124K 390M 1% /run/user/1000 +``` + +```bash +> lsblk +NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS +loop0 7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5 +loop1 7:1 0 68.9M 1 loop /snap/core22/2049 +loop2 7:2 0 230.5M 1 loop /snap/firefox/6563 +loop3 7:3 0 493.5M 1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/201 +loop4 7:4 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535 +loop5 7:5 0 10M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/1271 +loop6 7:6 0 42.9M 1 loop /snap/snapd/24787 +loop7 7:7 0 552K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/316 +sda 8:0 0 25G 0 disk +├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot/efi +└─sda2 8:2 0 23.9G 0 part / +sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom +``` + +```bash +> fdisk -v +fdisk from util-linux 2.39.3 +``` + +**Output Analysis**: +- **Disk Configuration**: 25GB virtual disk (sda) with EFI boot partition (1GB) and root partition (23.9GB) +- **Disk Usage**: 5.5GB used out of 24GB (25% utilization) - healthy for fresh installation +- **Filesystem**: Standard Linux filesystem with EFI boot support +- **Snap Packages**: Multiple snap packages (Firefox, GNOME, etc.) indicating modern Ubuntu installation + + +#### Operating System + +**Tool Discovered**: uname, uname -a, hostnamectl, cat /etc/os-release + +```bash +> uname +Linux +``` + +```bash +> uname -a +Linux DevOpsLab5 6.14.0-33-generic #33~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Sep 19 16:19:58 UTC 2 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux +``` + +```bash +> hostnamectl +Static hostname: DevOpsLab5 + Icon name: computer + Machine ID: e8431955a2c14dd0904278237c69c7b9 + Boot ID: 22cf3cdb99204d6ca4a545426d22c5f4 +Operating System: Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS + Kernel: Linux 6.14.0-33-generic + Architecture: arm64 +``` + +```bash +> cat /etc/os-release +PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS" +NAME="Ubuntu" +VERSION_ID="24.04" +VERSION="24.04.3 LTS (Noble Numbat)" +VERSION_CODENAME=noble +ID=ubuntu +ID_LIKE=debian +HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" +SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" +BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" +PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" +UBUNTU_CODENAME=noble +LOGO=ubuntu-logo +``` + +**Output Analysis**: +- **Operating System**: Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS (Noble Numbat) - latest point release +- **Kernel**: Linux 6.14.0-33-generic (modern kernel with PREEMPT_DYNAMIC) +- **Architecture**: ARM64 (aarch64) confirming Apple Silicon support +- **Hostname**: DevOpsLab5 (custom hostname set during installation) +- **System Type**: LTS (Long Term Support) version with extended support + +#### Virtualization Detection + +**Tool Discovered**: systemd-detect-virt, sudo lshw -class system + +```bash +> systemd-detect-virt +none +``` + +```bash +> sudo lshw -class system +[sudo] password for vboxuser: +devopslab5 + description: Computer + width: 64 bits + capabilities: smp cp15_barrier swp tagged_addr_disabled + *-pnp00:00 + product: PnP device PNP0c02 + physical id: a + capabilities: pnp + configuration: driver=system +``` + +**Output Analysis**: +- **Virtualization Detection**: `systemd-detect-virt` returned "none" - this is expected for VirtualBox VMs +- **Hardware Abstraction**: VirtualBox successfully abstracts hardware, making detection challenging +- **System Architecture**: 64-bit ARM system with proper hardware abstraction + + +#### Reflection on Tool Usefulness + +**Most Useful Tools**: + +1. **lscpu**: Most comprehensive CPU information in a clean, organized format - Provides architecture, cores, features, and security information + +2. **hostnamectl**: Comprehensive system information - Shows OS version, kernel, architecture + +3. **df -h**: Essential disk usage information - Human-readable disk space usage and critical for storage monitoring + +4. **free -h**: Best for quick memory overview - Human-readable format (GB, MB) and shows total, used, available memory at a glance + +5. **ip addr show**: Modern network interface information - Shows all network interfaces with detailed configuration