Axios源码解析

[jmx164491960]

前言

Axios是当前比较常用的一个ajax工具库，本文将对其源码进行解析，理解。以便于我们使用的时候更得心应手。

入口

入口是lib/axios.js,源码部分：

/**
 * Create an instance of Axios
 *
 * @param {Object} defaultConfig The default config for the instance
 * @return {Axios} A new instance of Axios
 */
function createInstance(defaultConfig) {
  var context = new Axios(defaultConfig);
  var instance = bind(Axios.prototype.request, context);

  // Copy axios.prototype to instance
  utils.extend(instance, Axios.prototype, context);

  // Copy context to instance
  utils.extend(instance, context);

  return instance;
}

// Create the default instance to be exported
var axios = createInstance(defaults);

// Expose Axios class to allow class inheritance
axios.Axios = Axios;

// Factory for creating new instances
axios.create = function create(instanceConfig) {
  return createInstance(mergeConfig(axios.defaults, instanceConfig));
};

// Expose Cancel & CancelToken
axios.Cancel = require('./cancel/Cancel');
axios.CancelToken = require('./cancel/CancelToken');
axios.isCancel = require('./cancel/isCancel');

// Expose all/spread
axios.all = function all(promises) {
  return Promise.all(promises);
};
axios.spread = require('./helpers/spread');

module.exports = axios;

// Allow use of default import syntax in TypeScript
module.exports.default = axios;

要点：

• 这里面主要定义了创建实例的方法createInstance，关于这个方法后面再解析。export的axios也是通过方法传入default配置生成的一个实例。也就是说我们import到的是一个由此创建的一个实例。
• axios对象下定义了一个属性create,用于根据传入配置创建新的实例。

/core/Axios.js

上面谈到的createInstance方法，里面关键是执行了Axios.js内的Axios，我们对其进行解析，源码部分：

'use strict';

var utils = require('./../utils');
var buildURL = require('../helpers/buildURL');
var InterceptorManager = require('./InterceptorManager');
var dispatchRequest = require('./dispatchRequest');
var mergeConfig = require('./mergeConfig');

/**
 * Create a new instance of Axios
 *
 * @param {Object} instanceConfig The default config for the instance
 */
function Axios(instanceConfig) {
  this.defaults = instanceConfig;
  this.interceptors = {
    request: new InterceptorManager(),
    response: new InterceptorManager()
  };
}

/**
 * Dispatch a request
 *
 * @param {Object} config The config specific for this request (merged with this.defaults)
 */
Axios.prototype.request = function request(config) {
  /*eslint no-param-reassign:0*/
  // Allow for axios('example/url'[, config]) a la fetch API
  if (typeof config === 'string') {
    config = arguments[1] || {};
    config.url = arguments[0];
  } else {
    config = config || {};
  }

  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);

  // Set config.method
  if (config.method) {
    config.method = config.method.toLowerCase();
  } else if (this.defaults.method) {
    config.method = this.defaults.method.toLowerCase();
  } else {
    config.method = 'get';
  }

  // Hook up interceptors middleware
  var chain = [dispatchRequest, undefined];
  var promise = Promise.resolve(config);

  this.interceptors.request.forEach(function unshiftRequestInterceptors(interceptor) {
    chain.unshift(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);
  });

  this.interceptors.response.forEach(function pushResponseInterceptors(interceptor) {
    chain.push(interceptor.fulfilled, interceptor.rejected);
  });

  while (chain.length) {
    promise = promise.then(chain.shift(), chain.shift());
  }

  return promise;
};

Axios.prototype.getUri = function getUri(config) {
  config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);
  return buildURL(config.url, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\?/, '');
};

// Provide aliases for supported request methods
utils.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoData(method) {
  /*eslint func-names:0*/
  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, config) {
    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
      method: method,
      url: url
    }));
  };
});

utils.forEach(['post', 'put', 'patch'], function forEachMethodWithData(method) {
  /*eslint func-names:0*/
  Axios.prototype[method] = function(url, data, config) {
    return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
      method: method,
      url: url,
      data: data
    }));
  };
});

module.exports = Axios;

要点：

• 构造方法Axios，初始化时创建两个属性，一个是配置(传入参数)，一个是对象interceptors，内有属性request和response，这两属性都是通过类InterceptorManager创建，InterceptorManager后面再解析。
• 定义了Axios类原型链下两个方法request和getUri：

1. request: 把方法内传入config和默认的config做一个merge。然后执行一个promise链，执行顺序为串行，promise数组的头部是方法dispatchRequest，这就是这个request的核心所在了，稍后解析.promise链后面的就是我们定义的拦截器方法，interceptors.request，interceptors.response
2. getUri:这个方法起到一个请求路径格式化的作用，里面判断传入参数和请求方法，格式化请求路径。

• 定义了'delete', 'get', 'head', 'options','post', 'put', 'patch'等语法糖，axios.get其实就是axios({method: 'get'})而已

dispatchRequest.js

源码部分：

'use strict';

var utils = require('./../utils');
var transformData = require('./transformData');
var isCancel = require('../cancel/isCancel');
var defaults = require('../defaults');

/**
 * Throws a `Cancel` if cancellation has been requested.
 */
function throwIfCancellationRequested(config) {
  if (config.cancelToken) {
    config.cancelToken.throwIfRequested();
  }
}

/**
 * Dispatch a request to the server using the configured adapter.
 *
 * @param {object} config The config that is to be used for the request
 * @returns {Promise} The Promise to be fulfilled
 */
module.exports = function dispatchRequest(config) {
  throwIfCancellationRequested(config);

  // Ensure headers exist
  config.headers = config.headers || {};

  // Transform request data
  config.data = transformData(
    config.data,
    config.headers,
    config.transformRequest
  );

  // Flatten headers
  config.headers = utils.merge(
    config.headers.common || {},
    config.headers[config.method] || {},
    config.headers
  );

  utils.forEach(
    ['delete', 'get', 'head', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'common'],
    function cleanHeaderConfig(method) {
      delete config.headers[method];
    }
  );

  var adapter = config.adapter || defaults.adapter;

  return adapter(config).then(function onAdapterResolution(response) {
    throwIfCancellationRequested(config);

    // Transform response data
    response.data = transformData(
      response.data,
      response.headers,
      config.transformResponse
    );

    return response;
  }, function onAdapterRejection(reason) {
    if (!isCancel(reason)) {
      throwIfCancellationRequested(config);

      // Transform response data
      if (reason && reason.response) {
        reason.response.data = transformData(
          reason.response.data,
          reason.response.headers,
          config.transformResponse
        );
      }
    }

    return Promise.reject(reason);
  });
};

要点：

• 对request和response做了transformData处理，处理的函数就是我们传入的transformRequest，和transformResponse，以及这两个生命周期的默认方法
• 该方法返回的是adapter方法的结果，实际上adapter就是核心所在，里面的代码是一个请求发起的执行过程。adapter的定义在defaults.js

defaults.js

源码部分:

function getDefaultAdapter() {
  var adapter;
  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
    // For browsers use XHR adapter
    adapter = require('./adapters/xhr');
  } else if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && Object.prototype.toString.call(process) === '[object process]') {
    // For node use HTTP adapter
    adapter = require('./adapters/http');
  }
  return adapter;
}

var defaults = {
  adapter: getDefaultAdapter(),
  // ...
}

要点：

• 里面判断是当前环境是否支持XMLHttpRequest。若不支持则执行为node环境准备的adapters/http.js

/adapters/xhr.js

源码部分：

'use strict';

var utils = require('./../utils');
var settle = require('./../core/settle');
var cookies = require('./../helpers/cookies');
var buildURL = require('./../helpers/buildURL');
var buildFullPath = require('../core/buildFullPath');
var parseHeaders = require('./../helpers/parseHeaders');
var isURLSameOrigin = require('./../helpers/isURLSameOrigin');
var createError = require('../core/createError');

module.exports = function xhrAdapter(config) {
  return new Promise(function dispatchXhrRequest(resolve, reject) {
    var requestData = config.data;
    var requestHeaders = config.headers;

    if (utils.isFormData(requestData)) {
      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it
    }

    if (
      (utils.isBlob(requestData) || utils.isFile(requestData)) &&
      requestData.type
    ) {
      delete requestHeaders['Content-Type']; // Let the browser set it
    }

    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

    // HTTP basic authentication
    if (config.auth) {
      var username = config.auth.username || '';
      var password = unescape(encodeURIComponent(config.auth.password)) || '';
      requestHeaders.Authorization = 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + password);
    }

    var fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url);
    request.open(config.method.toUpperCase(), buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer), true);

    // Set the request timeout in MS
    request.timeout = config.timeout;

    // Listen for ready state
    request.onreadystatechange = function handleLoad() {
      if (!request || request.readyState !== 4) {
        return;
      }

      // The request errored out and we didn't get a response, this will be
      // handled by onerror instead
      // With one exception: request that using file: protocol, most browsers
      // will return status as 0 even though it's a successful request
      if (request.status === 0 && !(request.responseURL && request.responseURL.indexOf('file:') === 0)) {
        return;
      }

      // Prepare the response
      var responseHeaders = 'getAllResponseHeaders' in request ? parseHeaders(request.getAllResponseHeaders()) : null;
      var responseData = !config.responseType || config.responseType === 'text' ? request.responseText : request.response;
      var response = {
        data: responseData,
        status: request.status,
        statusText: request.statusText,
        headers: responseHeaders,
        config: config,
        request: request
      };

      settle(resolve, reject, response);

      // Clean up request
      request = null;
    };

    // Handle browser request cancellation (as opposed to a manual cancellation)
    request.onabort = function handleAbort() {
      if (!request) {
        return;
      }

      reject(createError('Request aborted', config, 'ECONNABORTED', request));

      // Clean up request
      request = null;
    };

    // Handle low level network errors
    request.onerror = function handleError() {
      // Real errors are hidden from us by the browser
      // onerror should only fire if it's a network error
      reject(createError('Network Error', config, null, request));

      // Clean up request
      request = null;
    };

    // Handle timeout
    request.ontimeout = function handleTimeout() {
      var timeoutErrorMessage = 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded';
      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {
        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;
      }
      reject(createError(timeoutErrorMessage, config, 'ECONNABORTED',
        request));

      // Clean up request
      request = null;
    };

    // Add xsrf header
    // This is only done if running in a standard browser environment.
    // Specifically not if we're in a web worker, or react-native.
    if (utils.isStandardBrowserEnv()) {
      // Add xsrf header
      var xsrfValue = (config.withCredentials || isURLSameOrigin(fullPath)) && config.xsrfCookieName ?
        cookies.read(config.xsrfCookieName) :
        undefined;

      if (xsrfValue) {
        requestHeaders[config.xsrfHeaderName] = xsrfValue;
      }
    }

    // Add headers to the request
    if ('setRequestHeader' in request) {
      utils.forEach(requestHeaders, function setRequestHeader(val, key) {
        if (typeof requestData === 'undefined' && key.toLowerCase() === 'content-type') {
          // Remove Content-Type if data is undefined
          delete requestHeaders[key];
        } else {
          // Otherwise add header to the request
          request.setRequestHeader(key, val);
        }
      });
    }

    // Add withCredentials to request if needed
    if (!utils.isUndefined(config.withCredentials)) {
      request.withCredentials = !!config.withCredentials;
    }

    // Add responseType to request if needed
    if (config.responseType) {
      try {
        request.responseType = config.responseType;
      } catch (e) {
        // Expected DOMException thrown by browsers not compatible XMLHttpRequest Level 2.
        // But, this can be suppressed for 'json' type as it can be parsed by default 'transformResponse' function.
        if (config.responseType !== 'json') {
          throw e;
        }
      }
    }

    // Handle progress if needed
    if (typeof config.onDownloadProgress === 'function') {
      request.addEventListener('progress', config.onDownloadProgress);
    }

    // Not all browsers support upload events
    if (typeof config.onUploadProgress === 'function' && request.upload) {
      request.upload.addEventListener('progress', config.onUploadProgress);
    }

    if (config.cancelToken) {
      // Handle cancellation
      config.cancelToken.promise.then(function onCanceled(cancel) {
        if (!request) {
          return;
        }

        request.abort();
        reject(cancel);
        // Clean up request
        request = null;
      });
    }

    if (!requestData) {
      requestData = null;
    }

    // Send the request
    request.send(requestData);
  });
};

要点：

• 这个export出去的方法其实就是对XMLHttpRequest的封装，使其支持Promise语法。
• 通过readystate判断接口的请求情况，这属于基础知识：

1. (0)未初始化
   此阶段确认XMLHttpRequest对象是否创建，并为调用open()方法进行未初始化作好准备。值为0表示对象已经存在，否则浏览器会报错－－对象不存在。
2. (1)载入
   此阶段对XMLHttpRequest对象进行初始化，即调用open()方法，根据参数(method,url,true)完成对象状态的设置。并调用send()方法开始向服务端发送请求。值为1表示正在向服务端发送请求。
3. (2)载入完成
   此阶段接收服务器端的响应数据。但获得的还只是服务端响应的原始数据，并不能直接在客户端使用。值为2表示已经接收完全部响应数据。并为下一阶段对数据解析作好准备。
4. (3)交互
   此阶段解析接收到的服务器端响应数据。即根据服务器端响应头部返回的MIME类型把数据转换成能通过responseBody、responseText或responseXML属性存取的格式，为在客户端调用作好准备。状态3表示正在解析数据。
5. (4)完成
   此阶段确认全部数据都已经解析为客户端可用的格式，解析已经完成。值为4表示数据解析完毕，可以通过XMLHttpRequest对象的相应属性取得数据。

概而括之，整个XMLHttpRequest对象的生命周期应该包含如下阶段：
创建－初始化请求－发送请求－接收数据－解析数据－完成

总结

本文属于抱砖引玉，个人研究学习，如有写得不对的情况，还请多多指教。