If both Safari and Safari Technology Preview are installed, there's no way for SFSafariApplication dispatchMessage to target one of those apps specifically. This is problematic, because a Safari extension may be enabled in one or the other or both of those apps.
By default, the messages go to Safari no matter what, even if the extension is not enabled in Safari, unless Safari Technology Preview is the default web browser.
In my case, neither Safari nor Safari Technology Preview is my default web browser. This makes the method SFSafariApplication dispatchMessage practically useless.
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/sfsafariapplication/dispatchmessage(withname:toextensionwithidentifier:userinfo:completionhandler:)