FIX: fix current cmake warnings in linux and add support to treat warnings as errors in linux (#353)

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[AB#37803](https://sqlclientdrivers.visualstudio.com/c6d89619-62de-46a0-8b46-70b92a84d85e/_workitems/edit/37803)

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### Summary   
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This pull request introduces improvements to the build configuration and
code safety for the `mssql_python/pybind` module. The main changes focus
on enforcing stricter warning and error handling in the build system,
improving cross-platform compatibility, and ensuring safe type casting
in parameter binding.

**Build system improvements:**

* Enforced treating CMake warnings and deprecated features as errors by
setting `CMAKE_ERROR_DEPRECATED` and `CMAKE_WARN_DEPRECATED` to `TRUE`
in `CMakeLists.txt`, ensuring deprecated usage is caught early.
* Added compiler warning flags for GCC and Clang (`-Werror`,
`-Wattributes`, `-Wint-to-pointer-cast`) to treat warnings as errors and
catch visibility and type casting issues in `CMakeLists.txt`.

**Code safety and compatibility:**

* Suppressed visibility attribute warnings for the `ParamInfo` struct on
Linux using GCC diagnostic pragmas, while maintaining compatibility with
Windows.
[[1]](diffhunk://#diff-dde2297345718ec449a14e7dff91b7bb2342b008ecc071f562233646d71144a1R117-R121)
[[2]](diffhunk://#diff-dde2297345718ec449a14e7dff91b7bb2342b008ecc071f562233646d71144a1R132-R134)
* Updated type casting in the `BindParameters` function to use
`reinterpret_cast` and `static_cast` for safe conversion of numeric
precision and scale values to `SQLPOINTER`, preventing potential type
safety issues.
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Author: gargsaumya

mssql_python/pybind/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 # Enable verbose output to see actual compiler/linker commands
 set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE ON CACHE BOOL "Verbose output" FORCE)
 
+# Treat CMake warnings as errors
+set(CMAKE_ERROR_DEPRECATED TRUE)
+set(CMAKE_WARN_DEPRECATED TRUE)
+
 if (MSVC)
     # Security compiler options for OneBranch compliance
     message(STATUS "Applying MSVC security compiler options for OneBranch compliance")
@@ -302,6 +306,21 @@ if(MSVC)
     target_compile_options(ddbc_bindings PRIVATE /W4 /WX)
 endif()
 
+# Add warning flags for GCC/Clang on Linux and macOS
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU" OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+    target_compile_options(ddbc_bindings PRIVATE 
+        -Werror        # Treat warnings as errors
+        -Wattributes   # Enable attribute warnings (cross-compiler)
+    )
+    
+    # GCC-specific warning flags
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+        target_compile_options(ddbc_bindings PRIVATE 
+            -Wint-to-pointer-cast  # GCC-specific warning for integer-to-pointer casts
+        )
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 # Add macOS-specific string conversion fix
 if(APPLE)
     message(STATUS "Enabling macOS string conversion fix")

mssql_python/pybind/ddbc_bindings.cpp

@@ -114,6 +114,13 @@ py::object get_uuid_class() {
 
 // Struct to hold parameter information for binding. Used by SQLBindParameter.
 // This struct is shared between C++ & Python code.
+// Suppress -Wattributes warning for ParamInfo struct
+// The warning is triggered because pybind11 handles visibility attributes automatically,
+// and having additional attributes on the struct can cause conflicts on Linux with GCC
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wattributes"
+#endif
 struct ParamInfo {
     SQLSMALLINT inputOutputType;
     SQLSMALLINT paramCType;
@@ -124,6 +131,9 @@ struct ParamInfo {
     bool isDAE = false;      // Indicates if we need to stream
     py::object dataPtr;
 };
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
 
 // Mirrors the SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT. But redefined to replace val char array
 // with std::string, because pybind doesn't allow binding char array.
@@ -713,23 +723,23 @@ SQLRETURN BindParameters(SQLHANDLE hStmt, const py::list& params,
             }
             SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT* numericPtr = reinterpret_cast<SQL_NUMERIC_STRUCT*>(dataPtr);
             rc = SQLSetDescField_ptr(hDesc, 1, SQL_DESC_PRECISION,
-                                     (SQLPOINTER)numericPtr->precision, 0);
+                                     reinterpret_cast<SQLPOINTER>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(numericPtr->precision)), 0);
             if (!SQL_SUCCEEDED(rc)) {
                 LOG("BindParameters: SQLSetDescField(SQL_DESC_PRECISION) "
                     "failed for param[%d] - SQLRETURN=%d",
                     paramIndex, rc);
                 return rc;
             }
 
-            rc = SQLSetDescField_ptr(hDesc, 1, SQL_DESC_SCALE, (SQLPOINTER)numericPtr->scale, 0);
+            rc = SQLSetDescField_ptr(hDesc, 1, SQL_DESC_SCALE, reinterpret_cast<SQLPOINTER>(static_cast<intptr_t>(numericPtr->scale)), 0);
             if (!SQL_SUCCEEDED(rc)) {
                 LOG("BindParameters: SQLSetDescField(SQL_DESC_SCALE) failed "
                     "for param[%d] - SQLRETURN=%d",
                     paramIndex, rc);
                 return rc;
             }
 
-            rc = SQLSetDescField_ptr(hDesc, 1, SQL_DESC_DATA_PTR, (SQLPOINTER)numericPtr, 0);
+            rc = SQLSetDescField_ptr(hDesc, 1, SQL_DESC_DATA_PTR, reinterpret_cast<SQLPOINTER>(numericPtr), 0);
             if (!SQL_SUCCEEDED(rc)) {
                 LOG("BindParameters: SQLSetDescField(SQL_DESC_DATA_PTR) failed "
                     "for param[%d] - SQLRETURN=%d",