diff --git a/mlx/ops.cpp b/mlx/ops.cpp
index ef792cd6f4..8bc13952cc 100644
--- a/mlx/ops.cpp
+++ b/mlx/ops.cpp
@@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ std::pair<array, array> broadcast_arrays(
 array equal(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, bool_, std::make_shared<Equal>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ array equal(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
 array not_equal(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       bool_,
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ array not_equal(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
 array greater(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, bool_, std::make_shared<Greater>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -1796,7 +1796,7 @@ array greater_equal(
     StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       bool_,
@@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@ array greater_equal(
 array less(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, bool_, std::make_shared<Less>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ array less(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
 array less_equal(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       bool_,
@@ -2811,7 +2811,7 @@ array logical_not(const array& a, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
 array logical_and(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   // Broadcast arrays to a common shape
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, bool_, s), astype(b, bool_, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       bool_,
@@ -2825,7 +2825,7 @@ array operator&&(const array& a, const array& b) {
 array logical_or(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   // Broadcast arrays to a common shape
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, bool_, s), astype(b, bool_, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       bool_,
@@ -2845,7 +2845,7 @@ array add(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto out_type = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs =
       broadcast_arrays({astype(a, out_type, s), astype(b, out_type, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, out_type, std::make_shared<Add>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -2858,7 +2858,7 @@ array subtract(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto out_type = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs =
       broadcast_arrays({astype(a, out_type, s), astype(b, out_type, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       out_type,
@@ -2874,7 +2874,7 @@ array multiply(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto out_type = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs =
       broadcast_arrays({astype(a, out_type, s), astype(b, out_type, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       out_type,
@@ -2890,7 +2890,7 @@ array divide(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = at_least_float(promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype()));
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays(
       {astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, to_stream(s))}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, dtype, std::make_shared<Divide>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -2914,7 +2914,7 @@ array floor_divide(
   }
 
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, dtype, std::make_shared<Divide>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -2923,7 +2923,7 @@ array remainder(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays(
       {astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, to_stream(s))}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       dtype,
@@ -2953,7 +2953,7 @@ array maximum(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto out_type = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs =
       broadcast_arrays({astype(a, out_type, s), astype(b, out_type, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       out_type,
@@ -2965,7 +2965,7 @@ array minimum(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto out_type = promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype());
   auto inputs =
       broadcast_arrays({astype(a, out_type, s), astype(b, out_type, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       out_type,
@@ -3048,7 +3048,7 @@ array arctan(const array& a, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
 array arctan2(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto dtype = at_least_float(promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype()));
   auto inputs = broadcast_arrays({astype(a, dtype, s), astype(b, dtype, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape, dtype, std::make_shared<ArcTan2>(to_stream(s)), std::move(inputs));
 }
@@ -3144,7 +3144,7 @@ array logaddexp(const array& a, const array& b, StreamOrDevice s /* = {} */) {
   auto out_type = at_least_float(promote_types(a.dtype(), b.dtype()));
   auto inputs =
       broadcast_arrays({astype(a, out_type, s), astype(b, out_type, s)}, s);
-  auto& shape = inputs[0].shape();
+  auto shape = inputs[0].shape();
   return array(
       shape,
       out_type,
@@ -4187,10 +4187,12 @@ array conv_transpose_general(
         output_padding[i]; // Adjust with output_padding
   }
 
+  auto ndim = stride.size();
+
   return conv_general(
       /* const array& input = */ input,
       /* const array& weight = */ weight,
-      /* std::vector<int> stride = */ std::vector(stride.size(), 1),
+      /* std::vector<int> stride = */ std::vector(ndim, 1),
       /* std::vector<int> padding_lo = */ std::move(padding_lo),
       /* std::vector<int> padding_hi = */ std::move(padding_hi),
       /* std::vector<int> kernel_dilation = */ std::move(dilation),