From 3858a47fdced554aa6559683ad4a6897d6ee9d84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jucedinv Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2025 19:29:43 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] #01 - Python --- .../python/jucedinv.py | 493 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 493 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/python/jucedinv.py diff --git a/Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/python/jucedinv.py b/Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/python/jucedinv.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b84be60288 --- /dev/null +++ b/Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/python/jucedinv.py @@ -0,0 +1,493 @@ +#01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL +print('01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL') +#Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator. +r_addition1 = 10 + 20 #10 + 20 will give 30 +r_addition2 = 10 + -20 #10 + -20 will give -10 +print('Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator.') +print('10 + 20 = ', r_addition1) +print('10 + -20 = ', r_addition2) +#Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand. +r_subtraction1 = 20 - 10 #20 - 10 will give 10 +r_subtraction2 = 10 - 20 #10 - 20 will give -10 +print('Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand.') +print('20 - 10 = ', r_subtraction1) +print('10 - 20 = ', r_subtraction2) +#Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator. +r_multiplication1 = 10 * 20 #10 * 20 will give 200 +r_multiplication2 = 10 * 0.5 #10 * 0.5 will give 5.0 +print('Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator.') +print('10 * 20 = ', r_multiplication1) +print('10 * 0.5 = ', r_multiplication2) +#Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand. +r_division1 = 20 / 10 #20 / 10 will give 2 +r_division2 = 10 / 20 #10 / 20 will give 0.5 +print('Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand.') +print('20 / 10 = ', r_division1) +print('10 / 20 = ', r_division2) +#Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder. +r_modulus1 = 20 % 10 #20 % 10 will give 0 +r_modulus2 = 22 % 10 #22 % 10 will give 2 +print('Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder.') +print('20 % 10 = ', r_modulus1) +print('22 % 10 = ', r_modulus2) +#Exponent - Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators. +r_exponent1 = 10 ** 2 # 10 ** 2 will give 100 +r_exponent2 = 100 ** 0.5 # 100 ** 0.5 will give 10 +print('Exponent - Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators.') +print('10 ** 2 = ', r_exponent1) +print('100 ** 0.5 = ', r_exponent2) +#Floor Division - The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the dig its after the decimal point are removed. +r_fdivision1 = 9 // 2 #9//2 is equal to 4 +r_fdivision2 = 9.0 // 2.0 #9.0//2.0 is equal to 4.0 +print('Floor Division - The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the dig its after the decimal point are removed.') +print('9 // 2 = ', r_fdivision1) +print('9.0 // 2.0 = ', r_fdivision2) +#Equality - checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. +r_equality1 = 20 == 10 #20 == 10 is not true. +r_equality2 = 10 == 10 #10 == 10 is true. +print('Equality - checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.') +print('20 == 10 = ', r_equality1) +print('10 == 10 = ', r_equality2) +#Inequality - Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. +r_inequalityA1 = 20 != 10 #(20 != 10) is true. +r_inequalityA2 = 10 != 10 #(10 != 10) is not true. +print('Inequality - Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.') +print('20 != 10 = ', r_inequalityA1) +print('10 != 10 = ', r_inequalityA2) +#Inequality (obsolet) - Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. +#r_inequalityB1 = 20 <> 10 #(20 <> 10) is true. This is similar to != operator in version 2.0 +#r_inequalityB2 = 10 <> 10 #(10 <> 10) is not true. This is similar to != operator in version 2.0 +#Greater-than - Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. +r_greater_than1 = 20 > 10 #(20 > 10) is true. +r_greater_than2 = 10 > 20 #(10 > 20) is not true. +print('Greater-than - Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.') +print('20 > 10 = ', r_greater_than1) +print('10 > 20 = ', r_greater_than2) +#Less-than - Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. +r_less_than1 = 20 < 10 #(20 > 10) is not true. +r_less_than2 = 10 < 20 #(10 > 20) is true. +print('Less-than - Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.') +print('20 < 10 = ', r_less_than1) +print('10 < 20 = ', r_less_than2) +#Greater than or equal to - Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. +r_greater_than_or_equal_to1 = 20 >= 10#(20 >= 10) is true. +r_greater_than_or_equal_to2 = 10 >= 20#(10 >= 20) is not true. +r_greater_than_or_equal_to3 = 20 >= 20#(20 >= 20) is true. +print('Greater than or equal to - Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.') +print('20 >= 10 = ', r_greater_than_or_equal_to1) +print('10 >= 20 = ', r_greater_than_or_equal_to2) +print('20 >= 20 = ', r_greater_than_or_equal_to3) +#Less than or equal to - Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. +r_less_than_or_equal_to1 = 20 <= 10#(20 >= 10) is not true. +r_less_than_or_equal_to2 = 10 <= 20#(10 >= 20) is true. +r_less_than_or_equal_to3 = 20 <= 20#(20 >= 20) is true. +print('Less than or equal to - Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.') +print('20 <= 10 = ', r_less_than_or_equal_to1) +print('10 <= 20 = ', r_less_than_or_equal_to2) +print('20 <= 20 = ', r_less_than_or_equal_to3) +#Assignment - Simple assignment operator - Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. +r_assignment1 = 10#r_assignment1 = 10 will assigne value 10 into r_assignment1 +r_assignment2 = 20#r_assignment2 = 20 will assigne value 20 into r_assignment2 +r_assignment3 = 10 + 20#r_assignment3 = 10 + 20 will assigne value of 10 + 20 into r_assignment3 +print('Assignment - Simple assignment operator - Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.') +print('r_assignment1 = 10 ----> Value of r_assignment1 = ', r_assignment1) +print('r_assignment2 = 20 ----> Value of r_assignment2 = ', r_assignment2) +print('r_assignment3 = 10 + 20 ----> Value of r_assignment3 = ', r_assignment3) +#Addition assignment - Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assig n the result to left operand. +#c += a is equivalent to c = c + a +r_addition_assignment1 = 1 +r_addition_assignment1 += 3#r_addition_assignment1 += 3 is equivalent to r_addition_assignment1 = r_addition_assignment1 + 3, result 4. +r_addition_assignment2 = 1 +r_addition_assignment2 += -3#r_addition_assignment2 += -3 is equivalent to r_addition_assignment2 = r_addition_assignment1 + -3, result -2. +print('Addition assignment - Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assig n the result to left operand.') +print('r_addition_assignment1 = 1') +print('r_addition_assignment1 += 3 ----> Value of r_addition_assignment1 = ', r_addition_assignment1) +print('r_addition_assignment2 = 1') +print('r_addition_assignment2 += -3 ----> Value of r_addition_assignment2 = ', r_addition_assignment2) +#Subtract assignment - Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assig n the result to left operand. +#c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a +r_subtraction_assignment1 = 10 +r_subtraction_assignment1 -= 3#r_subtraction_assignment1 -= 3 is equivalent to r_subtraction_assignment1 = r_subtraction_assignment1 - 3, result 7. +r_subtraction_assignment2 = 10 +r_subtraction_assignment2 -= -3#r_subtraction_assignment2 -= -3 is equivalent to r_subtraction_assignment2 = r_subtraction_assignment2 - -3, result 13. +print('Subtract assignment - Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assig n the result to left operand.') +print('r_subtraction_assignment1 = 10') +print('r_subtraction_assignment1 -= 3 ----> Value of r_subtraction_assignment1 = ', r_subtraction_assignment1) +print('r_subtraction_assignment2 = 10') +print('r_subtraction_assignment2 -= -3 ----> Value of r_subtraction_assignment2 = ', r_subtraction_assignment2) +#Multiplication assignment - Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. +#c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a +r_multiplication_assignment1 = 10 +r_multiplication_assignment1 *= 2#r_multiplication_assignment1 *= 2 is equivalent to r_multiplication_assignment1 = r_multiplication_assignment1 * 2, result 20. +r_multiplication_assignment2 = 10 +r_multiplication_assignment2 *= 0.5#r_multiplication_assignment2 *= 0.5 is equivalent to r_multiplication_assignment2 = r_multiplication_assignment2 * 0.5, result 5. +print('Multiplication assignment - Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.') +print('r_multiplication_assignment1 = 10') +print('r_multiplication_assignment1 *= 2 ----> Value of r_multiplication_assignment1 = ', r_multiplication_assignment1) +print('r_multiplication_assignment2 = 10') +print('r_multiplication_assignment2 *= 0.5 ----> Value of r_multiplication_assignment2 = ', r_multiplication_assignment2) +#Division assignment - Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the rig ht operand and assign the result to left operand. +#c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a +r_division_assignment1 = 10 +r_division_assignment1 /= 2#r_division_assignment1 /= 2 is equivalent to r_division_assignment1 = r_division_assignment1 / 2, result 5.0. +r_division_assignment2 = 10 +r_division_assignment2 /= 0.5#r_division_assignment2 /= 0.5 is equivalent to r_division_assignment2 = r_division_assignment2 / 0.5, result 20.0. +print('Division assignment - Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the rig ht operand and assign the result to left operand.') +print('r_division_assignment1 = 10') +print('r_division_assignment1 /= 2 ----> Value of r_division_assignment1 = ', r_division_assignment1) +print('r_division_assignment2 = 10') +print('r_division_assignment2 /= 0.5 ----> Value of r_division_assignment2 = ', r_division_assignment2) +#Modulus assignment - Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. +#c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a +r_modulus_assignment1 = 10 +r_modulus_assignment1 %= 2#r_modulus_assignment1 %= 2 is equivalent to r_modulus_assignment1 = r_modulus_assignment1 % 2, result 0. +r_modulus_assignment2 = 10 +r_modulus_assignment2 %= 3#r_modulus_assignment2 %= 3 is equivalent to r_modulus_assignment2 = r_modulus_assignment2 % 3, result 1. +print('Modulus assignment - Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.') +print('r_modulus_assignment1 = 10') +print('r_modulus_assignment1 %= 2 ----> Value of r_modulus_assignment1 = ', r_modulus_assignment1) +print('r_modulus_assignment2 = 10') +print('r_modulus_assignment2 %= 3 ----> Value of r_modulus_assignment2 = ', r_modulus_assignment2) +#Exponent assignment - "Exponent AND assignment operator, Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand. +#c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a +r_exponent_assignment1 = 10 +r_exponent_assignment1 **= 2#r_exponent_assignment1 **= 2 is equivalent to r_exponent_assignment1 = r_exponent_assignment1 ** 2, result 100. +r_exponent_assignment2 = 100 +r_exponent_assignment2 **= 0.5#r_exponent_assignment2 **= 0.5 is equivalent to r_exponent_assignment2 = r_exponent_assignment2 ** 0.5, result 10.0. +print('Exponent assignment - "Exponent AND assignment operator, Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand.') +print('r_exponent_assignment1 = 10') +print('r_exponent_assignment1 **= 2 ----> Value of r_exponent_assignment1 = ', r_exponent_assignment1) +print('r_exponent_assignment2 = 100') +print('r_exponent_assignment2 **= 0.5 ----> Value of r_exponent_assignment2 = ', r_exponent_assignment2) +#Floor Division assignment - Floor Dividion and assigns a value, Performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand. +#c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a +r_floor_division_assignment1 = 9 +r_floor_division_assignment1 //= 2#r_floor_division_assignment1 //= 2 is equivalent to r_floor_division_assignment1 = r_floor_division_assignment1 // 2, result 4. +r_floor_division_assignment2 = 11 +r_floor_division_assignment2 //= 3#r_floor_division_assignment2 //= 3 is equivalent to r_floor_division_assignment2 = r_floor_division_assignment2 // 3, result 3. +print('Floor Division assignment - Floor Dividion and assigns a value, Performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand.') +print('r_floor_division_assignment1 = 9') +print('r_floor_division_assignment1 //= 2 ----> Value of r_floor_division_assignment1 = ', r_floor_division_assignment1) +print('r_floor_division_assignment2 = 11') +print('r_floor_division_assignment2 //= 3 ----> Value of r_floor_division_assignment2 = ', r_floor_division_assignment2) +#Logical AND operator - If both the operands are true then then condition becomes true. +r_logical_and1 = False and False #(False and False) is not true. +r_logical_and2 = True and False #(True and False) is not true. +r_logical_and3 = False and True #(False and True) is not true. +r_logical_and4 = True and True #(True and True) is true. +print('Logical AND operator - If both the operands are true then then condition becomes true.') +print('False and False = ', r_logical_and1) +print('True and False = ', r_logical_and2) +print('False and True = ', r_logical_and3) +print('True and True = ', r_logical_and4) +#Logical OR Operator - If any of the two operands are non-zero then then condition becomes true. +r_logical_or1 = False or False #(False or False) is not true. +r_logical_or2 = True or False #(True or False) is true. +r_logical_or3 = False or True #(False or True) is true. +r_logical_or4 = True or True #(True or True) is true. +print('Logical OR Operator - If any of the two operands are non-zero then then condition becomes true.') +print('False or False = ', r_logical_or1) +print('True or False = ', r_logical_or2) +print('False or True = ', r_logical_or3) +print('True or True = ', r_logical_or4) +#Logical XOR Operator - If any of the two operands are diferents then then condition becomes true. +r_logical_xor1 = False ^ False #(False ^ False) is not true. +r_logical_xor2 = True ^ False #(True ^ False) is true. +r_logical_xor3 = False ^ True #(False ^ True) is true. +r_logical_xor4 = True ^ True #(True ^ True) is not true. +print('Logical XOR Operator - If any of the two operands are diferents then then condition becomes true.') +print('False ^ False = ', r_logical_xor1) +print('True ^ False = ', r_logical_xor2) +print('False ^ True = ', r_logical_xor3) +print('True ^ True = ', r_logical_xor4) +#Logical NOT Operator - Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator willmake false. +r_logical_not1 = not False #not False is true. +r_logical_not2 = not True #not True is not true. +print('Logical NOT Operator - Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator willmake false.') +print('not False = ', r_logical_not1) +print('not True = ', r_logical_not2) +#Membership operator found - Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. +r_membership_found1 = 1 in [1,2,3,4] # 1 in [1,2,3,4] is true, because 1 is member of list [1,2,3,4]. +r_membership_found2 = 10 in [1,2,3,4] # 10 in [1,2,3,4] is not true, because 10 not is member of list [1,2,3,4]. +print('Membership operator found - Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.') +print('1 in [1,2,3,4] = ', r_membership_found1) +print('10 in [1,2,3,4] = ', r_membership_found2) +#Membership operator not found - Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. +r_membership_notfound1 = 1 not in [1,2,3,4] # 1 not in [1,2,3,4] is not true, because 1 is member of list [1,2,3,4]. +r_membership_notfound2 = 10 not in [1,2,3,4] # 10 not in [1,2,3,4] is true, because 10 not is member of list [1,2,3,4]. +print('Membership operator not found - Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.') +print('1 not in [1,2,3,4] = ', r_membership_notfound1) +print('10 not in [1,2,3,4] = ', r_membership_notfound2) +#Identity operator - is "Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise. +#x is y, here is results in 1 if id(x) equals id(y). +a = [1,3,5,10] +b = a +c = [1,3,5,10] +r_identity1 = a is b # a is b is true because id(a) is equals to id(b). +r_identity2 = a is c # a is b is not true because id(a) is not equals to id(c). +print('Identity operator - is "Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise.') +print('a = [1,3,5,10]') +print('id(a) = ',id(a)) +print('b = a') +print('id(b) = ',id(b)) +print('c = [1,3,5,10]') +print('id(c) = ',id(c)) +print('a is b = ', r_identity1) +print('a is c = ', r_identity2) +#Identity operator inverse - Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise. +#x is not y, here is not results in 1 if id(x) is not equal to id(y). +a = [1,3,5,10] +b = a +c = [1,3,5,10] +r_identity_inv1 = a is not b # a is not b is not true because id(a) is equals to id(b). +r_identity_inv2 = a is not c # a is not b is true because id(a) is not equals to id(c). +print('Identity operator inverse - Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise.') +print('a = [1,3,5,10]') +print('id(a) = ',id(a)) +print('b = a') +print('id(b) = ',id(b)) +print('c = [1,3,5,10]') +print('id(c) = ',id(c)) +print('a is not b = ', r_identity_inv1) +print('a is not c = ', r_identity_inv2) + +#Binary AND Operator - Perform bit a bit (bitwise) and. Copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. +r_binary_and1 = 10 & 20 # (10 & 7) binary representation: (001010 & 010100), will give 0 because is 000000 in binary. +r_binary_and2 = 10 & 7 # (10 & 7) binary representation: (1010 & 0111), will give 2 because is 0010 in binary. +print('Binary AND Operator - Perform bit a bit (bitwise) and. Copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.') +print('10 & 20 = ',r_binary_and1) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' &') +print("\033[4m"+format(20, '08b')+"\033[0m") +print(format(r_binary_and1,'08b')) +print('10 & 7 = ',r_binary_and2) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' &') +print("\033[4m"+format(7, '08b')+"\033[0m") +print(format(r_binary_and2,'08b')) +#Binary OR Operator - Perform bit a bit (bitwise) or. Copies a bit if it exists in eather operand. +r_binary_or1 = 10 | 20 # (10 | 7) binary representation: (001010 | 010100), will give 30 because is 011110 in binary. +r_binary_or2 = 10 | 7 # (10 | 7) binary representation: (1010 | 0111), will give 15 because is 1111 in binary. +print('Binary OR Operator - Perform bit a bit (bitwise) or. Copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.') +print('10 | 20 = ',r_binary_or1) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' |') +print("\033[4m"+format(20, '08b')+"\033[0m") +print(format(r_binary_or1,'08b')) +print('10 & 7 = ',r_binary_or2) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' |') +print("\033[4m"+format(7, '08b')+"\033[0m") +print(format(r_binary_or2,'08b')) +#Binary XOR Operator - Perform bit a bit (bitwise) xor. Copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. +r_binary_xor1 = 10 ^ 20 # (10 ^ 7) binary representation: (001010 ^ 010100), will give 30 because is 011110 in binary. +r_binary_xor2 = 10 ^ 7 # (10 ^ 7) binary representation: (1010 ^ 0111), will give 13 because is 1101 in binary. +print('Binary XOR Operator - Perform bit a bit (bitwise) xor. Copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.') +print('10 ^ 20 = ',r_binary_xor1) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' ^') +print("\033[4m"+format(20, '08b')+"\033[0m") +print(format(r_binary_xor1,'08b')) +print('10 ^ 7 = ',r_binary_xor2) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' ^') +print("\033[4m"+format(7, '08b')+"\033[0m") +print(format(r_binary_xor2,'08b')) +#Binary Ones Complement Operator - Perform not each bit in 8 bits, this result a negative numbre (Two's Complement Representation). +#Is unary and has the efect of 'flipping ' bits. +r_binary_complement1 = ~7 # (~7) binary representation: (~00000111), will give -8 because is 11111000 in binary (Two's Complement Representation). +r_binary_complement2 = ~10 # (~7) binary representation: (~00001010), will give -11 because is 11110101 in binary (Two's Complement Representation). +r_binary_complement3 = ~20 # (~7) binary representation: (~00010100), will give -21 because is 11101011 in binary (Two's Complement Representation). +print('Binary Ones Complement Operator - Perform not each bit in 8 bits, this result a negative numbre (Two\'s Complement Representation).') +print('~7 = ',r_binary_complement1) +print(format(7, '08b'), ' (Standard binary form of 7)') +print(format((1 << 8) + r_binary_complement1,'08b'), ' (Two\'s Complement Representation of -8)') +print(format(r_binary_complement1,'08b'), ' (Standard binary form of -8)') +print('~10 = ',r_binary_complement2) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' (Standard binary form of 10)') +print(format((1 << 8) + r_binary_complement2,'08b'), ' (Two\'s Complement Representation of -11)') +print(format(r_binary_complement2,'08b'), ' (Standard binary form of -11)') +print('~20 = ',r_binary_complement3) +print(format(20, '08b'), ' (Standard binary form of 20)') +print(format((1 << 8) + r_binary_complement3,'08b'), ' (Two\'s Complement Representation of -21)') +print(format(r_binary_complement3,'08b'), ' (Standard binary form of -21)') +#Binary Left Shift Operator - The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. +r_binary_left_shift1 = 7 << 1 # (7) << 1 binary representation: (00000111) << 1, wil give 14 because is 00001110 in binary. +r_binary_left_shift2 = 7 << 2 # (7) << 2 binary representation: (00000111) << 2, wil give 28 because is 00011100 in binary. +r_binary_left_shift3 = 10 << 3 # (7) << 3 binary representation: (00001010) << 3, wil give 80 because is 01010000 in binary. +print('Binary Left Shift Operator - The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.') +print('7 << 1 = ',r_binary_left_shift1) +print(format(7, '08b'), ' << 1') +print(format(r_binary_left_shift1,'08b')) +print('7 << 2 = ',r_binary_left_shift2) +print(format(7, '08b'), ' << 2') +print(format(r_binary_left_shift2,'08b')) +print('10 << 3 = ',r_binary_left_shift3) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' << 3') +print(format(r_binary_left_shift3,'08b')) +#Binary Right Shift Operator - The left operands value is moved rig ht by the number of bits specified by the right operand. +r_binary_right_shift1 = 7 >> 1 # (7) >> 1 binary representation: (00000111) >> 1, wil give 3 because is 00000011 in binary. +r_binary_right_shift2 = 7 >> 2 # (7) >> 2 binary representation: (00000111) >> 2, wil give 1 because is 00000001 in binary. +r_binary_right_shift3 = 10 >> 3 # (7) >> 3 binary representation: (00001010) >> 3, wil give 1 because is 00000001 in binary. +print('Binary Right Shift Operator - The left operands value is moved rig ht by the number of bits specified by the right operand.') +print('7 >> 1 = ',r_binary_right_shift1) +print(format(7, '08b'), ' >> 1') +print(format(r_binary_right_shift1,'08b')) +print('7 >> 2 = ',r_binary_right_shift2) +print(format(7, '08b'), ' >> 2') +print(format(r_binary_right_shift2,'08b')) +print('10 >> 3 = ',r_binary_right_shift3) +print(format(10, '08b'), ' >> 3') +print(format(r_binary_right_shift3,'08b')) + +#The IF statement (single line) - They allow specific line of code to execute only when a given condition evaluates to True. +edad = 17 +print('The IF statement (single line) - They allow specific line of code to execute only when a given condition evaluates to True.') +print('edad = ', edad) +if edad < 18: print('Es menor de edad.') +#The IF statement - They allow specific blocks of code to execute only when a given condition evaluates to True. +edad = 18 +print('The IF statement - They allow specific blocks of code to execute only when a given condition evaluates to True.') +print('edad = ', edad) +if edad >= 18: + print('Es mayor de edad.') + print('Puede Votar.') +#The ELSE statement with IF - Provide an alternative block of code to be executed when none of the preceding conditions are met. +#It acts as a "catch-all" for any scenario not covered by the previous conditions. +edad = 0 +print('The ELSE statement with IF - Provide an alternative block of code to be executed when none of the preceding conditions are met.') +print('edad = ', edad) +if edad >= 18: + print('Es mayor de edad.') + print('Puede Votar.') +else: + print('No es mayor de edad.') +#The ELIF statement - Is used in conjunction with an if statement to check for multiple conditions sequentially. +edad = 5 +print('The ELIF statement - Is used in conjunction with an if statement to check for multiple conditions sequentially.') +print('edad = ', edad) +if edad >= 18: + print('Es mayor de edad.') + print('Puede Votar.') +elif edad >= 0: + print('Es menor de edad.') + print('No puede Votar.') +else: + print('Edad no válida') +#The WHILE loop (single statement suit) - used for repeatedly executing a single statement as long as a specified condition remains true. +count = 1 +print('The WHILE loop (single statement suit) - used for repeatedly executing a single statement as long as a specified condition remains true.') +while count <= 5: print(count); count += 1 +#The WHILE loop - used for repeatedly executing a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true. +count = 2 +print('The WHILE loop - used for repeatedly executing a block of code as long as a specified condition remains true.') +while count <= 10: + print(count) + count += 2 +#The ELSE statement with WHILE - The else block associated with a while loop executes only if the loop terminates normally, meaning the while condition eventually becomes False. +count = 1 +print('The ELSE statement with WHILE - The else block associated with a while loop executes only if the loop terminates normally, meaning the while condition eventually becomes False.') +while count <= 5: + print(count) + count += 1 +else: + print('Loop finished normaly.') +#The BREAK statement with WHILE - The break statement provides a way to exit this loop prematurely, even if the while condition is still True. +count = 1 +print('The BREAK statement with WHILE - The break statement provides a way to exit this loop prematurely, even if the while condition is still True.') +while count <= 5: + print(count) + if count == 4: break + count += 1 +else: + print('This will NOT be printed because of break.') +#The CONTINUE statement with WHILE - used to skip the rest of the code within the current iteration of the loop and immediately proceed to the next iteration. +count = 1 +print('The CONTINUE statement with WHILE - used to skip the rest of the code within the current iteration of the loop and immediately proceed to the next iteration.') +while count <= 5: + count += 1 + if count == 4: continue + print(count) +else: + print('Loop finished normaly.') +#The PASS statement with WHILE - is a null operation; when it is executed, nothing happens. +count = 1 +print('The PASS statement with WHILE - is a null operation; when it is executed, nothing happens.') +while count <= 5: + count += 1 + if count == 4: + pass + else: + print(count) +else: + print('Loop finished normaly.') +#The FOR loop - is a control flow statement used for iterating over a sequence (such as a list, tuple, string, or range) or other iterable objects. +lst_leters = ['a','b','c','d','e'] +print('The FOR loop - is a control flow statement used for iterating over a sequence (such as a list, tuple, string, or range) or other iterable objects.') +for leter in lst_leters: + print(leter) +#The FOR loop (using enumerate()) - simultaneously accessing both the index and the value of each item. +lst_leters = ['a','b','c','d','e'] +print('The FOR loop (using enumerate()) - simultaneously accessing both the index and the value of each item.') +for index, leter in enumerate(lst_leters): + print(index, ' - ', leter) +#Handling an EXCEPTION - is a mechanism to handle the event that disrupts the normal flow of a program's execution. +print('Handling an EXCEPTION - is a mechanism to handle the event that disrupts the normal flow of a program\'s execution.') +try: + result = 10 / 0 + print(result) +except ZeroDivisionError as z: + print(z) +except TypeError as t: + #Handle another specific exception and get its details + print(t) +except Exception as e: + #Catch any other unhandled exceptions + print(e) +else: + print('Operation completed successfully.') +finally: + print('Cleanup operations completed.') +#The EXCEPTION clause with no exceptions - when no specific exception define +print('The EXCEPTION clause with no exceptions - when no specific exception define') +try: + result = 10 / 0 + print(result) +except: + print('An exception occurred') +else: + print('Operation completed successfully.') +finally: + print('Cleanup operations completed.') +#The EXCEPTION clause with multiple exceptions - when multiple exceptions are defined +print('The EXCEPTION clause with multiple exceptions - when multiple exceptions are defined') +try: + result1 = 10 / 10 + result2 = 10 + '10' + print(result1, ' - ', result2) +except ZeroDivisionError as z: + print(z) +except TypeError as t: + print(t) +else: + print('Operation completed successfully.') +finally: + print('Cleanup operations completed.') +#Raising an EXCEPTIONS - allows you to explicitly signal that an error or an unexpected condition has occurred during program execution. +def process_number(number): + if not isinstance(number, (int, float)): + raise TypeError("Input must be a number.") + if number < 0: + raise ValueError("Number cannot be negative.") + return number * 2 +print('Raising an EXCEPTIONS - allows you to explicitly signal that an error or an unexpected condition has occurred during program execution.') +try: + result = process_number('5') + print(result) +except ValueError as e: + print(f"Error: {e}") +except TypeError as e: + print(f"Error: {e}") +#user-defined EXCEPTIONS +class Networkerror(RuntimeError): + def __init__(self, arg): + self.args = arg +print('user-defined EXCEPTIONS') +try: + raise Networkerror('Bad hostname') +except Networkerror as n: + print(n.args) \ No newline at end of file