main.go

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"loadbalancer/lib"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httputil"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"syscall"
	"time"
)

type RetryType int
type AttemptsType int

const (
	Attempts AttemptsType = iota
	Retry
)

var serverPool lib.ServerPool

// this function creates a log file if it does not already exist
func InitLogger() (*os.File, error) {
	logFile, err := os.OpenFile("loadbalancer.log", os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0666)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	log.SetOutput(logFile)
	log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags | log.Lshortfile)
	return logFile, nil
}

// this function logs details about incoming requests
func LogRequest(r *http.Request) {
	clientIp := r.RemoteAddr
	method := r.Method
	url := r.URL.String()
	log.Printf("Received request from %s : %s, %s ", clientIp, method, url)
}

// this function logs which backend is selected
func LogBackendSelection(backendURL string) {
	log.Printf("Routing request to backend: %s", backendURL)
}

// this function measures the time taken to process a request
func TrackresponseTime(start time.Time, backendURL string) {
	duration := time.Since(start)
	log.Printf("Request to backend %s took %v", backendURL, duration)
}

// this functions returns the retry count from the context
func GetRetryFromContext(r *http.Request) int {
	if retry, ok := r.Context().Value(Retry).(int); ok {
		return retry
	}
	return 0
}

// this function returns the attempts from the context
func GetAttemptsFromContext(r *http.Request) int {
	if attempts, ok := r.Context().Value(Attempts).(int); ok {
		return attempts
	}
	return 1
}

func lb(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	//log the request
	LogRequest(r)

	peer := serverPool.GetNextPeer()
	attempts := GetAttemptsFromContext(r)
	if attempts > 3 {
		http.Error(w, "Service not available, max attempts reached", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
		return
	}
	if peer != nil {
		LogBackendSelection(peer.URL.String())
		startTime := time.Now()
		peer.ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
		// Log response time
		TrackresponseTime(startTime, peer.URL.String())
		peer.Mux.Lock()
		if peer.Weight > 0 {
			peer.Weight--
		}
		peer.Mux.Unlock()
		return
	}
	http.Error(w, "Service not available", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
}

func main() {

	//Initialize logger
	logfile, err := InitLogger()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Error initializing logger: %v", err)
	}

	defer logfile.Close()

	// get file name from argument
	arg := os.Args
	if len(arg) != 2 {
		log.Fatal("usage go run main.go <config-file>'")
	}

	// declare slice for backend server
	backendservers := []string{}

	// read the config file and get the host and url.
	var config lib.Config
	config, err = lib.ReadConfig(arg[1])
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	for _, node := range config.BackendConfig {
		backendservers = append(backendservers, node.Url)
	}

	if len(backendservers) == 0 {
		log.Println("No backend servers found")
		return
	}
	for _, backend := range backendservers {
		log.Println("Load balancing to the backend server: ", backend)
		be, err := url.Parse(backend)
		log.Println(be)
		if err != nil {
			log.Println("Error parsing URL")
		}
		proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(be)
		proxy.Director = func(r *http.Request) {
			if r.Body != nil {
				bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
				r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(bodyBytes))
			}
			r.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Your-User-Agent")
			r.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
			r.Header.Set("X-Custom-Header", "CustomValue")
			r.URL.Scheme = be.Scheme
			r.URL.Host = be.Host
			r.Host = be.Host
		}

		proxy.ErrorHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, e error) {
			log.Printf("[%s] Request Canceled: %v\n", be.Host, r.Context().Err() == context.Canceled)
			log.Printf("[%s] %s\n", be.Host, e.Error())

			retries := GetRetryFromContext(r)
			log.Println("This is the retry count", retries, "of the server")

			if retries < 3 {
				time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
				ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), Retry, retries+1)
				log.Println("check")

				proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
				return
			}
			ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), Retry, 0)
			log.Printf("[%s] Marking server as down\n", be.Host)
			serverPool.MarkDownTheServer(be, false)

			lb(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
		}

		serverPool.Backends = append(serverPool.Backends, &lib.ServerNode{
			URL:          be,
			Alive:        true,
			ReverseProxy: proxy,
		})
	}

	// creating routers for frontend and loadbalancer
	mux := http.NewServeMux()

	http.Handle("/static/", http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("./static"))))

	//for laodbalancer
	mux.HandleFunc("/", lb)

	//for frontend
	mux.HandleFunc("/info-loaddistrix", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		http.ServeFile(w, r, "templates/index.html")
	})

	mux.HandleFunc("/status-loadDistrix", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

		// Generate HTML dynamically
		for _, server := range serverPool.Backends {
			w.Write([]byte(`
				<tr>
					<td>` + server.URL.Host + `</td>
					<td>` + "Server Status" + fmt.Sprint(server.Alive) + `</td>
					<td class="` + "Server Load" + `">` + fmt.Sprint(server.Weight) + `</td>
				</tr>`))
		}
	})

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         ":8000",
		WriteTimeout: 15 * time.Second,
		ReadTimeout:  15 * time.Second,
		IdleTimeout:  60 * time.Second,
		Handler:      mux,
	}

	// Channel to listen for interrupt or termination signals
	shutdown := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(shutdown, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)

	// Start the server in a goroutine
	go func() {
		log.Println("Server is starting on port 8000")
		if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
			log.Fatalf("Server failed: %v", err)
		}
	}()

	// Wait for termination signal
	<-shutdown

	// Graceful shutdown with timeout
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	log.Println("Shutting down gracefully...")
	if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Server forced to shutdown: %v", err)
	}

	log.Println("Server exited properly")
}