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Functions in Python

What is a Function?

A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions only run when they are called. They help reduce code duplication and complexity.

Key Points:

  • Functions can accept data as parameters.
  • Functions can return results.
  • Functions reduce the need for duplicate code.

Syntax of a Function:

def function_name(parameters):
    # Block of statements

Examples of Functions

1. Function with Parameters:

def calc_sum(a, b):  # a, b are parameters
    sum = a + b
    print("Sum of two numbers is:", sum)

# Function call with arguments
calc_sum(10, 20)

2. Function Without Parameters:

def print_hello():
    print("Hello World")

print_hello()

3. Average of Three Numbers:

def average(a, b, c):
    avg = (a + b + c) / 3
    print(avg)

average(1, 2, 3)

Types of Functions

1. Built-in Functions:

  • Examples: print(), input(), len(), sum(), max(), min()

2. User-Defined Functions:

Functions created by users to perform specific tasks.

Function with Return Statement:

def calc_sum(a, b):
    sum = a + b
    return sum

result = calc_sum(10, 20)
print(result)

Default Parameters:

def cal_prod(a, b=1):
    print(a * b)  # Multiplication of two numbers
    return a * b

cal_prod(5)

Practice Problems:

1. Function to Print the Length of a List:

cities = ["dhaka", "mumbai", "delhi", "kolkata"]

def print_length(lst):
    print(len(lst))

print_length(cities)

2. Function to Print Elements of a List in a Single Line:

cities = ["dhaka", "mumbai", "delhi", "kolkata"]

def print_elements(lst):
    for i in lst:
        print(i, end=" ")

print_elements(cities)

3. Function to Find the Factorial of a Number:

def factorial(n):
    fact = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        fact *= i
    print(fact)

factorial(5)

4. Function to Convert USD to BDT:

def converter(usd):
    bdt = 121.75 * usd
    print(bdt)

converter(100)

5. Function to Check if a Number is Odd or Even:

def check_num(n):
    if n % 2 == 0:
        return "even"
    else:
        return "odd"

print(check_num(5))
print(check_num(6))