diff --git a/accelerated-model-architectures b/accelerated-model-architectures
index e99632015..7f09c3228 160000
--- a/accelerated-model-architectures
+++ b/accelerated-model-architectures
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit e996320150a371c2afcb4d1ad405ce0b0eb811fa
+Subproject commit 7f09c32284b5e2365975716e72e6d0a2ca60222e
diff --git a/lm_engine/data/utils.py b/lm_engine/data/utils.py
index 8ba4f4925..b2ecce8c0 100644
--- a/lm_engine/data/utils.py
+++ b/lm_engine/data/utils.py
@@ -141,4 +141,9 @@ def get_next_batch(x: Iterable | None) -> dict:
     if x is None:
         return None
 
-    return next(x)
+    batch = next(x)
+
+    if Accelerator.get_accelerator() == Accelerator.trainium:
+        batch = {k: v.to(torch.int32) if v.dtype in [torch.int32, torch.int64] else v for k, v in batch.items()}
+
+    return batch
diff --git a/lm_engine/distributed.py b/lm_engine/distributed.py
index d753840ff..1b8f37f0a 100644
--- a/lm_engine/distributed.py
+++ b/lm_engine/distributed.py
@@ -153,11 +153,22 @@ def wrap_model_container_for_distributed_training(
     if torch_compile:
         log_rank_0(logging.INFO, "using torch compile")
 
+    device = Accelerator.get_current_device()
+
     if fsdp_algorithm is None:
         for i, model in enumerate(model_container):
-            model = model.to(Accelerator.get_current_device())
+            if efficient_initialization:
+                model = model.to_empty(device=device)
+
+                for module in model.modules():
+                    if hasattr(module, "reset_parameters"):
+                        with torch.device(device):
+                            module.reset_parameters()
+            else:
+                model = model.to(device)
+
             if torch_compile:
-                model = torch.compile(model)
+                model = torch.compile(model, backend=Accelerator.get_torch_compile_backend())
 
             model_container[i] = model
 
@@ -303,8 +314,6 @@ def _sharding_function(parameter: nn.Parameter) -> Shard:
                 )
 
                 if efficient_initialization:
-                    device = Accelerator.get_current_device()
-
                     # contributed by Yu Chin Fabian Lim
                     # original reference https://github.com/fabianlim/accelerate/pull/1
                     if model_name is None:
@@ -359,7 +368,7 @@ def _sharding_function(parameter: nn.Parameter) -> Shard:
                     cpu_offload=CPUOffload(offload_params=True) if cpu_offload else None,
                     mixed_precision=mixed_precision_policy,
                     auto_wrap_policy=partial(transformer_auto_wrap_policy, transformer_layer_cls=block_classes),
-                    device_id=Accelerator.get_current_device(),
+                    device_id=device,
                     limit_all_gathers=True,
                     use_orig_params=True,
                     # https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-recipes/blob/492455dc080f6c25f356e283e443be0cce86aaeb/src/llama_recipes/finetuning.py#L191
@@ -372,7 +381,7 @@ def _sharding_function(parameter: nn.Parameter) -> Shard:
 
     if torch_compile:
         for i, model in enumerate(model_container):
-            model_container[i] = torch.compile(model)
+            model_container[i] = torch.compile(model, backend=Accelerator.get_torch_compile_backend())
 
     set_parameter_marker_maps(
         model_container,
@@ -425,7 +434,7 @@ def _sharding_function(parameter: nn.Parameter) -> Shard:
                 model,
                 stage_index=model.pipeline_stage_id,
                 num_stages=num_pipeline_stages,
-                device=Accelerator.get_current_device(),
+                device=device,
                 input_args=dummy_input_tensor,
                 output_args=dummy_output_tensor,
                 group=ProcessGroupManager.get_pipeline_parallel_group(),
diff --git a/lm_engine/finetune.py b/lm_engine/finetune.py
index a266fd66b..9a9827526 100644
--- a/lm_engine/finetune.py
+++ b/lm_engine/finetune.py
@@ -157,7 +157,12 @@ def evaluate(
         else:
             num_steps = 0
 
-        num_steps = torch.tensor(num_steps, device=Accelerator.get_current_device(), dtype=torch.long)
+        num_steps = torch.tensor(
+            num_steps,
+            device=Accelerator.get_current_device(),
+            dtype=torch.int32 if Accelerator.get_accelerator() == Accelerator.trainium else torch.long,
+        )
+
         torch.distributed.all_reduce(num_steps, group=ProcessGroupManager.get_tensor_parallel_group())
         num_steps = num_steps.item()
     else:
diff --git a/lm_engine/hf_models/mixins/dense/base.py b/lm_engine/hf_models/mixins/dense/base.py
index 6ca436d19..17606face 100644
--- a/lm_engine/hf_models/mixins/dense/base.py
+++ b/lm_engine/hf_models/mixins/dense/base.py
@@ -158,6 +158,9 @@ def _init_model(self, config: CommonConfig, **kwargs) -> None:
             )
 
         self.position_embedding_type = config.position_embedding_type
+        self.use_rope = self.position_embedding_type == "rope"
+        self.use_learned_absolute = self.position_embedding_type == "learned_absolute"
+
         self._setup_positional_encoding()
 
     def forward(
@@ -206,10 +209,18 @@ def forward(
                 )
                 query_length = key_length - past_length
 
-            position_ids = torch.arange(past_length, key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=hidden_states.device)
+            position_ids = torch.arange(
+                past_length,
+                key_length,
+                dtype=torch.int32 if Accelerator.get_accelerator() == Accelerator.trainium else torch.long,
+                device=hidden_states.device,
+            )
+
             position_ids = position_ids.unsqueeze(0).view(-1, query_length)
 
-            rope_cos_sin = self._get_rope_cos_sin(key_length, position_ids, dtype=hidden_states.dtype)
+            rope_cos_sin = (
+                self._get_rope_cos_sin(key_length, position_ids, dtype=hidden_states.dtype) if self.use_rope else None
+            )
 
         if is_generation_cache_enabled() and use_cache and cache_params is None:
             cache_params = GenerationCache()
@@ -246,12 +257,24 @@ def _get_position_ids(
     ) -> torch.Tensor:
         if attention_mask is not None and len(attention_mask.shape) == 2:
             # create position_ids on the fly for batch generation
-            position_ids = attention_mask.long().cumsum(-1) - 1
+            position_ids = (
+                attention_mask.to(
+                    torch.int32 if Accelerator.get_accelerator() == Accelerator.trainium else torch.int64
+                ).cumsum(-1)
+                - 1
+            )
+
             position_ids.masked_fill_(attention_mask == 0, 0)
             if past_length > 0:
                 position_ids = position_ids[:, past_length:key_length:]
         else:
-            position_ids = torch.arange(past_length, key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
+            position_ids = torch.arange(
+                past_length,
+                key_length,
+                dtype=torch.int32 if Accelerator.get_accelerator() == Accelerator.trainium else torch.int64,
+                device=device,
+            )
+
             position_ids = position_ids.unsqueeze(0).view(-1, query_length)
 
         return position_ids
@@ -259,11 +282,10 @@ def _get_position_ids(
     def _get_rope_cos_sin(
         self, key_length: int, position_ids: torch.Tensor, dtype: torch.dtype
     ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
-        if self.position_embedding_type == "rope":
-            cos, sin = self.rope(key_length, dtype=dtype)
-            cos = cos[position_ids]
-            sin = sin[position_ids]
-            return cos, sin
+        cos, sin = self.rope(key_length, dtype=dtype)
+        cos = cos[position_ids]
+        sin = sin[position_ids]
+        return cos, sin
 
     def _prepare_causal_attention_mask(
         self,
@@ -306,19 +328,6 @@ def _prepare_causal_attention_mask(
 
         return causal_mask
 
-    def _get_initial_hidden_state(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor, position_ids: torch.Tensor | None) -> torch.Tensor:
-        hidden_state = self.wte(input_ids)
-
-        if self.position_embedding_type == "learned_absolute":
-            hidden_state = hidden_state + self.wpe(position_ids)
-
-        hidden_state = self.embedding_dropout(hidden_state)
-
-        if self.m_emb is not None:
-            hidden_state = hidden_state * self.m_emb
-
-        return hidden_state
-
     def _prepare_a_bunch_of_stuff(
         self,
         input_ids: torch.Tensor | None = None,
@@ -358,14 +367,25 @@ def _prepare_a_bunch_of_stuff(
             query_length = input_shape[-1]
             key_length = past_length + query_length
 
-        if position_ids is None:
-            position_ids = self._get_position_ids(
-                attention_mask, past_length, query_length, key_length, input_ids.device
-            )
+        hidden_states = self.wte(input_ids)
 
-        hidden_states = self._get_initial_hidden_state(input_ids, position_ids)
+        if self.use_rope or self.use_learned_absolute:
+            if position_ids is None:
+                position_ids = self._get_position_ids(
+                    attention_mask, past_length, query_length, key_length, input_ids.device
+                )
 
-        rope_cos_sin = self._get_rope_cos_sin(key_length, position_ids, dtype=hidden_states.dtype)
+        if self.use_learned_absolute:
+            hidden_states = hidden_states + self.wpe(position_ids)
+
+        hidden_states = self.embedding_dropout(hidden_states)
+
+        if self.m_emb is not None:
+            hidden_states = hidden_states * self.m_emb
+
+        rope_cos_sin = (
+            self._get_rope_cos_sin(key_length, position_ids, dtype=hidden_states.dtype) if self.use_rope else None
+        )
 
         attention_mask = self._get_maybe_causal_mask(
             attention_mask, batch_size, query_length, key_length, hidden_states.dtype, input_ids.device
diff --git a/lm_engine/pretrain.py b/lm_engine/pretrain.py
index 65f499b18..4136f5c56 100644
--- a/lm_engine/pretrain.py
+++ b/lm_engine/pretrain.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     log_rank_0,
     set_seed,
     setup_tf32,
+    string_to_torch_dtype,
 )
 
 
@@ -692,7 +693,17 @@ def main(args_class: type[DistillationArgs | TrainingArgs] = TrainingArgs) -> No
     experiments_tracker.log_args(args, **model_container[0].calculate_num_parameters(return_dict=True))
 
     # main training loop
-    with disable_generation_cache(), enable_kernels(args.kernel_args.kernels):
+    with (
+        disable_generation_cache(),
+        enable_kernels(args.kernel_args.kernels),
+        (
+            torch.autocast(
+                device_type=Accelerator.get_device_type(), dtype=string_to_torch_dtype(args.mixed_precision_args.dtype)
+            )
+            if args.distributed_args.fsdp_algorithm is None
+            else nullcontext
+        ),
+    ):
         train(
             args,
             model_container=model_container,
diff --git a/lm_engine/utils/accelerator.py b/lm_engine/utils/accelerator.py
index f0030ae1e..c7830954a 100644
--- a/lm_engine/utils/accelerator.py
+++ b/lm_engine/utils/accelerator.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 import torch
+from torch.profiler import ProfilerActivity
 
 from .packages import is_torch_neuronx_available, is_torch_xla_available
 
@@ -127,3 +128,21 @@ def set_rng_state(state: Any) -> Any:
             raise ValueError(f"unexpected device ({accelerator})")
 
         return state
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_profiler_activity() -> ProfilerActivity:
+        accelerator = Accelerator.get_accelerator()
+
+        if accelerator == Accelerator.trainium:
+            return ProfilerActivity.PrivateUse1
+
+        return ProfilerActivity.CUDA
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_torch_compile_backend() -> str:
+        accelerator = Accelerator.get_accelerator()
+
+        if accelerator == Accelerator.trainium:
+            return "neuron"
+
+        return "inductor"
diff --git a/lm_engine/utils/profiler.py b/lm_engine/utils/profiler.py
index daf20200c..f9fd73c7f 100644
--- a/lm_engine/utils/profiler.py
+++ b/lm_engine/utils/profiler.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import torch
 
 from .accelerator import Accelerator
-from .packages import is_torch_xla_available
+from .packages import is_torch_neuronx_available, is_torch_xla_available
 from .parallel import ProcessGroupManager
 
 
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
     from torch_xla.debug.profiler import stop_trace as xla_stop_trace
 
 
+if is_torch_neuronx_available():
+    from torch_neuronx.profiling import NeuronConfig, NeuronProfiler, ProfileMode
+
+
 class TorchProfiler:
     def __init__(self, path: str | None, wait: int = 5, active: int = 1, warmup: int = 5) -> TorchProfiler:
         self.path = path
@@ -30,17 +34,33 @@ def __init__(self, path: str | None, wait: int = 5, active: int = 1, warmup: int
         self.accelerator = Accelerator.get_accelerator()
         self._step = 0
 
+        experimental_config = None
+        if self.accelerator == Accelerator.trainium:
+            experimental_config = NeuronConfig(
+                modes=[ProfileMode.DEVICE, ProfileMode.RUNTIME],
+                max_events_per_nc=100000,
+                profile_output_dir=path,
+                capture_enabled_for_nc="0",
+            )
+
+            exporter = NeuronProfiler(experimental_config)
+
         self._profiler = None
         if self.accelerator != Accelerator.tpu:
             self._profiler = torch.profiler.profile(
-                activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU, torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA],
+                activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CPU, Accelerator.get_profiler_activity()],
                 schedule=torch.profiler.schedule(
                     wait=wait if ProcessGroupManager.get_global_rank() == 0 else 150000,
                     warmup=warmup,
                     active=active,
                     repeat=1,
                 ),
-                on_trace_ready=torch.profiler.tensorboard_trace_handler(path),
+                experimental_config=experimental_config,
+                on_trace_ready=(
+                    exporter.export_trace
+                    if self.accelerator == Accelerator.trainium
+                    else torch.profiler.tensorboard_trace_handler(path)
+                ),
                 record_shapes=True,
                 profile_memory=True,
             )
diff --git a/scripts/aws-trainium/explorer-local.sh b/scripts/aws-trainium/explorer-local.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a527d5992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/aws-trainium/explorer-local.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ssh -i ~/Desktop/mayank-melbourne.pem -L 8001:localhost:3001 -L 8002:localhost:3002 trainium-melbourne -fN
diff --git a/scripts/aws-trainium/explorer-remote.sh b/scripts/aws-trainium/explorer-remote.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ce4c37c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/aws-trainium/explorer-remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+neuron-explorer view -v 2 --data-path ./parquet_files
diff --git a/scripts/aws-trainium/pretrain.sh b/scripts/aws-trainium/pretrain.sh
index 6a90f4259..0f81fad6c 100644
--- a/scripts/aws-trainium/pretrain.sh
+++ b/scripts/aws-trainium/pretrain.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM=false \
 torchrun --nnodes=1 \
     --node_rank=0 \
-    --nproc_per_node=2 \
+    --nproc_per_node=4 \
     --rdzv_id=101 \
     -m lm_engine.pretrain \
     --config ${1}