diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-linting.yml b/.github/workflows/python-linting.yml
index d03c56a..c90caf2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/python-linting.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python-linting.yml
@@ -7,18 +7,22 @@ on:
 jobs:
   build:
     name: Python Linting
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Install Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@8d9ed9ac5c53483de85588cdf95a591a75ab9f55
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.13'
 
     - name: Install Python Deps
-      run: |
-        python3 -m venv .venv
-        source .venv/bin/activate
-        python -m pip install flake8
+      run: source ci/python.sh && qa_prepare_all
 
     - name: Lint MicroPython Examples
       shell: bash
-      run: |
-        source .venv/bin/activate
-        python -m flake8 --show-source --ignore E501 examples/
\ No newline at end of file
+      run: source ci/python.sh && qa_examples_check
+
+    - name: Lint MicroPython Modules
+      shell: bash
+      run: source ci/python.sh && qa_modules_check
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 449b393..ecb215e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,4 +20,10 @@ You can find the latest release at [https://github.com/pimoroni/unicorn/releases
 
 * [Stellar 16x16 (Pico W)](https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/space-unicorns?variant=40842632953939)
 * [Galactic 53x11 (Pico W)](https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/space-unicorns?variant=40842033561683)
-* [Cosmic 32x32 (Pico W)](https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/space-unicorns?variant=40842626596947)
\ No newline at end of file
+* [Cosmic 32x32 (Pico W)](https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/space-unicorns?variant=40842626596947)
+
+## Other Resources
+
+* [(C++) Galactic Unicorn Scrolling Quote Demo](https://github.com/ahnlak-rp2040/gu-scrolling-quote)
+* [(C++) Multiple Unicorns as a single display](https://github.com/gadgetoid/gu-multiverse)
+* [(C++) Galactic Unicorn Bluetooth Audio Visualizer](https://github.com/Gadgetoid/galactic-bluetooth-audio)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/boards/usermod-common.cmake b/boards/usermod-common.cmake
index dfcb3bd..728b34e 100644
--- a/boards/usermod-common.cmake
+++ b/boards/usermod-common.cmake
@@ -30,7 +30,36 @@ include(jpegdec/micropython)
 include(qrcode/micropython/micropython)
 
 # Sensors & Breakouts
-include(micropython-common-breakouts)
+
+# Include in Pico 2 W only, these make the build too big for Pico W :(
+# Do you really need to connect a matrix to your matrix!?
+if(PICO_BOARD EQUAL "pico2_w")
+include(breakout_dotmatrix/micropython)
+include(breakout_rgbmatrix5x5/micropython)
+include(breakout_matrix11x7/micropython)
+endif()
+
+include(breakout_encoder/micropython)
+include(breakout_encoder_wheel/micropython)
+include(breakout_ioexpander/micropython)
+include(breakout_ltr559/micropython)
+include(breakout_as7262/micropython)
+include(breakout_as7343/micropython)
+include(breakout_msa301/micropython)
+include(breakout_pmw3901/micropython)
+include(breakout_mics6814/micropython)
+include(breakout_potentiometer/micropython)
+include(breakout_rtc/micropython)
+include(breakout_trackball/micropython)
+include(breakout_sgp30/micropython)
+include(breakout_bh1745/micropython)
+include(breakout_bme69x/micropython)
+include(breakout_bme68x/micropython)
+include(breakout_bme280/micropython)
+include(breakout_bmp280/micropython)
+include(breakout_icp10125/micropython)
+include(breakout_scd41/micropython)
+include(breakout_vl53l5cx/micropython)
 
 # Utility
 include(adcfft/micropython)
diff --git a/ci/micropython.sh b/ci/micropython.sh
index 46da9c6..3648925 100644
--- a/ci/micropython.sh
+++ b/ci/micropython.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export TERM=${TERM:="xterm-256color"}
 
 MICROPYTHON_FLAVOUR="micropython"
-MICROPYTHON_VERSION="master"
+MICROPYTHON_VERSION="v1.25.0"
 
 PIMORONI_PICO_FLAVOUR="pimoroni"
 PIMORONI_PICO_VERSION="feature/picovector2-and-layers"
diff --git a/ci/python.sh b/ci/python.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d2c41e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/python.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Include:
+# F = Pyflakes
+# Q = Quotes
+# E/W = pycodestyle (Whitespace, Line lengths etc)
+# B - flake8-bugbear = Unused loop variables, sloppy code
+# COM - flake8-commas
+# BLE - flake8-blind-except
+# C4  - flake8-comprehensions
+# ISC - flake8-implicit-str-concat = Implicit string concat, eg: `"hello" "world"` on one line
+# ICN - flake8-import-conventions = Import conventions
+# PIE - flake8-pie = Misc silliness, catches range with a 0 start argument
+# RET - flake8-return = Enforces straight-forward code around return statements
+# SLF - flake8-self
+# ARG - flake8-unused-arguments
+
+# Ignore:
+# E501 - "line too long". How narrow is your screen!?
+# E402 - "module level import not at top of file". Needs must!
+# COM812 - "Add trailing comma". These are a little obnoxious and weird.
+# ICN001 - "numpy should be imported as np". No. No it should not.
+
+QA_INCLUDE="F,Q,W,E,B,COM,BLE,C4,ISC,ICN,PIE,RSE,RET,SLF,ARG"
+QA_IGNORE="E501,E402,COM812,ICN001"
+QA_EXCLUDE=""
+
+function qa_prepare_all {
+    pip install ruff
+}
+
+function qa_check {
+    ruff check --select "$QA_INCLUDE" --ignore "$QA_IGNORE" --exclude "$QA_EXCLUDE" "$1"
+}
+
+function qa_fix {
+    ruff check --select "$QA_INCLUDE" --ignore "$QA_IGNORE" --exclude "$QA_EXCLUDE" --fix "$1"
+}
+
+function qa_examples_check {
+    qa_check examples
+}
+
+function qa_examples_fix {
+    qa_fix examples
+}
+
+function qa_modules_check {
+    qa_check modules
+}
+
+function qa_modules_fix {
+    qa_fix modules
+}
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/audio.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/audio.py
index 10ce585..4297e8d 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/audio.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/audio.py
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ def __stop_i2s(self):
         if self.__audio_out is not None:
             self.__audio_out.deinit()   # Deinit any active I2S comms
 
-        self.__state == WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
+        self.__state = WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
 
-    def __i2s_callback(self, arg):
+    def __i2s_callback(self, arg):  # noqa ARG002
         # PLAY
         if self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY:
             if self.__mode == WavPlayer.MODE_WAV:
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
index 2828ae0..e94f40f 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
@@ -74,8 +74,7 @@ def reset(self):
         self.timer.deinit()
         self.timer_running = False
 
-    def countdown(self, arg):
-
+    def countdown(self, _arg):
         if self.total_seconds == 0:
             audio.play_wav("doorbell.wav", False)
             self.reset()
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
index eea8336..5521da7 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-URL = 'http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/2/last.json'
+URL = "http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/2/last.json"
 
 UPDATE_INTERVAL = 113  # refresh interval in secs. Be nice to free APIs!
 # this esoteric number is used so that a column of LEDs equates (approximately) to an hour
@@ -24,28 +24,28 @@
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
 def hex_to_rgb(hex):
     # converts a hex colour code into RGB
-    h = hex.lstrip('#')
+    h = hex.lstrip("#")
     r, g, b = (int(h[i:i + 2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
     return r, g, b
 
 
-def get_data():
+def get_data(_t=None):
     # open the json file
-    print(f'Requesting URL: {URL}')
+    print(f"Requesting URL: {URL}")
     r = urequests.get(URL)
     # open the json data
     j = r.json()
-    print('Data obtained!')
+    print("Data obtained!")
     r.close()
 
     # flash the onboard LED after getting data
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ def get_data():
     pico_led.value(False)
 
     # extract hex colour from the json data
-    hex = j['field2']
+    hex = j["field2"]
 
     # add the new hex colour to the end of the array
     colour_array.append(hex)
-    print(f'Colour added to array: {hex}')
+    print(f"Colour added to array: {hex}")
     # remove the oldest colour in the array
     colour_array.pop(0)
     update_leds()
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def update_leds():
 cu.set_brightness(0.5)
 
 # set up the Pico W's onboard LED
-pico_led = Pin('LED', Pin.OUT)
+pico_led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
 
 current_colour = graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0)
 
@@ -101,15 +101,15 @@ def update_leds():
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 # get the first lot of data
 get_data()
 
 # start timer (the timer will call the function to update our data every UPDATE_INTERVAL)
 timer = Timer(-1)
-timer.init(period=UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t: get_data())
+timer.init(period=UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=get_data)
 
 while True:
     # adjust brightness with LUX + and -
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/clock.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/clock.py
index f514042..36117af 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/clock.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/clock.py
@@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 # function for drawing a gradient background
 def gradient_background(start_hue, start_sat, start_val, end_hue, end_sat, end_val):
     half_width = width // 2
-    for x in range(0, half_width):
+    for x in range(half_width):
         hue = ((end_hue - start_hue) * (x / half_width)) + start_hue
         sat = ((end_sat - start_sat) * (x / half_width)) + start_sat
         val = ((end_val - start_val) * (x / half_width)) + start_val
         colour = from_hsv(hue, sat, val)
         graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int(colour[0]), int(colour[1]), int(colour[2])))
-        for y in range(0, height):
+        for y in range(height):
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
             graphics.pixel(width - x - 1, y)
 
     colour = from_hsv(end_hue, end_sat, end_val)
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int(colour[0]), int(colour[1]), int(colour[2])))
-    for y in range(0, height):
+    for y in range(height):
         graphics.pixel(half_width, y)
 
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def sync_time():
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(0.2)
 
         redraw_display_if_reqd()
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cosmic_paint/cosmic_paint.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cosmic_paint/cosmic_paint.py
index 30a17f9..745b4c9 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cosmic_paint/cosmic_paint.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/cosmic_paint/cosmic_paint.py
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 
 
 @server.route("/", methods=["GET"])
-def route_index(request):
+def route_index(_request):
     return send_file("cosmic_paint/index.html")
 
 
 @server.route("/static/<path:path>", methods=["GET"])
-def route_static(request, path):
+def route_static(_request, path):
     return send_file(f"cosmic_paint/static/{path}")
 
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def get_pixel(x, y):
     return None
 
 
-def flood_fill(x, y, r, g, b):
+def flood_fill(x, y):
     todo = []
 
     def fill(x, y, c):
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ def fill(x, y, c):
         fill(x, y, c)
 
 
-@server.route('/paint')
+@server.route("/paint")
 @websocket.with_websocket
-async def echo(request, ws):
+async def echo(_request, ws):
     while True:
         data = await ws.receive()
         try:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def echo(request, ws):
                 data = await ws.receive()
                 x, y, r, g, b = [int(n) for n in data[0:5]]
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
-                flood_fill(x, y, r, g, b)
+                flood_fill(x, y)
 
             if data == "clear":
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0))
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
index 725980e..4da519a 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Random LEDs blink on and off mimicing the look of a movie
 super computer doing its work in the eighties.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 cu = CosmicUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py
index 6b910a4..071dd81 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 import gc
 
-URL = 'https://api.coinbase.com/v2/exchange-rates?currency={0}'
+URL = "https://api.coinbase.com/v2/exchange-rates?currency={0}"
 
 currencies = {"Bitcoin": "BTC", "Ethereun": "ETH", "Pound": "GBP", "Dollar": "USD", "Dogecoin": "DOGE"}
 currency_keys = list(currencies.keys())
@@ -41,19 +41,19 @@
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 
 def get_data(currency_selected):
@@ -66,25 +66,23 @@ def get_data(currency_selected):
     cu.update(graphics)
     gc.collect()
     # open the json file
-    print('Requesting URL:')
+    print("Requesting URL:")
     print(URL.format(currencies[currency_selected]))
     r = urequests.get(URL.format(currencies[currency_selected]))
     gc.collect()
     # open the json data
     data_obj = r.json()
-    print('Data obtained!')
+    print("Data obtained!")
     r.close()
     return data_obj
 
 
 def calculate_xpos(length, cycle):
     cycle_phase = math.cos(math.pi * cycle / (cycles_per_sequence / 2))
-    pos_x = int((-(length / 2) * 10) - (length / 2) * 10 * cycle_phase)
-    return pos_x
+    return int((-(length / 2) * 10) - (length / 2) * 10 * cycle_phase)
 
 
 def update_display(cycle):
-
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(20, 20, 20))
     graphics.clear()
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(100, 0, 0))
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ def update_base_currency(index):
     fetched_data = 0
     global rates, rate_keys, currency_symbol, currency_rate, ref_currency_name
     fetched_data = get_data(currency_keys[index])
-    rates = fetched_data['data']['rates']
+    rates = fetched_data["data"]["rates"]
     rate_keys = list(rates.keys())
     currency_symbol = rate_keys[index]
     currency_rate = str(rates[rate_keys[index]])
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test.py
index 3ba5d0a..dd89168 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Displays some text, gradients and colours and demonstrates button use.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 cu = CosmicUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@
 
 
 def gradient(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int((r * x) / 32), int((g * x) / 32), int((b * x) / 32)))
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
 
 
 def grid(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             if (x + y) % 2 == 0:
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
             else:
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
index 70fb2c1..d534144 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn, Channel
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Displays some text, gradients and colours and demonstrates button use.
 Also demonstrates some of the audio / synth features.
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 - Button C plays a sinewave (it's frequency can be adjusted with VOL + and -)
 - Button D plays a second sinewave (it's frequency can be adjusted with LUX + and -)
 - Sleep button stops the sounds
-'''
+"""
 
 gc.collect()
 
@@ -96,15 +96,15 @@
 
 
 def gradient(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int((r * x) / 52), int((g * x) / 52), int((b * x) / 52)))
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
 
 
 def grid(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             if (x + y) % 2 == 0:
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
             else:
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def next_beat():
     beat = (beat + 1) % SONG_LENGTH
 
 
-def tick(timer):
+def tick(_timer):
     next_beat()
 
 
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/fire_effect.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/fire_effect.py
index 510c499..316a004 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/fire_effect.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/fire_effect.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A pretty, procedural fire effect.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 cu = CosmicUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def update():
         _heat[x][height - 1] = 0.0
         _heat[x][height - 2] = 0.0
 
-    for c in range(fire_spawns):
+    for _ in range(fire_spawns):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         _heat[x + 0][height - 1] = 1.0
         _heat[x + 1][height - 1] = 1.0
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def update():
         _heat[x - 1][height - 2] = 1.0
 
     factor = damping_factor / 5.0
-    for y in range(0, height - 2):
+    for y in range(height - 2):
         for x in range(1, width - 1):
             _heat[x][y] += _heat[x][y + 1] + _heat[x][y + 2] + _heat[x - 1][y + 1] + _heat[x + 1][y + 1]
             _heat[x][y] *= factor
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py
index 5f51c83..5298a8e 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 import uasyncio.core
 from tinyweb.server import webserver
 
-'''
+"""
 Display scrolling wisdom, quotes or greetz... from the internetz!
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
 
 Requires network_manager.py , WIFI_CONFIG.py, logging.mpy and tinyweb from micropython/examples/common
 You'll also need index.html to be saved alongside this file.
-'''
+"""
 
 # Server Settings
 host = "0.0.0.0"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 
 def convert_colour(colour_str):
-    colour_str = colour_str.split(',')
+    colour_str = colour_str.split(",")
     print(colour_str)
     return colour_str[0], colour_str[1], colour_str[2]
 
@@ -32,20 +32,19 @@ class text:
     def get(self, data):
         global MESSAGE, MESSAGE_COLOUR, BACKGROUND_COLOUR
         print(data)
-        if 'text' in data.keys():
-            MESSAGE = data['text']
-        if 'colourfg' in data.keys():
-            MESSAGE_COLOUR = convert_colour(data['colourfg'])
-        if 'colourbg' in data.keys():
-            BACKGROUND_COLOUR = convert_colour(data['colourbg'])
-        return {'message': 'text updated'}, 201
+        if "text" in data.keys():
+            MESSAGE = data["text"]
+        if "colourfg" in data.keys():
+            MESSAGE_COLOUR = convert_colour(data["colourfg"])
+        if "colourbg" in data.keys():
+            BACKGROUND_COLOUR = convert_colour(data["colourbg"])
+        return {"message": "text updated"}, 201
 
-    def post(self, data):
+    def post(self, _data):
+        return {"message": "text updated"}, 201
 
-        return {'message': 'text updated'}, 201
 
-
-def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
+def status_handler(_mode, status, ip):
     global MESSAGE
     print("Network: {}".format(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID))
     status_text = "Connecting..."
@@ -65,17 +64,17 @@ def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
 
 
 # Index page
-@app.route('/')
-async def index(request, response):
+@app.route("/")
+async def index(_request, response):
     # Send actual HTML page
-    await response.send_file('index.html', content_type='text/html')
+    await response.send_file("index.html", content_type="text/html")
 
 
 # HTTP redirection
-@app.route('/redirect')
-async def redirect(request, response):
+@app.route("/redirect")
+async def redirect(_request, response):
     # Start HTTP response with content-type text/html
-    await response.redirect('/')
+    await response.redirect("/")
 
 # constants for controlling scrolling text
 PADDING = 5
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ def run():
     # Setup wifi
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
 
-    app.add_resource(text, '/update')
+    app.add_resource(text, "/update")
 
     # Connect to Wifi network
     asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
@@ -183,8 +182,8 @@ async def message_update():
 
 
 # The following is required to run both the web server and the scrolling text coherently
-app._server_coro = app._tcp_server(host, port, app.backlog)
+app._server_coro = app._tcp_server(host, port, app.backlog)  # noqa: SLF001
 loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
 t1 = loop.create_task(message_update())
-t2 = loop.create_task(app._server_coro)
+t2 = loop.create_task(app._server_coro)  # noqa: SLF001
 loop.run_forever()
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/fire.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/fire.py
index da7b163..5c12a86 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/fire.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/fire.py
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ def init():
 def pen_from_value(value):
     if value < 0.15:
         return palette[0]
-    elif value < 0.25:
+    if value < 0.25:
         return palette[1]
-    elif value < 0.35:
+    if value < 0.35:
         return palette[2]
-    elif value < 0.45:
+    if value < 0.45:
         return palette[3]
     return palette[4]
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def draw():
         heat[x][height - 2] = 0.0
 
     # add new fire spawns
-    for c in range(fire_spawns):
+    for _ in range(fire_spawns):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[x + 0][height - 1] = 1.0
         heat[x + 1][height - 1] = 1.0
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def draw():
         heat[x - 1][height - 2] = 1.0
 
     # average and damp out each value to create rising flame effect
-    for y in range(0, height - 2):
+    for y in range(height - 2):
         for x in range(1, width - 1):
             # update this pixel by averaging the below pixels
             average = (
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
index 9008e25..e65f0b2 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 phase = 0
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/today.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/today.py
index d54a568..bf03f57 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/today.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/launch/today.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def network_connect(SSID, PSK):
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(1)
 
     # Handle connection error. Switches the Warn LED on.
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
index 853d58e..6058002 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A 70s-tastic, procedural rainbow lava lamp.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 cu = CosmicUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return graphics.create_pen(int(p), int(q), int(v))
     if i == 4:
         return graphics.create_pen(int(t), int(p), int(v))
-    if i == 5:
-        return graphics.create_pen(int(v), int(p), int(q))
+    # if i == 5:
+    return graphics.create_pen(int(v), int(p), int(q))
 
 
 @micropython.native  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
index 21080fa..9479b5c 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A collection of copies of classic terminal styles including
 C64, MS-DOS, Spectrum, and more. Images and text are drawn
 pixel by pixel from a pattern of Os and Xs.
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 cu = CosmicUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ def draw(image, fg, bg, time_ms):
         for x in range(len(row)):
             pixel = row[x]
             # draw the prompt text
-            if pixel == 'O':
+            if pixel == "O":
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             # draw the caret blinking
-            elif pixel == 'X' and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
+            elif pixel == "X" and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             else:
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
index 76cd5db..c68fbc0 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def update():
     heat[height - 2][:] = 0.0
 
     # Add random fire spawns
-    for c in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
+    for _ in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[height - 1][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT / 2.0
         heat[height - 2][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py
index 77b596d..aa7a0ab 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def draw():
 blue = numpy.zeros((height, width))
 
 # Reserved for combined channels
-rgb = numpy.zeros((width * height * 4),)
+rgb = numpy.zeros((width * height * 4))
 
 # Stick some gradients in the channels so we have something to look at
 red[::] = numpy.linspace(0, 1, width)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def draw():
 # There has to be a better way!?
 for x in range(width):
     green[::, x] = numpy.linspace(0, 1, width)
-    blue[::, x] = numpy.linspace(1, 0, width,)
+    blue[::, x] = numpy.linspace(1, 0, width)
 
 t_count = 0
 t_total = 0
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
index 9d64b5f..014ebf3 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def update():
     heat[height - 2][:] = 0.0
 
     # Add random fire spawns
-    for c in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
+    for _ in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[height - 1][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT / 2.0
         heat[height - 2][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/rainbow.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/rainbow.py
index 021c989..4c7e9f5 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/rainbow.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/rainbow.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Some good old fashioned rainbows!
 
 You can adjust the cycling speed with A and B,
 stripe width with C and D, hue with VOL + and -,
 and the brightness with LUX + and -.
 The sleep button stops the animation (can be started again with A or B).
-'''
+"""
 
 cu = CosmicUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 @micropython.native  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
index 80c591c..516b741 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 from cosmic import CosmicUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_COSMIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Display scrolling wisdom, quotes or greetz.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 # constants for controlling scrolling text
 PADDING = 5
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/today.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/today.py
index 974ee58..719ce14 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/today.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/today.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def network_connect(SSID, PSK):
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(1)
 
     # Handle connection error. Switches the Warn LED on.
diff --git a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/weather/weather.py b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/weather/weather.py
index 6f4a3e2..b2e91ac 100644
--- a/examples/cosmic_unicorn/weather/weather.py
+++ b/examples/cosmic_unicorn/weather/weather.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 TIMEZONE = "auto"  # determines time zone from lat/long
 
 URL = "http://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast?latitude=" + str(LAT) + "&longitude=" + str(LNG) + "&current_weather=true&timezone=" + TIMEZONE
-WEATHER_TEXT = ''
+WEATHER_TEXT = ""
 user_icon = None
 
 
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ def get_data():
 
 def calculate_bearing(d):
     # calculates a compass direction from the wind direction in degrees
-    dirs = ['N', 'NNE', 'NE', 'ENE', 'E', 'ESE', 'SE', 'SSE', 'S', 'SSW', 'SW', 'WSW', 'W', 'WNW', 'NW', 'NNW']
+    dirs = ["N", "NNE", "NE", "ENE", "E", "ESE", "SE", "SSE", "S", "SSW", "SW", "WSW", "W", "WNW", "NW", "NNW"]
     ix = round(d / (360. / len(dirs)))
     return dirs[ix % len(dirs)]
 
 
-def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
+def status_handler(_mode, _status, _ip):
     global MESSAGE
     print("Network: {}".format(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID))
 
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/audio.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/audio.py
index 10ce585..6646584 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/audio.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/audio.py
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ def __stop_i2s(self):
         if self.__audio_out is not None:
             self.__audio_out.deinit()   # Deinit any active I2S comms
 
-        self.__state == WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
+        self.__state = WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
 
-    def __i2s_callback(self, arg):
+    def __i2s_callback(self, _arg):
         # PLAY
         if self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY:
             if self.__mode == WavPlayer.MODE_WAV:
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
index a08ee8b..3a097b2 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ def reset(self):
         self.timer.deinit()
         self.timer_running = False
 
-    def countdown(self, arg):
-
+    def countdown(self, _arg):
         if self.total_seconds == 0:
             audio.play_wav("doorbell.wav", False)
             self.reset()
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights.py
index 62a06ee..a75c90b 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights.py
@@ -26,37 +26,37 @@ def draw(colour):
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
 # set up wifi
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 
 # cheerlights
 
 # cheerlights colours
-colours = {b'red': graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0x00, 0x00), b'green': graphics.create_pen(0x00, 0x80, 0x00),
-           b'blue': graphics.create_pen(0x00, 0x00, 0xff),
-           b'cyan': graphics.create_pen(0x00, 0xff, 0xff), b'white': graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xff, 0xff),
-           b'oldlace': graphics.create_pen(0xfd, 0xf5, 0xe6),
-           b'purple': graphics.create_pen(0x80, 0x00, 0x80), b'magenta': graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0x00, 0xff),
-           b'yellow': graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
-           b'orange': graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xa5, 0x00), b'pink': graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xc0, 0xcb)}
+colours = {b"red": graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0x00, 0x00), b"green": graphics.create_pen(0x00, 0x80, 0x00),
+           b"blue": graphics.create_pen(0x00, 0x00, 0xff),
+           b"cyan": graphics.create_pen(0x00, 0xff, 0xff), b"white": graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xff, 0xff),
+           b"oldlace": graphics.create_pen(0xfd, 0xf5, 0xe6),
+           b"purple": graphics.create_pen(0x80, 0x00, 0x80), b"magenta": graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0x00, 0xff),
+           b"yellow": graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
+           b"orange": graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xa5, 0x00), b"pink": graphics.create_pen(0xff, 0xc0, 0xcb)}
 
 # get request
 while True:
-    r = urequests.get('http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/1/last.txt')
-    print(f'Colour: {r.content}')
+    r = urequests.get("http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/1/last.txt")
+    print(f"Colour: {r.content}")
     if r.content in colours:
         draw(colours[r.content])
     r.close()
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
index aed2c55..7e0398a 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-URL = 'http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/2/last.json'
+URL = "http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/2/last.json"
 
 UPDATE_INTERVAL = 327  # refresh interval in secs. Be nice to free APIs!
 # this esoteric number is used so that a column of LEDs equates (approximately) to an hour
@@ -24,28 +24,28 @@
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
 def hex_to_rgb(hex):
     # converts a hex colour code into RGB
-    h = hex.lstrip('#')
+    h = hex.lstrip("#")
     r, g, b = (int(h[i:i + 2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
     return r, g, b
 
 
-def get_data():
+def get_data(_t=None):
     # open the json file
-    print(f'Requesting URL: {URL}')
+    print(f"Requesting URL: {URL}")
     r = urequests.get(URL)
     # open the json data
     j = r.json()
-    print('Data obtained!')
+    print("Data obtained!")
     r.close()
 
     # flash the onboard LED after getting data
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ def get_data():
     pico_led.value(False)
 
     # extract hex colour from the json data
-    hex = j['field2']
+    hex = j["field2"]
 
     # add the new hex colour to the end of the array
     colour_array.append(hex)
-    print(f'Colour added to array: {hex}')
+    print(f"Colour added to array: {hex}")
     # remove the oldest colour in the array
     colour_array.pop(0)
     update_leds()
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def update_leds():
 gu.set_brightness(0.5)
 
 # set up the Pico W's onboard LED
-pico_led = Pin('LED', Pin.OUT)
+pico_led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
 
 current_colour = graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0)
 
@@ -102,15 +102,15 @@ def update_leds():
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 # get the first lot of data
 get_data()
 
 # start timer (the timer will call the function to update our data every UPDATE_INTERVAL)
 timer = Timer(-1)
-timer.init(period=UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t: get_data())
+timer.init(period=UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=get_data)
 
 while True:
     # adjust brightness with LUX + and -
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/clock.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/clock.py
index 2d85c2d..4758fae 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/clock.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/clock.py
@@ -72,26 +72,26 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 # function for drawing a gradient background
 def gradient_background(start_hue, start_sat, start_val, end_hue, end_sat, end_val):
     half_width = width // 2
-    for x in range(0, half_width):
+    for x in range(half_width):
         hue = ((end_hue - start_hue) * (x / half_width)) + start_hue
         sat = ((end_sat - start_sat) * (x / half_width)) + start_sat
         val = ((end_val - start_val) * (x / half_width)) + start_val
         colour = from_hsv(hue, sat, val)
         graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int(colour[0]), int(colour[1]), int(colour[2])))
-        for y in range(0, height):
+        for y in range(height):
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
             graphics.pixel(width - x - 1, y)
 
     colour = from_hsv(end_hue, end_sat, end_val)
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int(colour[0]), int(colour[1]), int(colour[2])))
-    for y in range(0, height):
+    for y in range(height):
         graphics.pixel(half_width, y)
 
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def sync_time():
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(0.2)
 
         redraw_display_if_reqd()
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
index 501e5eb..d59a305 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Random LEDs blink on and off mimicing the look of a movie
 super computer doing its work in the eighties.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 gu = GalacticUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test.py
index 891076e..a4908c8 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Displays some text, gradients and colours and demonstrates button use.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 gu = GalacticUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@
 
 
 def gradient(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int((r * x) / 52), int((g * x) / 52), int((b * x) / 52)))
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
 
 
 def grid(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             if (x + y) % 2 == 0:
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
             else:
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
index bc246ab..e82fbab 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn, Channel
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Displays some text, gradients and colours and demonstrates button use.
 Also demonstrates some of the audio / synth features.
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 - Button C plays a sinewave (it's frequency can be adjusted with VOL + and -)
 - Button D plays a second sinewave (it's frequency can be adjusted with LUX + and -)
 - Sleep button stops the sounds
-'''
+"""
 
 gc.collect()
 
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@
 
 
 def gradient(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int((r * x) / 52), int((g * x) / 52), int((b * x) / 52)))
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
 
 
 def grid(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             if (x + y) % 2 == 0:
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
             else:
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def next_beat():
     beat = (beat + 1) % SONG_LENGTH
 
 
-def tick(timer):
+def tick(_timer):
     next_beat()
 
 
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/fire_effect.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/fire_effect.py
index 9c12bd1..2b6bfd9 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/fire_effect.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/fire_effect.py
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A pretty, procedural fire effect.
 
 Switch between landscape fire and vertical fire using the A and B buttons!
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 gu = GalacticUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def update():
         heat[x][height - 1] = 0.0
         heat[x][height - 2] = 0.0
 
-    for c in range(fire_spawns):
+    for _ in range(fire_spawns):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[x + 0][height - 1] = 1.0
         heat[x + 1][height - 1] = 1.0
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def update():
         heat[x + 1][height - 2] = 1.0
         heat[x - 1][height - 2] = 1.0
 
-    for y in range(0, height - 2):
+    for y in range(height - 2):
         for x in range(1, width - 1):
             # update this pixel by averaging the below pixels
             average = (
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/galactic_paint/galactic_paint.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/galactic_paint/galactic_paint.py
index 91e034c..ac35936 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/galactic_paint/galactic_paint.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/galactic_paint/galactic_paint.py
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 
 
 @server.route("/", methods=["GET"])
-def route_index(request):
+def route_index(_request):
     return send_file("galactic_paint/index.html")
 
 
 @server.route("/static/<path:path>", methods=["GET"])
-def route_static(request, path):
+def route_static(_request, path):
     return send_file(f"galactic_paint/static/{path}")
 
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def get_pixel(x, y):
     return None
 
 
-def flood_fill(x, y, r, g, b):
+def flood_fill(x, y):
     todo = []
 
     def fill(x, y, c):
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ def fill(x, y, c):
         fill(x, y, c)
 
 
-@server.route('/paint')
+@server.route("/paint")
 @websocket.with_websocket
-async def echo(request, ws):
+async def echo(_request, ws):
     while True:
         data = await ws.receive()
         try:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def echo(request, ws):
                 data = await ws.receive()
                 x, y, r, g, b = [int(n) for n in data[0:5]]
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
-                flood_fill(x, y, r, g, b)
+                flood_fill(x, y)
 
             if data == "clear":
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0))
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/fire.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/fire.py
index 31238a5..78dda0d 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/fire.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/fire.py
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ def init():
 def pen_from_value(value):
     if value < 0.15:
         return palette[0]
-    elif value < 0.25:
+    if value < 0.25:
         return palette[1]
-    elif value < 0.35:
+    if value < 0.35:
         return palette[2]
-    elif value < 0.45:
+    if value < 0.45:
         return palette[3]
     return palette[4]
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def draw():
         heat[x][height - 2] = 0.0
 
     # add new fire spawns
-    for c in range(fire_spawns):
+    for _ in range(fire_spawns):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[x + 0][height - 1] = 1.0
         heat[x + 1][height - 1] = 1.0
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def draw():
         heat[x - 1][height - 2] = 1.0
 
     # average and damp out each value to create rising flame effect
-    for y in range(0, height - 2):
+    for y in range(height - 2):
         for x in range(1, width - 1):
             # update this pixel by averaging the below pixels
             average = (
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
index 388e9e0..da0dfc6 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 phase = 0
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/retroprompt.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/retroprompt.py
index 58c2cd3..bb0b515 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/retroprompt.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/launch/retroprompt.py
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ def draw():
         for x in range(len(row)):
             pixel = row[x]
             # draw the prompt text
-            if pixel == 'O':
+            if pixel == "O":
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             # draw the caret blinking
-            elif pixel == 'X' and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
+            elif pixel == "X" and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             else:
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
index ed577e5..3840495 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A 70s-tastic, procedural rainbow lava lamp.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 gu = GalacticUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return graphics.create_pen(int(p), int(q), int(v))
     if i == 4:
         return graphics.create_pen(int(t), int(p), int(v))
-    if i == 5:
-        return graphics.create_pen(int(v), int(p), int(q))
+    # if i == 5:
+    return graphics.create_pen(int(v), int(p), int(q))
 
 
 @micropython.native  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
index 5cb23aa..a9086d4 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A collection of copies of classic terminal styles including
 C64, MS-DOS, Spectrum, and more. Images and text are drawn
 pixel by pixel from a pattern of Os and Xs.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 gu = GalacticUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ def draw(image, fg, bg, time_ms):
         for x in range(len(row)):
             pixel = row[x]
             # draw the prompt text
-            if pixel == 'O':
+            if pixel == "O":
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             # draw the caret blinking
-            elif pixel == 'X' and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
+            elif pixel == "X" and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             else:
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
index 8e1c5db..a9d0b80 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def update():
     heat[height - 2][:] = 0.0
 
     # Add random fire spawns
-    for c in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
+    for _ in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[height - 1][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT / 2.0
         heat[height - 2][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
index 16ae9e1..34a248c 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def update():
     heat[height - 2][:] = 0.0
 
     # Add random fire spawns
-    for c in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
+    for _ in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[height - 1][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT / 2.0
         heat[height - 2][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/rainbow.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/rainbow.py
index 019132b..90ff7bb 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/rainbow.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/rainbow.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Some good old fashioned rainbows!
 
 You can adjust the cycling speed with A and B,
 stripe width with C and D, hue with VOL + and -,
 and the brightness with LUX + and -.
 The sleep button stops the animation (can be started again with A or B).
-'''
+"""
 
 gu = GalacticUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 @micropython.native  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/examples/galactic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py b/examples/galactic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
index 40d8c76..13c6b54 100644
--- a/examples/galactic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
+++ b/examples/galactic_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 from galactic import GalacticUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_GALACTIC_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Display scrolling wisdom, quotes or greetz.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 # constants for controlling scrolling text
 PADDING = 5
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/audio.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/audio.py
index 10ce585..6646584 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/audio.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/audio.py
@@ -185,9 +185,9 @@ def __stop_i2s(self):
         if self.__audio_out is not None:
             self.__audio_out.deinit()   # Deinit any active I2S comms
 
-        self.__state == WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
+        self.__state = WavPlayer.NONE  # Return to the none state
 
-    def __i2s_callback(self, arg):
+    def __i2s_callback(self, _arg):
         # PLAY
         if self.__state == WavPlayer.PLAY:
             if self.__mode == WavPlayer.MODE_WAV:
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
index 08dbdc2..4017734 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/audio/countdown_with_alarm.py
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ def reset(self):
         self.timer.deinit()
         self.timer_running = False
 
-    def countdown(self, arg):
-
+    def countdown(self, _arg):
         if self.total_seconds == 0:
             audio.play_wav("doorbell.wav", False)
             self.reset()
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
index f66f569..67845fd 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/cheerlights_history.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY, PEN_P8 as PEN
 
-URL = 'http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/1/last.txt'
+URL = "http://api.thingspeak.com/channels/1417/field/1/last.txt"
 
 UPDATE_INTERVAL = 60 * 60 / 16  # refresh interval in secs. Be nice to free APIs!
 # Calculated as 60 minutes * 60 seconds divided by number of pixels per row
@@ -56,23 +56,23 @@
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
-def get_data():
+def get_data(_t=None):
     global index
     # open the json file
     if UPDATE_INTERVAL >= 60:
-        print(f'Requesting URL: {URL}')
+        print(f"Requesting URL: {URL}")
         r = urequests.get(URL)
         name = r.content.decode("utf-8").strip()
         r.close()
-        print('Data obtained!')
+        print("Data obtained!")
 
     else:
         print("Random test colour!")
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def get_data():
 
     colour_array[index] = CHEERLIGHTS_COLOR_NAMES.index(name)
     index += 1
-    print(f'Colour added to array: {name}')
+    print(f"Colour added to array: {name}")
 
     su.update(graphics)
     print("LEDs updated!")
@@ -118,21 +118,21 @@ def get_data():
 su.set_brightness(0.5)
 
 # set up the Pico W's onboard LED
-pico_led = Pin('LED', Pin.OUT)
+pico_led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
 
 # set up wifi
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 # get the first lot of data
 get_data()
 
 # start timer (the timer will call the function to update our data every UPDATE_INTERVAL)
 timer = Timer(-1)
-timer.init(period=int(UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000), mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=lambda t: get_data())
+timer.init(period=int(UPDATE_INTERVAL * 1000), mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=get_data)
 
 while True:
     # adjust brightness with LUX + and -
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/clock.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/clock.py
index 173ee70..9ae34bf 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/clock.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/clock.py
@@ -74,26 +74,26 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 # function for drawing a gradient background
 def gradient_background(start_hue, start_sat, start_val, end_hue, end_sat, end_val):
     half_width = width // 2
-    for x in range(0, half_width):
+    for x in range(half_width):
         hue = ((end_hue - start_hue) * (x / half_width)) + start_hue
         sat = ((end_sat - start_sat) * (x / half_width)) + start_sat
         val = ((end_val - start_val) * (x / half_width)) + start_val
         colour = from_hsv(hue, sat, val)
         graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int(colour[0]), int(colour[1]), int(colour[2])))
-        for y in range(0, height):
+        for y in range(height):
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
             graphics.pixel(width - x - 1, y)
 
     colour = from_hsv(end_hue, end_sat, end_val)
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int(colour[0]), int(colour[1]), int(colour[2])))
-    for y in range(0, height):
+    for y in range(height):
         graphics.pixel(half_width, y)
 
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def sync_time():
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(0.2)
 
         redraw_display_if_reqd()
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
index 351f301..4a35326 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/eighties_super_computer.py
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Random LEDs blink on and off mimicking the look of a movie
 super computer doing its work in the eighties.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 su = StellarUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/encoder_wheel.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/encoder_wheel.py
index 7ccd6d1..5dab208 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/encoder_wheel.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/encoder_wheel.py
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ def hsv_to_rgb(h, s, v):
         return p, q, v
     if i == 4:
         return t, p, v
-    if i == 5:
-        return v, p, q
+    # if i == 5:
+    return v, p, q
 
 
 # Simple function to clamp a value between 0.0 and 1.0
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def sleep_until(end_time):
             wheel.set_rgb(position, 255, 255, 255)
 
         # Set the LEDs below the current position
-        for i in range(0, position):
+        for i in range(position):
             wheel.set_hsv(i, i / NUM_LEDS, saturation, brightness)
 
         # Set the LEDs after the current position
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py
index eb59332..348fb39 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/exchange_ticker.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 import gc
 
-URL = 'https://api.coinbase.com/v2/exchange-rates?currency={0}'
+URL = "https://api.coinbase.com/v2/exchange-rates?currency={0}"
 
 currencies = {"Bitcoin": "BTC", "Ethereun": "ETH", "Pound": "GBP", "Dollar": "USD", "Dogecoin": "DOGE"}
 currency_keys = list(currencies.keys())
@@ -41,23 +41,22 @@
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 
 def get_data(currency_selected):
-
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(20, 20, 20))
     graphics.clear()
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(100, 100, 100))
@@ -66,25 +65,23 @@ def get_data(currency_selected):
     su.update(graphics)
     gc.collect()
     # open the json file
-    print('Requesting URL:')
+    print("Requesting URL:")
     print(URL.format(currencies[currency_selected]))
     r = urequests.get(URL.format(currencies[currency_selected]))
     gc.collect()
     # open the json data
     data_obj = r.json()
-    print('Data obtained!')
+    print("Data obtained!")
     r.close()
     return data_obj
 
 
 def calculate_xpos(length, cycle):
     cycle_phase = math.cos(math.pi * cycle / (cycles_per_sequence / 2))
-    pos_x = int((-(length / 2) * 10) - (length / 2) * 10 * cycle_phase)
-    return pos_x
+    return int((-(length / 2) * 10) - (length / 2) * 10 * cycle_phase)
 
 
 def update_display(cycle):
-
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(20, 20, 20))
     graphics.clear()
     graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(100, 0, 0))
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ def update_base_currency(index):
     fetched_data = 0
     global rates, rate_keys, currency_symbol, currency_rate, ref_currency_name
     fetched_data = get_data(currency_keys[index])
-    rates = fetched_data['data']['rates']
+    rates = fetched_data["data"]["rates"]
     rate_keys = list(rates.keys())
     currency_symbol = rate_keys[index]
     currency_rate = str(rates[rate_keys[index]])
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test.py
index 868d832..4ac5628 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Displays some text, gradients and colours and demonstrates button use.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 su = StellarUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@
 
 
 def gradient(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int((r * x) / 16), int((g * x) / 16), int((b * x) / 16)))
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
 
 
 def grid(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             if (x + y) % 2 == 0:
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
             else:
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
index 1c67de4..243e342 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/feature_test_with_audio.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn, Channel
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Displays some text, gradients and colours and demonstrates button use.
 Also demonstrates some of the audio / synth features.
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 - Button C plays a sinewave (it's frequency can be adjusted with VOL + and -)
 - Button D plays a second sinewave (it's frequency can be adjusted with LUX + and -)
 - Sleep button stops the sounds
-'''
+"""
 
 gc.collect()
 
@@ -96,15 +96,15 @@
 
 
 def gradient(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(int((r * x) / 52), int((g * x) / 52), int((b * x) / 52)))
             graphics.pixel(x, y)
 
 
 def grid(r, g, b):
-    for y in range(0, height):
-        for x in range(0, width):
+    for y in range(height):
+        for x in range(width):
             if (x + y) % 2 == 0:
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
             else:
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def next_beat():
     beat = (beat + 1) % SONG_LENGTH
 
 
-def tick(timer):
+def tick(_timer):
     next_beat()
 
 
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/fire_effect.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/fire_effect.py
index d32d9c5..e94da89 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/fire_effect.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/fire_effect.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A pretty, procedural fire effect.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 su = StellarUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def update():
         _heat[x][height - 1] = 0.0
         _heat[x][height - 2] = 0.0
 
-    for c in range(fire_spawns):
+    for _ in range(fire_spawns):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         _heat[x + 0][height - 1] = 1.0
         _heat[x + 1][height - 1] = 1.0
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def update():
         _heat[x - 1][height - 2] = 1.0
 
     factor = damping_factor / 5.0
-    for y in range(0, height - 2):
+    for y in range(height - 2):
         for x in range(1, width - 1):
             _heat[x][y] += _heat[x][y + 1] + _heat[x][y + 2] + _heat[x - 1][y + 1] + _heat[x + 1][y + 1]
             _heat[x][y] *= factor
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py
index 33b0843..869a98c 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/http_text/html_text.py
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 import uasyncio.core
 from tinyweb.server import webserver
 
-'''
+"""
 Display scrolling wisdom, quotes or greetz... from the internetz!
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
 
 Requires network_manager.py , WIFI_CONFIG.py, logging.mpy and tinyweb from micropython/examples/common
 You'll also need index.html to be saved alongside this file.
-'''
+"""
 
 # Server Settings
 host = "0.0.0.0"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 
 def convert_colour(colour_str):
-    colour_str = colour_str.split(',')
+    colour_str = colour_str.split(",")
     print(colour_str)
     return colour_str[0], colour_str[1], colour_str[2]
 
@@ -32,20 +32,19 @@ class text:
     def get(self, data):
         global MESSAGE, MESSAGE_COLOUR, BACKGROUND_COLOUR
         print(data)
-        if 'text' in data.keys():
-            MESSAGE = data['text']
-        if 'colourfg' in data.keys():
-            MESSAGE_COLOUR = convert_colour(data['colourfg'])
-        if 'colourbg' in data.keys():
-            BACKGROUND_COLOUR = convert_colour(data['colourbg'])
-        return {'message': 'text updated'}, 201
+        if "text" in data.keys():
+            MESSAGE = data["text"]
+        if "colourfg" in data.keys():
+            MESSAGE_COLOUR = convert_colour(data["colourfg"])
+        if "colourbg" in data.keys():
+            BACKGROUND_COLOUR = convert_colour(data["colourbg"])
+        return {"message": "text updated"}, 201
 
-    def post(self, data):
+    def post(self, _data):
+        return {"message": "text updated"}, 201
 
-        return {'message': 'text updated'}, 201
 
-
-def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
+def status_handler(_mode, status, ip):
     global MESSAGE
     print("Network: {}".format(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID))
     status_text = "Connecting..."
@@ -65,17 +64,17 @@ def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
 
 
 # Index page
-@app.route('/')
-async def index(request, response):
+@app.route("/")
+async def index(_request, response):
     # Send actual HTML page
-    await response.send_file('index.html', content_type='text/html')
+    await response.send_file("index.html", content_type="text/html")
 
 
 # HTTP redirection
-@app.route('/redirect')
-async def redirect(request, response):
+@app.route("/redirect")
+async def redirect(_request, response):
     # Start HTTP response with content-type text/html
-    await response.redirect('/')
+    await response.redirect("/")
 
 # constants for controlling scrolling text
 PADDING = 5
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ def run():
     # Setup wifi
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
 
-    app.add_resource(text, '/update')
+    app.add_resource(text, "/update")
 
     # Connect to Wifi network
     asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
@@ -183,8 +182,8 @@ async def message_update():
 
 
 # The following is required to run both the web server and the scrolling text coherently
-app._server_coro = app._tcp_server(host, port, app.backlog)
+app._server_coro = app._tcp_server(host, port, app.backlog)  # noqa: SLF001
 loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
 t1 = loop.create_task(message_update())
-t2 = loop.create_task(app._server_coro)
+t2 = loop.create_task(app._server_coro)  # noqa: SLF001
 loop.run_forever()
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/fire.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/fire.py
index 2403458..12b197e 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/fire.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/fire.py
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ def init():
 def pen_from_value(value):
     if value < 0.15:
         return palette[0]
-    elif value < 0.25:
+    if value < 0.25:
         return palette[1]
-    elif value < 0.35:
+    if value < 0.35:
         return palette[2]
-    elif value < 0.45:
+    if value < 0.45:
         return palette[3]
     return palette[4]
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def draw():
         heat[x][height - 2] = 0.0
 
     # add new fire spawns
-    for c in range(fire_spawns):
+    for _ in range(fire_spawns):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[x + 0][height - 1] = 1.0
         heat[x + 1][height - 1] = 1.0
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def draw():
         heat[x - 1][height - 2] = 1.0
 
     # average and damp out each value to create rising flame effect
-    for y in range(0, height - 2):
+    for y in range(height - 2):
         for x in range(1, width - 1):
             # update this pixel by averaging the below pixels
             average = (
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
index 637c6ee..e4a1c80 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/rainbow.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 phase = 0
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/today.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/today.py
index 59eba38..666cdaa 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/today.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/launch/today.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def network_connect(ssid, psk):
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(1)
 
     # Handle connection error. Switches the Warn LED on.
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/lava_lamp.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
index c7a1d26..2ac526a 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/lava_lamp.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A 70s-tastic, procedural rainbow lava lamp.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 su = StellarUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return graphics.create_pen(int(p), int(q), int(v))
     if i == 4:
         return graphics.create_pen(int(t), int(p), int(v))
-    if i == 5:
-        return graphics.create_pen(int(v), int(p), int(q))
+    # if i == 5:
+    return graphics.create_pen(int(v), int(p), int(q))
 
 
 @micropython.native  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
index 8484f9c..680265e 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/nostalgia_prompt.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 A collection of copies of classic terminal styles including
 C64, MS-DOS, Spectrum, and more. Images and text are drawn
 pixel by pixel from a pattern of Os and Xs.
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 su = StellarUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ def draw(image, fg, bg, time_ms):
         for x in range(len(row)):
             pixel = row[x]
             # draw the prompt text
-            if pixel == 'O':
+            if pixel == "O":
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             # draw the caret blinking
-            elif pixel == 'X' and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
+            elif pixel == "X" and (time_ms // 300) % 2:
                 graphics.set_pen(fg_pen)
 
             else:
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
index 851ada0..d6d62d7 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/fire_effect.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def update():
     heat[height - 2][:] = 0.0
 
     # Add random fire spawns
-    for c in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
+    for _ in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[height - 1][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT / 2.0
         heat[height - 2][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py
index 44d6ce7..5f5b7fb 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/rgb_channels.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def draw():
 blue = numpy.zeros((height, width))
 
 # Reserved for combined channels
-rgb = numpy.zeros((width * height * 4),)
+rgb = numpy.zeros((width * height * 4))
 
 # Stick some gradients in the channels so we have something to look at
 red[::] = numpy.linspace(0, 1, width)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def draw():
 # There has to be a better way!?
 for x in range(width):
     green[::, x] = numpy.linspace(0, 1, width)
-    blue[::, x] = numpy.linspace(1, 0, width,)
+    blue[::, x] = numpy.linspace(1, 0, width)
 
 t_count = 0
 t_total = 0
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
index ee933a4..d369946 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/numpy/this_is_fine.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def update():
     heat[height - 2][:] = 0.0
 
     # Add random fire spawns
-    for c in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
+    for _ in range(FIRE_SPAWNS):
         x = random.randint(0, width - 4) + 2
         heat[height - 1][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT / 2.0
         heat[height - 2][x - 1:x + 1] = HEAT
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/rainbow.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/rainbow.py
index 5619e0e..dcbf468 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/rainbow.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/rainbow.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Some good old fashioned rainbows!
 
 You can adjust the cycling speed with A and B,
 stripe width with C and D, hue with VOL + and -,
 and the brightness with LUX + and -.
 The sleep button stops the animation (can be started again with A or B).
-'''
+"""
 
 su = StellarUnicorn()
 graphics = PicoGraphics(DISPLAY)
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ def from_hsv(h, s, v):
         return int(p), int(q), int(v)
     if i == 4:
         return int(t), int(p), int(v)
-    if i == 5:
-        return int(v), int(p), int(q)
+    # if i == 5:
+    return int(v), int(p), int(q)
 
 
 @micropython.native  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/scrolling_text.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
index 6235670..aa617b6 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/scrolling_text.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 from stellar import StellarUnicorn
 from picographics import PicoGraphics, DISPLAY_STELLAR_UNICORN as DISPLAY
 
-'''
+"""
 Display scrolling wisdom, quotes or greetz.
 
 You can adjust the brightness with LUX + and -.
-'''
+"""
 
 # constants for controlling scrolling text
 PADDING = 5
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/stellar_paint/stellar_paint.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/stellar_paint/stellar_paint.py
index 6b72083..8c83153 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/stellar_paint/stellar_paint.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/stellar_paint/stellar_paint.py
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 
 
 @server.route("/", methods=["GET"])
-def route_index(request):
+def route_index(_request):
     return send_file("stellar_paint/index.html")
 
 
 @server.route("/static/<path:path>", methods=["GET"])
-def route_static(request, path):
+def route_static(_request, path):
     return send_file(f"stellar_paint/static/{path}")
 
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def get_pixel(x, y):
     return None
 
 
-def flood_fill(x, y, r, g, b):
+def flood_fill(x, y):
     todo = []
 
     def fill(x, y, c):
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ def fill(x, y, c):
         fill(x, y, c)
 
 
-@server.route('/paint')
+@server.route("/paint")
 @websocket.with_websocket
-async def echo(request, ws):
+async def echo(_request, ws):
     while True:
         data = await ws.receive()
         try:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def echo(request, ws):
                 data = await ws.receive()
                 x, y, r, g, b = [int(n) for n in data[0:5]]
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(r, g, b))
-                flood_fill(x, y, r, g, b)
+                flood_fill(x, y)
 
             if data == "clear":
                 graphics.set_pen(graphics.create_pen(0, 0, 0))
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/today.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/today.py
index e957ee2..a37fa04 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/today.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/today.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def network_connect(SSID, PSK):
         if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
             break
         max_wait -= 1
-        print('waiting for connection...')
+        print("waiting for connection...")
         time.sleep(1)
 
     # Handle connection error. Switches the Warn LED on.
diff --git a/examples/stellar_unicorn/weather/weather.py b/examples/stellar_unicorn/weather/weather.py
index 2be0355..f0fd3ab 100644
--- a/examples/stellar_unicorn/weather/weather.py
+++ b/examples/stellar_unicorn/weather/weather.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def get_data():
 
 def calculate_bearing(d):
     # calculates a compass direction from the wind direction in degrees
-    dirs = ['N', 'NNE', 'NE', 'ENE', 'E', 'ESE', 'SE', 'SSE', 'S', 'SSW', 'SW', 'WSW', 'W', 'WNW', 'NW', 'NNW']
+    dirs = ["N", "NNE", "NE", "ENE", "E", "ESE", "SE", "SSE", "S", "SSW", "SW", "WSW", "W", "WNW", "NW", "NNW"]
     ix = round(d / (360. / len(dirs)))
     return dirs[ix % len(dirs)]
 
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ def calculate_bearing(d):
 def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
     # reports wifi connection status
     print(mode, status, ip)
-    print('Connecting to wifi...')
+    print("Connecting to wifi...")
     if status is not None:
         if status:
-            print('Wifi connection successful!')
+            print("Wifi connection successful!")
         else:
-            print('Wifi connection failed!')
+            print("Wifi connection failed!")
 
 
 # create objects and picographics surface for drawing
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ def status_handler(mode, status, ip):
 try:
     network_manager = NetworkManager(WIFI_CONFIG.COUNTRY, status_handler=status_handler)
     uasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(network_manager.client(WIFI_CONFIG.SSID, WIFI_CONFIG.PSK))
-except Exception as e:
-    print(f'Wifi connection failed! {e}')
+except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+    print(f"Wifi connection failed! {e}")
 
 while True:
     # adjust brightness with LUX + and -
diff --git a/modules/wireless/ezwifi.py b/modules/wireless/ezwifi.py
index a840a32..cbbac98 100644
--- a/modules/wireless/ezwifi.py
+++ b/modules/wireless/ezwifi.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async def _log(self, text, level=LogLevel.INFO):
 
     def on(self, handler_name, handler=None):
         if handler_name not in self._events.keys():
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid event: \"{handler_name}\"")
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid event: "{handler_name}"')
 
         def _on(handler):
             self._events[handler_name] = handler
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ def _secrets(self):
             if not WIFI_SSID:
                 raise ValueError("secrets.py: WIFI_SSID is empty!")
             return WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD
-        except ImportError:
-            raise ImportError("secrets.py: missing or invalid!")
+        except ImportError as err:
+            raise ImportError("secrets.py: missing or invalid!") from err
 
 
 def connect(**kwargs):