refactor(faq): reorganize and rename pages for better categorization

- Moved binary and hexadecimal to 'concept' category.
- Grouped business logic, data access logic, and objects under 'software_development'.
- Added index for the 'concept' category to enhance navigation.

Author: mahatmamahardhikach

pages/faq/concept/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+layout: default
+title: Concept
+parent: FAQ
+description: "Concept"
+---
+
+# **Concepts for Programmers**
+
+The **Concept Collections for Programmers** is a curated glossary designed to empower developers of all skill levels
+with a deep understanding of foundational and advanced programming concepts. Whether you are just starting your coding
+journey or refining your expertise, this collection serves as a practical guide to mastering critical programming ideas
+and principles.
+
+Each entry in **Concept Collections for Programmers** includes:
+
+- **Clear and Concise Explanations** – Straightforward descriptions of key programming concepts such as Object-Oriented
+  Programming, Functional Programming, Asynchronous Operations, and Clean Code Principles.
+- **Real-World Applications** – Practical examples and use cases to demonstrate how these concepts are implemented in
+  real-world scenarios, fostering better integration into your projects.
+- **Visual Aids and Code Snippets** – Diagrams and code snippets to simplify complex ideas, ensuring a more intuitive
+  learning experience.
+
+This collection is a valuable resource for improving your programming proficiency, equipping you with the knowledge to
+build efficient solutions, collaborate effectively, and adapt to the ever-evolving tech landscape.

pages/faq/software_development/what_is_binary.md renamed to pages/faq/concept/what_is_binary.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 layout: default
 title: What is Binary?
-parent: Software Development
+parent: Concept
 grand_parent: FAQ
 description: "What is Binary?"
 ---

pages/faq/software_development/what_is_hexadecimal.md renamed to pages/faq/concept/what_is_hexadecimal.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 layout: default
 title: What is Hexadecimal?
-parent: Software Development
+parent: Concept
 grand_parent: FAQ
 description: "What is Hexadecimal?"
 ---

pages/faq/term/business_logic_on_programming.md renamed to pages/faq/software_development/business_logic_on_programming.md

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 ---
 layout: default
 title: What is Business Logic in Programming?
-parent: Term
+parent: Software Development
 grand_parent: FAQ
 description: "What is Business Logic in Programming?"
 ---
 
 # What is Business Logic in Programming?
 
-In software development, **business logic** refers to the core functionality that dictates how a program handles, processes, and enforces business rules, workflows, and data operations. It’s the layer of code that translates real-world business rules into functional software operations, bridging the gap between raw data and meaningful results.
+In software development, **business logic** refers to the core functionality that dictates how a program handles,
+processes, and enforces business rules, workflows, and data operations. It’s the layer of code that translates
+real-world business rules into functional software operations, bridging the gap between raw data and meaningful results.
 
 ---
 
 ### Table of Contents
+
 1. [Introduction](#introduction)
 2. [Why Business Logic is Important](#why-business-logic-is-important)
 3. [Business Logic vs. Other Layers](#business-logic-vs-other-layers)
@@ -27,7 +30,9 @@ In software development, **business logic** refers to the core functionality tha
 
 ### 1. Introduction
 
-Business logic is the backbone of any application. It ensures that the software operates in alignment with the real-world needs of the organization it serves. For example:
+Business logic is the backbone of any application. It ensures that the software operates in alignment with the
+real-world needs of the organization it serves. For example:
+
 - In an e-commerce app, business logic might dictate how discounts are applied to a cart.
 - In a banking app, it ensures transactions follow regulations and business policies.
 
@@ -50,17 +55,20 @@ In most software architectures (like MVC or layered architecture), business logi
 - **Presentation Layer**: Manages user interfaces (e.g., HTML, CSS, front-end frameworks).
 - **Data Layer**: Handles database operations (e.g., SQL queries, data storage).
 
-Business logic resides in the **middle layer**, connecting the presentation and data layers. It processes inputs from users or systems, applies business rules, and outputs results.
+Business logic resides in the **middle layer**, connecting the presentation and data layers. It processes inputs from
+users or systems, applies business rules, and outputs results.
 
 ---
 
 ### 4. Examples of Business Logic
 
 #### **E-Commerce Application**
+
 - Calculating discounts based on customer type (e.g., VIP customers get 20% off).
 - Determining shipping costs based on location and package weight.
 
 #### **Banking System**
+
 - Ensuring sufficient balance before allowing a withdrawal.
 - Applying interest to savings accounts at the end of each month.
 
@@ -69,7 +77,8 @@ Business logic resides in the **middle layer**, connecting the presentation and
 ### 5. How to Manage Business Logic in Code
 
 1. **Centralize Rules**  
-   Keep all business rules in a dedicated service or class. This avoids duplication and makes the rules easier to maintain.
+   Keep all business rules in a dedicated service or class. This avoids duplication and makes the rules easier to
+   maintain.
 
 2. **Leverage Frameworks**  
    Frameworks like Laravel, Spring, or Django provide layers where business logic can be implemented effectively.
@@ -97,4 +106,7 @@ Business logic resides in the **middle layer**, connecting the presentation and
 
 ### 7. Conclusion
 
-Business logic is the heart of any application, ensuring that it meets organizational requirements and delivers value. By clearly defining and managing this logic, developers can build software that is reliable, scalable, and aligned with real-world needs. A strong focus on modularity, separation of concerns, and testing can help maintain robust and adaptable business logic over time.  
+Business logic is the heart of any application, ensuring that it meets organizational requirements and delivers value.
+By clearly defining and managing this logic, developers can build software that is reliable, scalable, and aligned with
+real-world needs. A strong focus on modularity, separation of concerns, and testing can help maintain robust and
+adaptable business logic over time.  

pages/faq/term/data_access_logic_on_programming.md renamed to pages/faq/software_development/data_access_logic_on_programming.md

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 ---
 layout: default
 title: What is Data Access Logic in Programming?
-parent: Term
+parent: Software Development
 grand_parent: FAQ
 description: "What is Data Access Logic in Programming?"
 ---
 
 # What is Data Access Logic in Programming?
 
-**Data access logic** refers to the layer of a software application responsible for interacting with the data source, such as a database, file system, or API. It handles tasks like fetching, inserting, updating, and deleting data, providing a bridge between the data storage layer and the rest of the application.
+**Data access logic** refers to the layer of a software application responsible for interacting with the data source,
+such as a database, file system, or API. It handles tasks like fetching, inserting, updating, and deleting data,
+providing a bridge between the data storage layer and the rest of the application.
 
 ---
 
 ## Table of Contents
+
 1. [Introduction](#introduction)
 2. [Role of Data Access Logic in Software Architecture](#role-of-data-access-logic-in-software-architecture)
 3. [Key Responsibilities of Data Access Logic](#key-responsibilities-of-data-access-logic)
@@ -26,9 +29,12 @@ description: "What is Data Access Logic in Programming?"
 
 ## 1. Introduction
 
-In software development, data access logic serves as the **gatekeeper** to the data. It ensures that data operations are performed efficiently, securely, and consistently. By abstracting data access logic into its own layer, applications can maintain clean separation of concerns, making the code more modular and maintainable.
+In software development, data access logic serves as the **gatekeeper** to the data. It ensures that data operations are
+performed efficiently, securely, and consistently. By abstracting data access logic into its own layer, applications can
+maintain clean separation of concerns, making the code more modular and maintainable.
 
 For example:
+
 - In a banking app, data access logic retrieves account balances from a database.
 - In an e-commerce app, it saves a customer’s order to the database.
 
@@ -37,10 +43,12 @@ For example:
 ## 2. Role of Data Access Logic in Software Architecture
 
 Data access logic typically resides in the **data layer** of a multi-layered architecture, such as:
+
 - **MVC (Model-View-Controller)**: Data access logic is often in the Model layer.
 - **Three-Tier Architecture**: It is part of the data tier, separate from business logic and presentation layers.
 
 By isolating data access logic, developers can:
+
 1. Replace or update the database without affecting other layers.
 2. Reuse data access methods across different parts of the application.
 
@@ -59,7 +67,9 @@ By isolating data access logic, developers can:
 ## 4. Examples of Data Access Logic
 
 ### **SQL Query Example**
+
 Direct database interaction using raw SQL:
+
 ```python
 import sqlite3
 
@@ -76,9 +86,11 @@ connection.close()
 ```
 
 ### **Using ORM Frameworks**
+
 ORMs like Hibernate, Entity Framework, and Laravel Eloquent simplify data access by abstracting SQL into objects.
 
 #### Python (Django ORM)
+
 ```python
 from myapp.models import User
 
@@ -88,6 +100,7 @@ print(user.name)
 ```
 
 #### PHP (Laravel Eloquent)
+
 ```php
 $user = User::find(1);
 echo $user->name;
@@ -110,10 +123,14 @@ echo $user->name;
    Use indexing, joins, and caching techniques to improve query performance.
 
 5. **Abstract Data Access Logic**  
-   Use repositories or services to encapsulate data access methods, making it easier to change the data source in the future.
+   Use repositories or services to encapsulate data access methods, making it easier to change the data source in the
+   future.
 
 ---
 
 ## 6. Conclusion
 
-Data access logic is an essential component of software architecture, ensuring efficient and secure interaction with data sources. By implementing best practices and leveraging tools like ORMs, developers can build applications that are both robust and maintainable. Proper separation of this layer not only enhances performance but also promotes clean, modular code that is easier to debug and scale.  
+Data access logic is an essential component of software architecture, ensuring efficient and secure interaction with
+data sources. By implementing best practices and leveraging tools like ORMs, developers can build applications that are
+both robust and maintainable. Proper separation of this layer not only enhances performance but also promotes clean,
+modular code that is easier to debug and scale.  

pages/faq/term/what_is_object_in_programming.md renamed to pages/faq/software_development/what_is_object_in_programming.md

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 ---
 layout: default
 title: What is an Object in Programming?
-parent: Term
+parent: Software Development
 grand_parent: FAQ
 description: "What is an Object in Programming?"
 ---
 
-
 # What is an Object in Programming?
 
-In the world of programming, an object is a fundamental concept that lies at the heart of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). Simply put, an object is a self-contained entity that bundles together data (attributes or properties) and behaviors (methods or functions). It mirrors real-world objects, making it easier to model and solve complex problems.
+In the world of programming, an object is a fundamental concept that lies at the heart of Object-Oriented Programming (
+OOP). Simply put, an object is a self-contained entity that bundles together data (attributes or properties) and
+behaviors (methods or functions). It mirrors real-world objects, making it easier to model and solve complex problems.
 
 ---
 
 ### Table of Contents
+
 1. [Introduction](#introduction)
 2. [Key Characteristics of an Object](#key-characteristics-of-an-object)
     - [Encapsulation](#encapsulation)
@@ -30,32 +32,42 @@ In the world of programming, an object is a fundamental concept that lies at the
 
 ### 1. Introduction
 
-In the world of programming, **an object** is a fundamental concept that lies at the heart of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). Simply put, an object is a self-contained entity that bundles together **data** (attributes or properties) and **behaviors** (methods or functions). It mirrors real-world objects, making it easier to model and solve complex problems.
+In the world of programming, **an object** is a fundamental concept that lies at the heart of Object-Oriented
+Programming (OOP). Simply put, an object is a self-contained entity that bundles together **data** (attributes or
+properties) and **behaviors** (methods or functions). It mirrors real-world objects, making it easier to model and solve
+complex problems.
 
 ---
 
 ### 2. Key Characteristics of an Object
 
 #### **Encapsulation**
-An object encapsulates its data and behavior, ensuring they function as a single unit. For example, a car object might have:
+
+An object encapsulates its data and behavior, ensuring they function as a single unit. For example, a car object might
+have:
+
 - Properties: `color`, `make`, `model`, `speed`.
 - Methods: `accelerate()`, `brake()`, `honk()`.
 
 #### **State and Behavior**
+
 - **State** refers to the current values of an object's properties.  
   *Example:* A `lightBulb` object could have `isOn: true`.
 - **Behavior** defines what the object can do.  
   *Example:* The `toggle()` method could change the state of `isOn`.
 
 #### **Identity**
+
 Each object is unique. Even if two objects have the same properties and values, they are distinct instances.
 
 ---
 
 ### 3. Objects in Popular Programming Languages
 
 #### **Python**
+
 Everything in Python is an object. You can create custom objects using classes.
+
 ```python
 class Car:
     def __init__(self, color, model):
@@ -71,7 +83,9 @@ my_car.drive()       # Output: The car is driving
 ```
 
 #### **Java**
+
 Objects are instances of classes, which serve as blueprints.
+
 ```java
 class Car {
     String color;
@@ -87,14 +101,16 @@ myCar.drive(); // Output: The car is driving
 ```
 
 #### **JavaScript**
+
 Objects are central to the language, created with object literals or classes.
+
 ```javascript
 const car = {
-    color: "green",
-    model: "SUV",
-    drive: function() {
-        console.log("The car is driving");
-    }
+	color: "green",
+	model: "SUV",
+	drive: function () {
+		console.log("The car is driving");
+	}
 };
 console.log(car.color); // Output: green
 car.drive();            // Output: The car is driving
@@ -120,4 +136,6 @@ car.drive();            // Output: The car is driving
 
 ### 5. Conclusion
 
-An object in programming is a powerful abstraction that simplifies problem-solving by modeling real-world entities. Mastering objects and their properties is essential for anyone diving into Object-Oriented Programming, as it forms the foundation for building robust, reusable, and maintainable code.  
+An object in programming is a powerful abstraction that simplifies problem-solving by modeling real-world entities.
+Mastering objects and their properties is essential for anyone diving into Object-Oriented Programming, as it forms the
+foundation for building robust, reusable, and maintainable code.