diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/ir.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/ir.cpp
index c63b772ac45..37dc9bee2f0 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/ir.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/ir.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/cache.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/debug_macros.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/sys_util.h"
+#include "torch_xla/csrc/status.h"
 
 namespace torch_xla {
 namespace {
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/ir.h b/torch_xla/csrc/ir.h
index eea82a8fe2b..36345e72b88 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/ir.h
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/ir.h
@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ class LoweringContext;
 
 using XlaOpVector = absl::InlinedVector<xla::XlaOp, 1>;
 
-template <typename T>
-using OutputMap =
-    std::unordered_map<torch::lazy::Output, T, torch::lazy::Output::Hasher>;
-
 void DetectDynamicShape(torch::lazy::NodePtr node);
 
 template <typename T, typename... Args>
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.cpp
index 3b557dffa82..14b812d8d3d 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.cpp
@@ -1,24 +1,35 @@
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h"
 
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <utility>
-
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <c10/util/ArrayRef.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/backend/backend_data.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/backend/backend_device.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/backend/lowering_context.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/config.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/ir.h>
 #include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/ir_metadata.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/ir_util.h>
 
-#include "absl/log/absl_check.h"
-#include "absl/log/absl_log.h"
 #include "absl/status/status.h"
+#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
 #include "absl/strings/str_replace.h"
+#include "xla/hlo/builder/xla_builder.h"
+#include "xla/hlo/builder/xla_computation.h"
+#include "xla/shape.h"
+#include "xla/xla_data.pb.h"
 
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/ir.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/computation_client.h"
-#include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/debug_macros.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/sys_util.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/shape_helper.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/stack_frame_index_builder.h"
@@ -242,21 +253,23 @@ void LoweringContext::AssignOutputOp(const torch::lazy::Output& output,
 }
 
 xla::XlaOp LoweringContext::GetOutputOp(const torch::lazy::Output& output) {
-  auto it = emitted_outputs_.find(output);
+  XLA_ASSIGN_OR_THROW(xla::XlaOp op, SafeGetOutputOp(output));
+  return op;
+}
 
-  if (it == emitted_outputs_.end()) {
-    const auto post_order =
+absl::StatusOr<xla::XlaOp> LoweringContext::SafeGetOutputOp(
+    const torch::lazy::Output& output) {
+  if (!CheckOutputIsEmitted(output).ok()) {
+    const std::vector<const torch::lazy::Node*> post_order =
         torch::lazy::Util::ComputePostOrder(output.node, &emit_status_);
-    for (const auto* const node : post_order) {
-      XLA_THROW_IF_ERROR(LowerNode(*node));
+    for (const torch::lazy::Node* const node : post_order) {
+      XLA_RETURN_IF_ERROR(LowerNode(*node));
     }
     // At this point the output better be present, otherwise there is an issue
     // with the lowering code.
-    it = emitted_outputs_.find(output);
-    ABSL_CHECK(it != emitted_outputs_.end())
-        << "No XLA operation emitted for output: " << output;
+    XLA_CHECK_OK(CheckOutputIsEmitted(output));
   }
-  return it->second;
+  return emitted_outputs_.at(output);
 }
 
 absl::StatusOr<XlaOpVector> LoweringContext::LowerNode(
@@ -329,4 +342,15 @@ torch::lazy::ComputationPtr LoweringContext::Build() {
       builder_.name(), std::move(xla_computation), device_);
 }
 
+absl::Status LoweringContext::CheckOutputIsEmitted(
+    const torch::lazy::Output& output) const {
+  torch::lazy::OutputMap<xla::XlaOp>::const_iterator it =
+      emitted_outputs_.find(output);
+  if (it == emitted_outputs_.end()) {
+    return XLA_ERROR_WITH_LOCATION(absl::InvalidArgumentError(
+        absl::StrCat("could not find output: ", output.ToString())));
+  }
+  return absl::OkStatus();
+}
+
 }  // namespace torch_xla
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h b/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h
index 75a68aac6f5..bcb0a35e6d3 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h
@@ -1,27 +1,29 @@
 #ifndef XLA_TORCH_XLA_CSRC_LOWERING_CONTEXT_H_
 #define XLA_TORCH_XLA_CSRC_LOWERING_CONTEXT_H_
 
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
-#include <string_view>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <c10/util/ArrayRef.h>
 #include <torch/csrc/lazy/backend/backend_data.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/backend/backend_device.h>
 #include <torch/csrc/lazy/backend/lowering_context.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/ir.h>
+#include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/ir_metadata.h>
 #include <torch/csrc/lazy/core/ir_util.h>
 
 #include "absl/status/status.h"
-#include "absl/types/span.h"
-#include "tsl/platform/macros.h"
+#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
 #include "xla/hlo/builder/xla_builder.h"
-#include "xla/types.h"
+#include "xla/hlo/builder/xla_computation.h"
 
-#include "torch_xla/csrc/device.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/ir.h"
-#include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/computation_client.h"
 
 namespace torch_xla {
 
@@ -74,10 +76,23 @@ class LoweringContext : public torch::lazy::LoweringContext {
   // operands among the emitted outputs.
   void AssignOutputOp(const torch::lazy::Output& output, xla::XlaOp op);
 
-  // Retrieves the lowered operation for a output. If the requested output is
-  // not available yet, the graph behind the output's XlaNode is lowered, and
-  // the corresponding XLA operation returned.
-  xla::XlaOp GetOutputOp(const torch::lazy::Output& output);
+  // Retrieves the lowered operation for a output.
+  //
+  // If the requested output is not available yet, the graph behind the output's
+  // XlaNode is lowered, and the corresponding XLA operation returned.
+  [[deprecated("Use SafeGetOutputOp for better error handling.")]] xla::XlaOp
+  GetOutputOp(const torch::lazy::Output& output);
+  // Retrieves the lowered operation for a output.
+  //
+  // If the requested output is not available yet, the graph behind the output's
+  // XlaNode is lowered, and the corresponding XLA operation returned.
+  //
+  // This function shall return an error status if the lowering the underlying
+  // `output`, or any other dependent nodes, returns an error status.
+  // Additionally, it might abort if after the lowering of `output` and its
+  // dependent nodes, the lowered node for `output` is not available, i.e. not
+  // in `emitted_outputs_`.
+  absl::StatusOr<xla::XlaOp> SafeGetOutputOp(const torch::lazy::Output& output);
 
   // Build the XLA computation capturing all the operations created with the
   // embedded XLA builder (returned by the builder() API).
@@ -110,7 +125,7 @@ class LoweringContext : public torch::lazy::LoweringContext {
 
   torch::lazy::ComputationPtr Build() override;
 
-  const OutputMap<xla::XlaOp> GetEmittedOutputs() const {
+  const torch::lazy::OutputMap<xla::XlaOp> GetEmittedOutputs() const {
     return emitted_outputs_;
   }
 
@@ -124,11 +139,15 @@ class LoweringContext : public torch::lazy::LoweringContext {
     size_t index = 0;
   };
 
+  // Checks whether the given output is already emitted. In other words, whether
+  // we can find it inside `emitted_outputs_`.
+  absl::Status CheckOutputIsEmitted(const torch::lazy::Output& output) const;
+
   xla::XlaBuilder builder_;
   std::unordered_map<torch::lazy::BackendData::Handle, Parameter>
       parameters_map_;
   std::vector<xla::XlaOp> root_tuple_;
-  OutputMap<xla::XlaOp> emitted_outputs_;
+  torch::lazy::OutputMap<xla::XlaOp> emitted_outputs_;
   std::string name_;
 
   std::shared_ptr<StackFrameIndexBuilder> stack_frame_index_builder_;
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/ops/custom_call.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/ops/custom_call.cpp
index b7980f75f57..53032fd9cee 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/ops/custom_call.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/ops/custom_call.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/ops/xla_ops.h"
+#include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/debug_macros.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/shape_helper.h"
 
 namespace torch_xla {
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/ops/dot_general.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/ops/dot_general.cpp
index 345bfc3a08f..a0abd21199b 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/ops/dot_general.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/ops/dot_general.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/ops/infer_output_shape.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/ops/xla_ops.h"
+#include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/debug_macros.h"
 
 namespace torch_xla {
 
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/ops/symeig.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/ops/symeig.cpp
index 996f91ba5cc..7242d8a25e7 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/ops/symeig.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/ops/symeig.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "xla/hlo/builder/lib/self_adjoint_eig.h"
 
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/lowering_context.h"
+#include "torch_xla/csrc/runtime/debug_macros.h"
 #include "torch_xla/csrc/shape_helper.h"
 
 namespace torch_xla {