Add quandum data-syndrome codes (`QDSCode`)

[perlinm]

Any quantum code can be turned into a QDSCode to make it single-shot fault tolerant (at the cost of added parity checks and at-most-doubling qubit number). Intuitively, a QDSCode simply uses additional qubits in a secondary code that is "coupled" to the first one to detect syndrome measurement errors.

• https://errorcorrectionzoo.org/c/data_syndrome
• https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01393
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01527
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16044