bugs/index.php at master · rflynn/bugs · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <title>Software Engineering Disaster Hall of Fame</title>
  <meta name="author" content="Ryan Flynn" />
  <meta name="description" content="" />
  <meta name="keywords" content="bug, software, programming, disaster, famous, fame, hall, shame" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection" />
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="bug.ico">
<style>
body {
  font: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
th { background-color: #eee }
th, td {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  padding: 0.25em;
}
th { border-color: #fff }
td ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-size: smaller;
  padding-left: 1em;
  text-indent: -1em;
}
td ul li:before {
  content: "\00BB \0020";
}
</style>
</head>

<body>

<<<<<<< HEAD
=======
<h1>
<img border="0" width="32" height="32" style="vertical-align:text-bottom" alt="" title="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhEAAQAMIEAAACADk6V0WWj7PT8P///////////////yH5BAEKAAQALAAAAAAQABAAAANESEqx/gu4BuOEAejcZFXAMAAc401DIIiCFzQZuIqDQDkASdNtFfCs2AQwS9UkL4uKFrotOirBivS4cUiqD+GkfXYv2gQAOw==">
Software Engineering Disaster Hall of Fame</h1>
<h3>Compiled by Ryan Flynn</h3>

>>>>>>> ca5a7adc745a3664c4f88417b973b115ecf36d2c
<?php

error_reporting(-1);

@include_once('../util.inc');

?>

<h1>Software Engineering Disaster Hall of Fame</h1>
<h3>Compiled by Ryan Flynn</h3>

<?php

$cases =
  array_filter(
    scandir('./case/'),
    function ($f)
    {
      return preg_match('/\.json$/', $f);
    });

$Bugs = array();

foreach ($cases as $case)
{
  $path = "case/$case";
  $json = file_get_contents($path);
  $data = json_decode($json, true);
  if (!$data)
    echo json_last_error();
  $Bugs[basename($case, '.json')] = $data;
}

function eschtml($str)
{
  return htmlspecialchars($str);
}

function tohtml($v)
{
  if (is_array($v))
  {
    if (count($v) == 1)
    {
      $k = array_keys($v);
      return $k[0];
    }
    $s = '<ul>';
    foreach (array_keys($v) as $k)
      $s .= '<li>' . eschtml($k);
    $s .= '</ul>';
    return $s;
  } else {
    return $v;
  }
}

function cost($c)
{
  $cost = array();
  if ($c['deaths'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%u death%s',
                $c['deaths'],
                $c['deaths'] == 1 ? '' : 's');
  }
  if (@$c['injuries'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%u injured', $c['injuries']);
  }
  if (@$c['lives-at-risk'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%s lives at risk', number_format($c['lives-at-risk']));
  }
  # because of the number of years and different currencies, convert all
  # non-dollar amounts to dollars inside the case studies based on
  # exchange rate atht the time of the incident
  if (@$c['dollars'])
  {
    $d = dollars($c);
    $cost[] = sprintf('$%s', number_format($d));
  } else if (@$c['£']) {
    $cost[] = sprintf('£%s', number_format($c['£']));
  } else if (@$c['€']) {
    $cost[] = sprintf('€%s', number_format($c['€']));
  } else if (@$c['AUD']) {
    $cost[] = sprintf('AUD%s', number_format($c['AUD']));
  }
  if (@$c['jobs'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%s jobs', number_format($c['jobs']));
  }
  if (@$c['recalls'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%s recalls', number_format($c['recalls']));
  }
  if (@$c['remote-vulnerabilities'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%s vulnerabilities', number_format($c['remote-vulnerabilities']));
  }
  if (@$c['delay-years'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('%u year delay', $c['delay-years']);
  }
  if (@$c['dollars-at-risk'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf('$%s at risk', number_format($c['dollars-at-risk']));
  }
  if (@$c['delay-days'])
  {
    $cost[] = sprintf("%u day delay", $c['delay-days']);
  }
  if (!$cost)
  {
    $cost[] = 'unspecified';
  }
  return $cost;
}

/*
 * return inflation-adjusted dollar amount based on original cost and age
 * $when can be in the forms: "Jan 1, 2000", "Jan, 2000", "2000", "2000-2001", "2000-present"
 */
function inflation($dollars, $when)
{
  $Now = intval(date('Y'));
  $yr = intval(date('Y'), strtotime(intval($when) ? intval($when) : $when));
  if ($yr == 0)
    $yr = $Now;
  $ageyears = $Now - $yr;
  $factor = pow(1.02, $ageyears);
  return $dollars * $factor;
}

function dollars($a)
{
    $dollars = @$a['dollars'];
    if (is_array($dollars))
        $dollars = array_sum(array_values($dollars));
    return $dollars;
}

uasort($Bugs,
  function ($a, $b)
  {
    $ac = $a['cost'];
    $bc = $b['cost'];
    $cmp = @$ac['fiction'] - @$bc['fiction'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['near-thermonuclear-war'] - @$ac['near-thermonuclear-war'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['deaths'] - @$ac['deaths'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['injuries'] - @$ac['injuries'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['lives-at-risk'] - @$ac['lives-at-risk'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $acost = inflation(dollars($ac), $a['when']);
    $bcost = inflation(dollars($bc), $b['when']);
    if ($acost != $bcost)
      return $acost > $bcost ? -1 : 1;
    $cmp = @$bc['jobs'] - @$ac['jobs'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['recalls'] - @$ac['recalls'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['delay-years'] - @$ac['delay-years'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['dollars-at-risk'] - @$ac['dollars-at-risk'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['delay-days'] - @$ac['delay-days'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = @$bc['remote-vulnerabilities'] - @$ac['remote-vulnerabilities'];
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = count($b['result']) - count($a['result']);
    if ($cmp)
      return $cmp;
    $cmp = strtotime($b['when']) - strtotime($a['when']);
    return $cmp;
  });

?>

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #ccc">

<?php
  $Year = intval(date('Y'));
  $bugcnt = count($Bugs);
  $i = 0;
  foreach (array_keys($Bugs) as $key)
  {
    $bug = $Bugs[$key];
    if (@$bug['omit'] === true)
    {
      continue;
    }
    $cost = $bug['cost'];
    $ageyears = $Year - intval($bug['when']);
    $inflation = pow(1.02, $ageyears);

    if ($i % 10 == 0 && $i < $bugcnt) {
?>
<tr>
  <th>#
  <th>Name
  <th>When
  <th>Cost
  <th>Impact
  <th>Cause(s)
  <th>Industry
  <th>Mitigating Factors

<?php } ?>

<tr>
  <td width="1" align="right"><?= ++$i ?>

  <td><a href="<?= eschtml($bug['refs'][0]['url']) ?>"><?= eschtml($bug['title']) ?></a>
  <td><?= eschtml($bug['when']) ?>

  <td align="right"><?= join("<br>\n", cost($cost)) ?>

  <td><?= tohtml($bug['result']) ?>

  <td><?= tohtml($bug['causes']) ?>

  <td><?= eschtml($bug['industry']) ?>

  <td><?= tohtml(@$bug['mitigating']) ?>

<?php
  }
?>

</table>

<h2>Notable Omissions</h2>
<h4>Oft-cited incidents that didn't make the cut</h4>
<dl>

  <dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_pipeline_sabotage">Soviet Trans-Siberian Gas Pipeline Sabotage by CIA Via Software</a></dt>
  <dd>
    Though software was involved and the results are disastrous the software worked as intended (by the CIA).
    There are few lessons to be learned here other than "test your software" and "don't fuck with the CIA".
  </dd>

  <dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)">'Black Monday' 1987 Wall Street Crash</a></dt>
  <dd>
      Though <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)#Causes">trading software has been a scapegoat for the 1987 Wall Street Crash in the U.S.</a>,
      the international chain of events suggests there was more going on.
  </dd>

  <dt><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet">Sabotage of Iranian Nuclear Program by Stuxnet Worm</a></dt>
  <dd>
  This is industrial sabotage and computer warfare, note-worthy in itself, but not an egregious engineering failure by itself &mdash; the attack was highly
  targeted and sophisticated.
  </dd>

  <dt><a href="http://www.eng.uab.edu/cee/faculty/ndelatte/case_studies_project/Hartford%20Civic%20Center/hartford.htm">Hartford Civic Center Arena Roof Collapse</a></dt>
  <dd>
    Though a CAD program gave improper results and thus lent a false sense of security to a flawed design,
    this is foremost an engineering and construction failure.
  </dd>

  <dt><a href=""></a></dt>
  <dd>
  </dd>

  <dt><a href=""></a></dt>
  <dd>
  </dd>

</dl>

<h2>References</h2>

<ol>
  <li><a href="http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/">THE RISKS DIGEST</a> Peter G. Neumann
  <li><a href="http://www5.in.tum.de/~huckle/bugse.html">Collection of Software Bugs</a> Prof. Thomas Huckle
  <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_bugs">List of software bugs</a> Wikipedia
  <li><a href="http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~nachumd/verify/horror.html">Software Horror Stories</a> Nachum Dershowitz
  <li><a href="http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/space2001.pdf">Systemic Factors in Software-Related Accidents</a> Nancy G. Leveson
  <li><a href="http://www.rvs.uni-bielefeld.de/publications/compendium/index.html">Computer-Related Incidents with Commercial Aircraft</a> Peter B. Ladkin, Hiroshi Sogame, Jan Hennig
  <li><a href="http://www.wired.com/software/coolapps/news/2005/11/69355?currentPage=all">History's Worst Software Bugs</a> Simson Garfinkel, 2005
  <li><a href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/space/probe/">Space FAQ - Planetary Probe History</a> Jon Leech
  <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug">Software Bug</a> Wikipedia
  <li><a href="http://nvd.nist.gov/home.cfm">National Vulnerability Database</a>
</ol>

<div style="padding:1em; padding-top:2em; text-align:center">
<hr>
Copyright 2011 Ryan Flynn &lt;parseerror@gmail.com&gt;
</div>

</body>
</html>