Rollup merge of #144885 - zachs18:ptr_guaranteed_cmp_more, r=RalfJung

Implement some more checks in `ptr_guaranteed_cmp`.

* Pointers with different residues modulo their allocations' least common alignment are never equal.
* Pointers to the same static allocation are equal if and only if they have the same offset.
* Pointers to different non-zero-sized static allocations are unequal if both point within their allocation, and not on opposite ends.

Tracking issue for `const_raw_ptr_comparison`: <rust-lang/rust#53020>

This should not affect `is_null`, the only usage of this intrinsic on stable.

Closes rust-lang/rust#144584

Author: Zalathar