image_pthreads.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "image.h"

#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"

#define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image_write.h"

#define NUM_THREADS 4

//An array of kernel matrices to be used for image convolution.  
//The indexes of these match the enumeration from the header file. ie. algorithms[BLUR] returns the kernel corresponding to a box blur.
Matrix algorithms[]={
    {{0,-1,0},{-1,4,-1},{0,-1,0}},
    {{0,-1,0},{-1,5,-1},{0,-1,0}},
    {{1/9.0,1/9.0,1/9.0},{1/9.0,1/9.0,1/9.0},{1/9.0,1/9.0,1/9.0}},
    {{1.0/16,1.0/8,1.0/16},{1.0/8,1.0/4,1.0/8},{1.0/16,1.0/8,1.0/16}},
    {{-2,-1,0},{-1,1,1},{0,1,2}},
    {{0,0,0},{0,1,0},{0,0,0}}
};

// Structure to pass data to each thread
typedef struct {
    Image* srcImage;
    Image* destImage;
    Matrix algorithm;
    int start_row;
    int end_row;
} ThreadData;

//getPixelValue - Computes the value of a specific pixel on a specific channel using the selected convolution kernel
//Parameters: srcImage:  An Image struct populated with the image being convoluted
//           x: The x coordinate of the pixel
//          y: The y coordinate of the pixel
//          bit: The color channel being manipulated
//          algorithm: The 3x3 kernel matrix to use for the convolution
//Returns: The new value for this x,y pixel and bit channel
uint8_t getPixelValue(Image* srcImage,int x,int y,int bit,Matrix algorithm){
    int px,mx,py,my,i,span;
    span=srcImage->width*srcImage->bpp;
    // for the edge pixels, just reuse the edge pixel
    px=x+1; py=y+1; mx=x-1; my=y-1;
    if (mx<0) mx=0;
    if (my<0) my=0;
    if (px>=srcImage->width) px=srcImage->width-1;
    if (py>=srcImage->height) py=srcImage->height-1;
    uint8_t result=
        algorithm[0][0]*srcImage->data[Index(mx,my,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[0][1]*srcImage->data[Index(x,my,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[0][2]*srcImage->data[Index(px,my,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[1][0]*srcImage->data[Index(mx,y,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[1][1]*srcImage->data[Index(x,y,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[1][2]*srcImage->data[Index(px,y,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[2][0]*srcImage->data[Index(mx,py,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[2][1]*srcImage->data[Index(x,py,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)]+
        algorithm[2][2]*srcImage->data[Index(px,py,srcImage->width,bit,srcImage->bpp)];
    return result;
}

// Thread function: processes a range of rows
void* convolute_thread(void* arg){
    ThreadData* data = (ThreadData*)arg;
    int row, pix, bit;
    
    // Process assigned rows
    for (row = data->start_row; row < data->end_row; row++){
        for (pix = 0; pix < data->srcImage->width; pix++){
            for (bit = 0; bit < data->srcImage->bpp; bit++){
                data->destImage->data[Index(pix,row,data->srcImage->width,bit,data->srcImage->bpp)] = 
                    getPixelValue(data->srcImage, pix, row, bit, data->algorithm);
            }
        }
    }
    
    return NULL;
}

//convolute:  Applies a kernel matrix to an image using pthreads
//Parameters: srcImage: The image being convoluted
//            destImage: A pointer to a pre-allocated structure to receive the convoluted image
//            algorithm: The kernel matrix to use for the convolution
//Returns: Nothing
void convolute(Image* srcImage, Image* destImage, Matrix algorithm){
    pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
    ThreadData thread_data[NUM_THREADS];
    int rows_per_thread = srcImage->height / NUM_THREADS;
    int i;
    
    // Create threads
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++){
        thread_data[i].srcImage = srcImage;
        thread_data[i].destImage = destImage;
        memcpy(thread_data[i].algorithm, algorithm, sizeof(Matrix));
        thread_data[i].start_row = i * rows_per_thread;
        
        // Last thread handles any remaining rows
        if (i == NUM_THREADS - 1){
            thread_data[i].end_row = srcImage->height;
        } else {
            thread_data[i].end_row = (i + 1) * rows_per_thread;
        }
        
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, convolute_thread, &thread_data[i]);
    }
    
    // Wait for all threads to complete
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++){
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
    }
}

//Usage: Prints usage information for the program
//Returns: -1
int Usage(){
    printf("Usage: image <filename> <type>\n\twhere type is one of (edge,sharpen,blur,gauss,emboss,identity)\n");
    return -1;
}

//GetKernelType: Converts the string name of a convolution into a value from the KernelTypes enumeration
//Parameters: type: A string representation of the type
//Returns: an appropriate entry from the KernelTypes enumeration, defaults to IDENTITY
enum KernelTypes GetKernelType(char* type){
    if (!strcmp(type,"edge")) return EDGE;
    else if (!strcmp(type,"sharpen")) return SHARPEN;
    else if (!strcmp(type,"blur")) return BLUR;
    else if (!strcmp(type,"gauss")) return GAUSE_BLUR;
    else if (!strcmp(type,"emboss")) return EMBOSS;
    else return IDENTITY;
}

//main:
//argv is expected to take 2 arguments.  First is the source file name (can be jpg, png, bmp, tga).  Second is the lower case name of the algorithm.
int main(int argc,char** argv){
    long t1,t2;
    t1=time(NULL);

    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(0); 
    if (argc!=3) return Usage();
    char* fileName=argv[1];
    if (!strcmp(argv[1],"pic4.jpg")&&!strcmp(argv[2],"gauss")){
        printf("You have applied a gaussian filter to Gauss which has caused a tear in the time-space continuum.\n");
    }
    enum KernelTypes type=GetKernelType(argv[2]);

    Image srcImage,destImage;   
    srcImage.data=stbi_load(fileName,&srcImage.width,&srcImage.height,&srcImage.bpp,0);
    if (!srcImage.data){
        printf("Error loading file %s.\n",fileName);
        return -1;
    }
    destImage.bpp=srcImage.bpp;
    destImage.height=srcImage.height;
    destImage.width=srcImage.width;
    destImage.data=malloc(sizeof(uint8_t)*destImage.width*destImage.bpp*destImage.height);
    
    printf("Using %d threads (pthreads version)\n", NUM_THREADS);
    convolute(&srcImage,&destImage,algorithms[type]);
    
    stbi_write_png("output.png",destImage.width,destImage.height,destImage.bpp,destImage.data,destImage.bpp*destImage.width);
    stbi_image_free(srcImage.data);
    
    free(destImage.data);
    t2=time(NULL);
    printf("Took %ld seconds\n",t2-t1);
    return 0;
}