From 5c57b8f430cc1752a365b0ecbf240c5cf2a3677e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 14:39:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/23] making  crc32c as default

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb        |  1 +
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb  | 45 ++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index ca8461354bb7..b55485149875 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1805,6 +1805,7 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file.path if file.respond_to? :path
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
+          checksum = :crc32c if checksum == nil && crc32c.nil? && md5.nil?
           crc32c = crc32c_for file, checksum, crc32c
           md5 = md5_for file, checksum, md5
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index 203e423467e5..b32f6a23c0e0 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -101,6 +101,40 @@
     _(bucket_complete.autoclass_enabled).must_equal bucket_autoclass_enabled
     _(bucket_complete.autoclass_terminal_storage_class).must_equal bucket_autoclass_terminal_storage_class
   end
+  
+  it "creates a file with checksum: :crc32c by default" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+
+    Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.rewind
+
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
+
+      mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+      mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+
+      bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+      bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name
+
+      mock.verify
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "creates a file with a StringIO and checksum: :crc32c by default" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+    new_file_contents = StringIO.new "Hello world"
+    mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+    mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "crUfeA==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+
+    bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+
+    bucket.create_file new_file_contents, new_file_name
+
+    mock.verify
+  end
 
   it "returns frozen cors" do
     bucket_complete.cors.each do |cors|
@@ -597,7 +631,7 @@
     Tempfile.create ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket_user_project.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, user_project: "test", options: {retries: 0})
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "AAAAAA==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, user_project: "test", options: {retries: 0})
 
       bucket_user_project.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -610,7 +644,7 @@
 
   it "creates an file with a StringIO" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
-    new_file_contents = StringIO.new
+    new_file_contents = StringIO.new("Hello world")
 
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
@@ -1417,6 +1451,13 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
                       event_based_hold: nil
+
+  # new_file_contents = StringIO.new
+  # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+  if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
+    crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
+  end
+
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,

From 7c7a46bb9f59435f40c8d211b16e3378f4528aa6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 14:53:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/23] refactoring

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index b55485149875..e0cd98b00300 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file.path if file.respond_to? :path
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
-          checksum = :crc32c if checksum == nil && crc32c.nil? && md5.nil?
+          checksum = :crc32c if checksum.nil? && crc32c.nil? && md5.nil?
           crc32c = crc32c_for file, checksum, crc32c
           md5 = md5_for file, checksum, md5
 

From f0c499fb8e3b7421e844f1b3b8fdcab9f2086c3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 09:06:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/23] modifying tests

---
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb                | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index b32f6a23c0e0..cf7861a4349a 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
     new_file_contents = StringIO.new "Hello world"
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "crUfeA==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -629,9 +629,11 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.create ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket_user_project.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "AAAAAA==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, user_project: "test", options: {retries: 0})
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, user_project: "test", options: {retries: 0})
 
       bucket_user_project.service.mocked_service = mock
 

From d6af83e058697c7a77d0325a4ac01b7313e57758 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 09:11:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/23] removing commented line

---
 google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index cf7861a4349a..b200f79aff0e 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1454,7 +1454,6 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
                       event_based_hold: nil
 
-  # new_file_contents = StringIO.new
   # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
   if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
     crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))

From 7563dfdee319a11f96315812217ea030cd649210 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 11:23:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/23] modifying test cases

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb |  2 ++
 .../cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb   |  4 +++
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb  |  8 +++---
 .../google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb  | 27 ++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
index dcfefc6c616d..52bf667bf976 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ def self.md5_for local_file
                 ::Digest::MD5.file(f).base64digest
               end
             else # StringIO
+              (local_file = ::File.open Pathname(local_file)) unless local_file.respond_to? :rewind
               local_file.rewind
               md5 = ::Digest::MD5.base64digest local_file.read
               local_file.rewind
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ def self.crc32c_for local_file
                 ::Digest::CRC32c.file(f).base64digest
               end
             else # StringIO
+              (local_file = ::File.open Pathname(local_file)) unless local_file.respond_to? :rewind
               local_file.rewind
               crc32c = ::Digest::CRC32c.base64digest local_file.read
               local_file.rewind
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index ce617da110e6..7fe89376cfd2 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil
+     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
+    end
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index b200f79aff0e..7b9685f1dc08 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1454,10 +1454,10 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
                       event_based_hold: nil
 
-  # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-  if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
-    crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
-  end
+    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
+    end
 
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index c304f54b3838..f801118a5e54 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -244,6 +244,26 @@
       mock.verify
     end
   end
+  
+  it "creates a file with checksum: :crc32c by default" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+
+    Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.rewind
+
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
+
+      mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+      mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+
+      bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+      bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name
+
+      mock.verify
+    end
+  end
 
   it "creates a file with attributes" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
@@ -340,9 +360,10 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.create ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket_user_project.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, user_project: "test", options: {retries: 0})
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, user_project: "test", options: {retries: 0})
 
       bucket_user_project.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -1091,6 +1112,10 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil
+    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
+    end
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,

From ba3a630dfa591eb68c0d4e4203399be7b5b5b06c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 17:30:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 06/23] Update bucket_test.rb

---
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb                | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index f801118a5e54..5f530634f16b 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -253,7 +253,6 @@
       tmpfile.rewind
 
       crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
-
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
         [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})

From fb0ac510973814844fb3e5b4cd9d9145a479152e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 05:23:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/23] closing the intentionally opened file

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb | 65 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
index 52bf667bf976..c6d3626f7a77 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
@@ -48,32 +48,55 @@ def self.verify_md5 gcloud_file, local_file
           def self.verify_crc32c gcloud_file, local_file
             gcloud_file.crc32c == crc32c_for(local_file)
           end
+          # Calculates MD5 digest using either file path or open stream.
+          def self.md5_for(local_file)
+            _digest_for(local_file, ::Digest::MD5)
+          end
 
-          def self.md5_for local_file
-            if local_file.respond_to? :to_path
-              ::File.open Pathname(local_file).to_path, "rb" do |f|
-                ::Digest::MD5.file(f).base64digest
-              end
-            else # StringIO
-              (local_file = ::File.open Pathname(local_file)) unless local_file.respond_to? :rewind
-              local_file.rewind
-              md5 = ::Digest::MD5.base64digest local_file.read
-              local_file.rewind
-              md5
-            end
+          # Calculates CRC32c digest using either file path or open stream.
+          def self.crc32c_for(local_file)
+            _digest_for(local_file, ::Digest::CRC32c)
           end
 
-          def self.crc32c_for local_file
-            if local_file.respond_to? :to_path
+          private
+
+          # @private
+          # Computes a base64-encoded digest for a local file or IO stream.
+          #
+          # This method handles two types of inputs for `local_file`:
+          # 1. A file path (String or Pathname): It efficiently streams the file
+          #    to compute the digest without loading the entire file into memory.
+          # 2. An IO-like stream (e.g., File, StringIO): It reads the stream's
+          #    content to compute the digest. The stream is rewound before and after
+          #    reading to ensure its position is not permanently changed.
+          #
+          # @param local_file [String, Pathname, IO] The local file path or IO
+          #   stream for which to compute the digest.
+          # @param digest_class [Class] The digest class to use for the
+          #   calculation (e.g., `Digest::MD5`). It must respond to `.file` and
+          #   `.base64digest`.
+          #
+          # @return [String] The base64-encoded digest of the file's content.
+          #
+          def self._digest_for(local_file, digest_class)
+            if local_file.respond_to?(:to_path)
+              # Case 1: Input is a file path (or Pathname). Use the safe block form.
               ::File.open Pathname(local_file).to_path, "rb" do |f|
-                ::Digest::CRC32c.file(f).base64digest
+                digest_class.file(f).base64digest
+              end
+            else
+              # Case 2: Input is an open stream (like File or StringIO).
+              file_to_close = nil
+              file_to_close = local_file = ::File.open(Pathname(local_file).to_path, "rb") unless local_file.respond_to?(:rewind)
+              begin
+                local_file.rewind
+                digest = digest_class.base64digest local_file.read
+                local_file.rewind
+                digest
+              ensure
+                # Only close the stream if we explicitly opened it 
+                file_to_close.close if file_to_close.respond_to?(:close) && !file_to_close.closed?
               end
-            else # StringIO
-              (local_file = ::File.open Pathname(local_file)) unless local_file.respond_to? :rewind
-              local_file.rewind
-              crc32c = ::Digest::CRC32c.base64digest local_file.read
-              local_file.rewind
-              crc32c
             end
           end
         end

From ea292dd04b6589d5a11144540b643a91fc434532 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 05:31:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/23] lintfix

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb | 22 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
index c6d3626f7a77..de807bd2dff8 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
@@ -48,18 +48,17 @@ def self.verify_md5 gcloud_file, local_file
           def self.verify_crc32c gcloud_file, local_file
             gcloud_file.crc32c == crc32c_for(local_file)
           end
+
           # Calculates MD5 digest using either file path or open stream.
-          def self.md5_for(local_file)
-            _digest_for(local_file, ::Digest::MD5)
+          def self.md5_for local_file
+            _digest_for local_file, ::Digest::MD5
           end
 
           # Calculates CRC32c digest using either file path or open stream.
-          def self.crc32c_for(local_file)
-            _digest_for(local_file, ::Digest::CRC32c)
+          def self.crc32c_for local_file
+            _digest_for local_file, ::Digest::CRC32c
           end
 
-          private
-
           # @private
           # Computes a base64-encoded digest for a local file or IO stream.
           #
@@ -78,8 +77,8 @@ def self.crc32c_for(local_file)
           #
           # @return [String] The base64-encoded digest of the file's content.
           #
-          def self._digest_for(local_file, digest_class)
-            if local_file.respond_to?(:to_path)
+          def self._digest_for local_file, digest_class
+            if local_file.respond_to? :to_path
               # Case 1: Input is a file path (or Pathname). Use the safe block form.
               ::File.open Pathname(local_file).to_path, "rb" do |f|
                 digest_class.file(f).base64digest
@@ -87,14 +86,17 @@ def self._digest_for(local_file, digest_class)
             else
               # Case 2: Input is an open stream (like File or StringIO).
               file_to_close = nil
-              file_to_close = local_file = ::File.open(Pathname(local_file).to_path, "rb") unless local_file.respond_to?(:rewind)
+              unless local_file.respond_to? :rewind
+                file_to_close = local_file = ::File.open Pathname(local_file).to_path,
+                                                         "rb"
+              end
               begin
                 local_file.rewind
                 digest = digest_class.base64digest local_file.read
                 local_file.rewind
                 digest
               ensure
-                # Only close the stream if we explicitly opened it 
+                # Only close the stream if we explicitly opened it
                 file_to_close.close if file_to_close.respond_to?(:close) && !file_to_close.closed?
               end
             end

From e8d120d522a47e4f8d2eb552abeed91f8c4abb0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 04:46:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/23] refactor

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb | 25 ++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
index de807bd2dff8..c65f33bb7c08 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/file/verifier.rb
@@ -78,27 +78,18 @@ def self.crc32c_for local_file
           # @return [String] The base64-encoded digest of the file's content.
           #
           def self._digest_for local_file, digest_class
-            if local_file.respond_to? :to_path
-              # Case 1: Input is a file path (or Pathname). Use the safe block form.
+
+            if local_file.respond_to?(:to_path) || local_file.is_a?(String)
+              # Case 1: Input is a file path (String, Pathname, or object that responds to :to_path).
               ::File.open Pathname(local_file).to_path, "rb" do |f|
                 digest_class.file(f).base64digest
               end
             else
-              # Case 2: Input is an open stream (like File or StringIO).
-              file_to_close = nil
-              unless local_file.respond_to? :rewind
-                file_to_close = local_file = ::File.open Pathname(local_file).to_path,
-                                                         "rb"
-              end
-              begin
-                local_file.rewind
-                digest = digest_class.base64digest local_file.read
-                local_file.rewind
-                digest
-              ensure
-                # Only close the stream if we explicitly opened it
-                file_to_close.close if file_to_close.respond_to?(:close) && !file_to_close.closed?
-              end
+              # Case 2: Input is an open stream (File or StringIO).
+              local_file.rewind
+              digest = digest_class.base64digest local_file.read
+              local_file.rewind
+              digest
             end
           end
         end

From ce60e6df4354b0517e44abbe1c44ed81dbb8bd26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Fri, 2 Jan 2026 13:21:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/23] fixing doc

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb               |  1 +
 .../google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb   |  6 ++----
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb         | 12 +++++-------
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb    |  7 +++----
 google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb                  |  8 ++++++++
 5 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index e0cd98b00300..dcc14eecc55e 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1805,6 +1805,7 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file.path if file.respond_to? :path
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
+          # setting crc32c as default checksum algorithm if none provided for integrity check
           checksum = :crc32c if checksum.nil? && crc32c.nil? && md5.nil?
           crc32c = crc32c_for file, checksum, crc32c
           md5 = md5_for file, checksum, md5
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index 7fe89376cfd2..9ef437030531 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -131,10 +131,8 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil
-     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
-      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
-    end
+    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index 7b9685f1dc08..f4db3bff8a0f 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -644,13 +644,13 @@
     end
   end
 
-  it "creates an file with a StringIO" do
+  it "creates a file with StringIO" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
-    new_file_contents = StringIO.new("Hello world")
-
+    new_file_contents = StringIO.new("Hello world strngio")
+    crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for new_file_contents
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -1455,9 +1455,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       event_based_hold: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
-      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
-    end
+    crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
 
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index 5f530634f16b..ccfc64876e70 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
-      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world 123"
       tmpfile.rewind
 
       crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
@@ -1112,9 +1112,8 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
-      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
-    end
+    crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
+
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
index 5d37f92feb26..f78cd5ab40cc 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
@@ -612,4 +612,12 @@ def restore_file_gapi bucket, file_name, generation=nil
     file_hash = random_file_hash(bucket, file_name, generation).to_json
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.from_json file_hash
   end
+
+  def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c
+    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
+    end
+    crc32c
+  end
 end

From 8b94669cd7b04dd3efebbd4442ead72d4e5234d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2026 11:02:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/23] fix testcase

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb      | 5 +----
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb                 | 5 +++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index dcc14eecc55e..69b3021f9ca4 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1640,10 +1640,7 @@ def file path,
         #   * `crc32c` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
         #   * `all` - Calculate and provide checksums for all available verifications.
         #
-        #   Optional. The default is `nil`. Do not provide if also providing a
-        #   corresponding `crc32c` or `md5` argument. See
-        #   [Validation](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/hashes-etags)
-        #   for more information.
+        #   Defaults to :crc32c if not provided.
         # @param [String] crc32c The CRC32c checksum of the file data, as
         #   described in [RFC 4960, Appendix
         #   B](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4960#appendix-B).
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index f4db3bff8a0f..eacc954fa044 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -125,9 +125,10 @@
   it "creates a file with a StringIO and checksum: :crc32c by default" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
     new_file_contents = StringIO.new "Hello world"
+    crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for new_file_contents
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -646,7 +647,7 @@
 
   it "creates a file with StringIO" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
-    new_file_contents = StringIO.new("Hello world strngio")
+    new_file_contents = StringIO.new("Hello world string_io")
     crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for new_file_contents
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),

From 7077e2eb22aa2526d90de5e41f434838a5a2b34b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2026 17:29:35 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 12/23] Remove unnecessary line in bucket_test.rb

---
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb                | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index ccfc64876e70..c0353aa684d3 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -298,7 +298,6 @@
     Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
       tmpfile.write "Hello world"
       tmpfile.rewind
-
       metadata = {
         "player" => "Bob",
         score: 10

From 79f420d338b58b151b6cddadf386746acc7c3fff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 12:27:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 13/23] Update documentation for checksum defaults

Clarify the default checksum behavior in documentation.
---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index 69b3021f9ca4..df2d197c2f9e 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1639,8 +1639,10 @@ def file path,
         #   * `md5` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the MD5 hash.
         #   * `crc32c` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
         #   * `all` - Calculate and provide checksums for all available verifications.
+        #   Optional. The default is `crc32c`. Do not provide if also providing a
+        #   corresponding `crc32c` or `md5` argument. See
+        #   [Validation](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/hashes-etags)
         #
-        #   Defaults to :crc32c if not provided.
         # @param [String] crc32c The CRC32c checksum of the file data, as
         #   described in [RFC 4960, Appendix
         #   B](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4960#appendix-B).

From c6558be85026af71ad8e8ba6a35a095a40cb739d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Priti Chattopadhyay <cpriti@google.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 14:18:11 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 14/23] Update documentation for checksum parameters

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index df2d197c2f9e..8dfa9f7e05df 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1642,6 +1642,7 @@ def file path,
         #   Optional. The default is `crc32c`. Do not provide if also providing a
         #   corresponding `crc32c` or `md5` argument. See
         #   [Validation](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/hashes-etags)
+        #   for more information.
         #
         # @param [String] crc32c The CRC32c checksum of the file data, as
         #   described in [RFC 4960, Appendix

From 090b64c2942b9eb8c173a31013f2bc6b2669432c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 19:48:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/23] adding disable checksum func

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb        |  4 +-
 .../cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb   |  9 ++--
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb  | 46 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb  | 47 +++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index 8dfa9f7e05df..7954fc03d908 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1806,7 +1806,9 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
           # setting crc32c as default checksum algorithm if none provided for integrity check
-          checksum = :crc32c if checksum.nil? && crc32c.nil? && md5.nil?
+          if checksum == true || [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?)
+            checksum = :crc32c
+          end
           crc32c = crc32c_for file, checksum, crc32c
           md5 = md5_for file, checksum, md5
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index 9ef437030531..d77e2124db91 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -130,15 +130,18 @@ def create_file_gapi bucket=nil, name = nil
   def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
-                      storage_class: nil
+                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
+
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
+    if checksum != false
+     crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
+    end
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
-      storage_class: storage_class }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      storage_class: storage_class, checksum: checksum }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index eacc954fa044..65536e1dd1fb 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -440,6 +440,43 @@
     end
   end
 
+  it "creates a file with no checksum" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+
+    Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.rewind
+
+      mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+      mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(checksum: false)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+
+      bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+
+      bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name, checksum: false
+      mock.verify
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "creates a file with crc32c if checksum is true" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+
+    Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.rewind
+
+      mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+      mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(checksum: true, crc32c: "e5jnUQ==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+
+      bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+
+      bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name, checksum: true
+
+      mock.verify
+    end
+  end
+
   it "creates a file with attributes" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
@@ -1453,18 +1490,19 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
-                      event_based_hold: nil
+                      event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
-
+    if checksum != false
+     crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
+    end
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
       storage_class: storage_class, temporary_hold: temporary_hold,
-      event_based_hold: event_based_hold }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      event_based_hold: event_based_hold, checksum: checksum }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index c0353aa684d3..315b4d91d177 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -264,6 +264,43 @@
     end
   end
 
+  it "creates a file with no checksum" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+
+    Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.rewind
+
+      mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+      mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(checksum: false)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+
+      bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+
+      bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name, checksum: false
+      mock.verify
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "creates a file with crc32c if checksum is true" do
+    new_file_name = random_file_path
+
+    Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.rewind
+
+      mock = Minitest::Mock.new
+      mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(checksum: true, crc32c: "e5jnUQ==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+
+      bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
+
+      bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name, checksum: true
+
+      mock.verify
+    end
+  end
+
   it "creates a file with attributes" do
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
@@ -1109,16 +1146,18 @@ def create_file_gapi bucket=nil, name = nil
   def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
-                      storage_class: nil
-    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
+                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
+    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    if checksum != false
+     crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
+    end
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
-      storage_class: storage_class }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      storage_class: storage_class, checksum: checksum }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 

From 506d92d4d3c0411c1405f359ed8ac22e151b3a42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 20:09:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/23] undo doc

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index 7954fc03d908..9fed1eab9752 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1643,7 +1643,6 @@ def file path,
         #   corresponding `crc32c` or `md5` argument. See
         #   [Validation](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/hashes-etags)
         #   for more information.
-        #
         # @param [String] crc32c The CRC32c checksum of the file data, as
         #   described in [RFC 4960, Appendix
         #   B](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4960#appendix-B).

From e66fdb08cde9c2bacc6f3013c9f95927281f838b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Jan 2026 08:34:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/23] fix test

---
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb         | 2 +-
 google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb   | 2 +-
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb               | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index d77e2124db91..2d1b13fa7068 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
-      storage_class: storage_class, checksum: checksum }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      storage_class: storage_class}.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index 65536e1dd1fb..8a424b9ab3bf 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1502,7 +1502,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
       storage_class: storage_class, temporary_hold: temporary_hold,
-      event_based_hold: event_based_hold, checksum: checksum }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      event_based_hold: event_based_hold }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index 315b4d91d177..ec770de719db 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
-      storage_class: storage_class, checksum: checksum }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      storage_class: storage_class}.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 

From 7212ef15ef0f6080e1d3f14f73bb7572e73306d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 07:58:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/23] fixing condition

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb        |  2 +-
 .../cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb   |  9 ++++----
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb  | 21 +++++++++----------
 .../google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb  |  8 +++----
 google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb           |  6 +++---
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index 9fed1eab9752..72e4c1a741b4 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
           # setting crc32c as default checksum algorithm if none provided for integrity check
-          if checksum == true || [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?)
+          if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
             checksum = :crc32c
           end
           crc32c = crc32c_for file, checksum, crc32c
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index 2d1b13fa7068..c5a68d2835b2 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -130,18 +130,17 @@ def create_file_gapi bucket=nil, name = nil
   def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
-                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
+                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil, content: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if checksum != false
-     crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
-    end
+    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
+
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
-      storage_class: storage_class}.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      storage_class: storage_class }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index 8a424b9ab3bf..5bee101961ad 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -106,14 +106,15 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
-      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+    content = "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.write content
       tmpfile.rewind
 
       crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
 
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c, content: content)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
 
       bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
       bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@
     crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for new_file_contents
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c, content: new_file_contents.read)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@
 
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "crUfeA==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "crUfeA==", content: new_file_contents.read)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -462,13 +463,13 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
-      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
+      content = "Hello world!"
+      tmpfile.write content
       tmpfile.rewind
 
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(checksum: true, crc32c: "e5jnUQ==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
-
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(content: content, checksum: true, crc32c: "e5jnUQ==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
       bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
       bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name, checksum: true
@@ -1490,12 +1491,10 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
-                      event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil
+                      event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil, content: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if checksum != false
-     crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
-    end
+    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index ec770de719db..4812e0ef757e 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1146,18 +1146,16 @@ def create_file_gapi bucket=nil, name = nil
   def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
-                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
+                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil, content: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if checksum != false
-     crc32c = set_crc32c_as_default(md5, crc32c)
-    end
+    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
       content_encoding: content_encoding, crc32c: crc32c,
       content_language: content_language, metadata: metadata,
-      storage_class: storage_class}.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+      storage_class: storage_class }.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.new(**params)
   end
 
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
index f78cd5ab40cc..b98d2a7b355f 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
@@ -613,10 +613,10 @@ def restore_file_gapi bucket, file_name, generation=nil
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.from_json file_hash
   end
 
-  def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c
+  def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    if md5.nil? && crc32c.nil?
-      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
+    if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new(content || "Hello world"))
     end
     crc32c
   end

From 45d861648f60518de141d5db1b933ba463f29f63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 08:09:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/23] fix

---
 google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index 5bee101961ad..d20f8d5927d4 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
     crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for new_file_contents
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c, content: new_file_contents.read)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
 
     mock = Minitest::Mock.new
     mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "crUfeA==", content: new_file_contents.read)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
+      [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: "crUfeA==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: new_file_contents, options: {retries: 0})
 
     bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 

From 2a4f36f67b3fa3360e6fd678332f9b2e5bd450eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 10:51:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/23] fix

---
 .../lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb             |  2 ++
 .../google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb |  4 ++--
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb       | 14 ++++++--------
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb  |  4 ++--
 google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb                |  4 ++--
 5 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index 72e4c1a741b4..bbcd243776f3 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1636,6 +1636,8 @@ def file path,
         #
         #   Acceptable values are:
         #
+        #   * true - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
+        #   * false - Do not calculate or provide a checksum.
         #   * `md5` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the MD5 hash.
         #   * `crc32c` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
         #   * `all` - Calculate and provide checksums for all available verifications.
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index c5a68d2835b2..11bf845f5d18 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ def create_file_gapi bucket=nil, name = nil
   def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
-                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil, content: nil
+                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
+    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
 
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index d20f8d5927d4..d3ba234b0c94 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -106,15 +106,14 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
-    content = "Hello world!"
-      tmpfile.write content
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
       tmpfile.rewind
 
       crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for tmpfile
 
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c, content: content)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(crc32c: crc32c)], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
 
       bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
       bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name
@@ -463,13 +462,12 @@
     new_file_name = random_file_path
 
     Tempfile.open ["google-cloud", ".txt"] do |tmpfile|
-      content = "Hello world!"
-      tmpfile.write content
+      tmpfile.write "Hello world!"
       tmpfile.rewind
 
       mock = Minitest::Mock.new
       mock.expect :insert_object, create_file_gapi(bucket.name, new_file_name),
-        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(content: content, checksum: true, crc32c: "e5jnUQ==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
+        [bucket.name, empty_file_gapi(checksum: true, crc32c: "e5jnUQ==")], **insert_object_args(name: new_file_name, upload_source: tmpfile, options: {retries: 0})
       bucket.service.mocked_service = mock
 
       bucket.create_file tmpfile, new_file_name, checksum: true
@@ -1491,10 +1489,10 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
-                      event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil, content: nil
+                      event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
+    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index 4812e0ef757e..3427e4e7aee8 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1146,10 +1146,10 @@ def create_file_gapi bucket=nil, name = nil
   def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_encoding: nil, content_language: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
-                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil, content: nil
+                      storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
-    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
+    crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
       content_disposition: content_disposition, md5_hash: md5,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
index b98d2a7b355f..3877488e55f2 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
@@ -613,10 +613,10 @@ def restore_file_gapi bucket, file_name, generation=nil
     Google::Apis::StorageV1::Object.from_json file_hash
   end
 
-  def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, content, checksum
+  def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
     if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
-      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new(content || "Hello world"))
+      crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
     end
     crc32c
   end

From 8b803fc5389e34177fa7932b5775c6ee3b3b642a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 11:28:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/23] fix

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index bbcd243776f3..c6b098f72f8b 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ def file path,
         #   changed to a time in the future. If custom_time must be unset, you
         #   must either perform a rewrite operation, or upload the data again
         #   and create a new file.
-        # @param [Symbol, nil] checksum The type of checksum for the client to
+        # @param [Symbol, nil, Boolean] checksum The type of checksum for the client to
         #   automatically calculate and send with the create request to verify
         #   the integrity of the object. If provided, Cloud Storage will only
         #   create the file if the value calculated by the client matches the
@@ -1636,8 +1636,8 @@ def file path,
         #
         #   Acceptable values are:
         #
-        #   * true - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
-        #   * false - Do not calculate or provide a checksum.
+        #   * true [Boolean] - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
+        #   * false [Boolean] - Do not calculate or provide a checksum.
         #   * `md5` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the MD5 hash.
         #   * `crc32c` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
         #   * `all` - Calculate and provide checksums for all available verifications.

From 62387c15d13d6e7b50ef3b9c80652ff3e0f3be89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 11:49:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/23] fix doc

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb    | 7 ++++---
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb    | 2 +-
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb               | 2 +-
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb          | 2 +-
 google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb                        | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index c6b098f72f8b..fcda940d0804 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1636,8 +1636,8 @@ def file path,
         #
         #   Acceptable values are:
         #
-        #   * true [Boolean] - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
-        #   * false [Boolean] - Do not calculate or provide a checksum.
+        #   * `true` [Boolean] - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
+        #   * `false` [Boolean] - Do not calculate or provide a checksum.
         #   * `md5` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the MD5 hash.
         #   * `crc32c` - Calculate and provide a checksum using the CRC32c hash.
         #   * `all` - Calculate and provide checksums for all available verifications.
@@ -1806,7 +1806,8 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file.path if file.respond_to? :path
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
-          # setting crc32c as default checksum algorithm if none provided for integrity check
+          # if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided,
+          # default to crc32c
           if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
             checksum = :crc32c
           end
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index 11bf845f5d18..120bd6fb93cb 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
-    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    # Set crc32c if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided
     crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
 
     params = {
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index d3ba234b0c94..9923facb38ab 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
                       event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil
 
-    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    # Set crc32c if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided
     crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index 3427e4e7aee8..db322274defe 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
-    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    # Set crc32c if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided
     crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
index 3877488e55f2..44b74ba8ae45 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ def restore_file_gapi bucket, file_name, generation=nil
   end
 
   def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
-    # Set crc32c if both md5 and crc32c are not provided
+    # if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided, default to crc32c
     if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
       crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
     end

From 84496d9a6453a81aa1c39da917e43d46a882108e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shubhangi Singh <shubhangisin@google.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 12:10:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/23] fix doc

---
 google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb       | 4 ++--
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb       | 3 ++-
 google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb | 3 ++-
 .../test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb             | 3 ++-
 google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb                           | 4 ++--
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
index fcda940d0804..6d71edf54e77 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/lib/google/cloud/storage/bucket.rb
@@ -1806,8 +1806,8 @@ def create_file file,
           path ||= file.path if file.respond_to? :path
           path ||= file if file.is_a? String
           raise ArgumentError, "must provide path" if path.nil?
-          # if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided,
-          # default to crc32c
+          # If no checksum type or specific value is provided, the default will be set to crc32c. 
+          # If the checksum is set to false, it will be disabled.
           if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
             checksum = :crc32c
           end
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
index 120bd6fb93cb..e7c10e8b5e04 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_encryption_test.rb
@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
-    # Set crc32c if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided
+    # If no checksum type or specific value is provided, the default will be set to crc32c. 
+    # If the checksum is set to false, it will be disabled.
     crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
 
     params = {
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
index 9923facb38ab..340283319ff0 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1491,7 +1491,8 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, temporary_hold: nil,
                       event_based_hold: nil, checksum: nil
 
-    # Set crc32c if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided
+    # If no checksum type or specific value is provided, the default will be set to crc32c. 
+    # If the checksum is set to false, it will be disabled.
     crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
index db322274defe..ea8e93c7df94 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/google/cloud/storage/lazy/bucket_test.rb
@@ -1148,7 +1148,8 @@ def empty_file_gapi cache_control: nil, content_disposition: nil,
                       content_type: nil, crc32c: nil, md5: nil, metadata: nil,
                       storage_class: nil, checksum: nil
 
-    # Set crc32c if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided
+    # If no checksum type or specific value is provided, the default will be set to crc32c. 
+    # If the checksum is set to false, it will be disabled.
     crc32c ||= set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
     params = {
       cache_control: cache_control, content_type: content_type,
diff --git a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
index 44b74ba8ae45..1f635b8b62bb 100644
--- a/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
+++ b/google-cloud-storage/test/helper.rb
@@ -614,8 +614,8 @@ def restore_file_gapi bucket, file_name, generation=nil
   end
 
   def set_crc32c_as_default md5, crc32c, checksum
-    # if no checksum type is provided, and no specific checksum is provided, default to crc32c
-    if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
+      # If no checksum type or specific value is provided, the default will be set to crc32c. 
+      # If the checksum is set to false, it will be disabled.    if [checksum, crc32c, md5].all?(&:nil?) || checksum == true
       crc32c = Google::Cloud::Storage::File::Verifier.crc32c_for(StringIO.new("Hello world"))
     end
     crc32c