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Author: sichkar-valentyn

Codes/Simple_Filtering.py

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+# Input RGB image and implementing simple filtering
+
+# Importing needed libraries
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# Creating an array from image data
+input_image = Image.open("images/eagle.jpeg")
+image_np = np.array(input_image)
+
+# Checking the type of the array
+print(type(image_np))  # <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
+# Checking the shape of the array
+print(image_np.shape)  # (270, 480, 3)
+
+# Showing image with every channel separately
+channel_0 = image_np[:, :, 0]
+channel_1 = image_np[:, :, 1]
+channel_2 = image_np[:, :, 2]
+
+# Checking if all channels are different
+print(np.array_equal(channel_0, channel_1))  # False
+print(np.array_equal(channel_1, channel_2))  # False
+
+# Creating a figure with subplots
+f, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
+# ax is (2, 2) np array and to make it easier to read we use 'flatten' function
+# Or we can call each time ax[0, 0]
+ax0, ax1, ax2, ax3 = ax.flatten()
+
+# Adjusting first subplot
+ax0.imshow(channel_0, cmap=plt.get_cmap('Reds'))
+ax0.set_xlabel('')
+ax0.set_ylabel('')
+ax0.set_title('First channel')
+
+# Adjusting second subplot
+ax1.imshow(channel_1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('Greens'))
+ax1.set_xlabel('')
+ax1.set_ylabel('')
+ax1.set_title('Second channel')
+
+# Adjusting third subplot
+ax2.imshow(channel_2, cmap=plt.get_cmap('Blues'))
+ax2.set_xlabel('')
+ax2.set_ylabel('')
+ax2.set_title('Third channel')
+
+# Adjusting fourth subplot
+ax3.imshow(image_np)
+ax3.set_xlabel('')
+ax3.set_ylabel('')
+ax3.set_title('Original image')
+
+# Function to make distance between figures
+plt.tight_layout()
+# Giving the name to the window with figure
+f.canvas.set_window_title('GreyScaled image with three identical channels')
+# Showing the plots
+plt.show()
+
+# Preparing image for Edge detection
+# Converting RGB image into GrayScale image
+# Using formula:
+# Y' = 0.299 R + 0.587 G + 0.114 B
+image_GrayScale = image_np[:, :, 0] * 0.299 + image_np[:, :, 1] * 0.587 + image_np[:, :, 2] * 0.114
+# Checking the type of the array
+print(type(image_GrayScale))  # <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
+# Checking the shape of the array
+print(image_GrayScale.shape)  # (270, 480)
+# Giving the name to the window with figure
+plt.figure('GrayScale image from RGB')
+# Showing the image by using obtained array
+plt.imshow(image_GrayScale, cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
+plt.show()
+
+# Applying to the GrayScale image Pad frame with zero values
+# Using NumPy method 'pad'
+GrayScale_image_with_pad = np.pad(image_GrayScale, (1, 1), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
+# Checking the shape
+print(GrayScale_image_with_pad.shape)  # (272, 482)
+
+# Preparing image for convolution
+# In order to get filtered image (convolved input image) in the same size, it is needed to set Hyperparameters
+# Filter (kernel) size, K_size = 3
+# Step for sliding (stride), Step = 1
+# Processing edges (zero valued frame around image), Pad = 1
+# Consequently, output image size is (width and height are the same):
+# Width_Out = (Width_In - K_size + 2*Pad)/Step + 1
+# Imagine, that input image is 5x5 spatial size (width and height), then output image:
+# Width_Out = (5 - 3 + 2*1)/1 + 1 = 5, and this is equal to input image
+
+# Preparing zero valued output arrays for filtered images (convolved images)
+# The shape is the same with input image according to the chosen Hyperparameters
+# For three filters for Edge detection and implementing it only for one GrayScale channel
+output_image_1 = np.zeros(image_GrayScale.shape)
+output_image_2 = np.zeros(image_GrayScale.shape)
+output_image_3 = np.zeros(image_GrayScale.shape)
+
+# Declaring standard filters (kernel) with size 3x3 for edge detection
+filter_1 = np.array([[1, 0, -1], [0, 0, 0], [-1, 0, 1]])
+filter_2 = np.array([[0, 1, 0], [1, -4, 1], [0, 1, 0]])
+filter_3 = np.array([[-1, -1, -1], [-1, 8, -1], [-1, -1, -1]])
+# Checking the shape
+print(filter_1.shape, filter_2.shape, filter_3.shape)
+# ((3, 3) (3, 3) (3, 3)
+
+
+# In order to prevent appearing values that are less than -1
+# Following function is declared
+def relu(array):
+    # Preparing array for output result
+    r = np.zeros_like(array)
+    # Using 'np.where' setting condition that every element in 'array' has to be more than appropriate element in 'r'
+    result = np.where(array > r, array, r)
+    # Returning resulted array
+    return result
+
+
+# In order to prevent appearing values that are more than 255
+# The following function is declared
+def image_pixels(array):
+    # Preparing array for output result
+    # Creating an empty array
+    r = np.empty(array.shape)
+    # Filling array with 255 value for all elements
+    r.fill(255)
+    # Using 'np.where' setting condition that every element in 'array' has to be less than appropriate element in 'r'
+    result = np.where(array < r, array, r)
+    # Returning resulted array
+    return result
+
+
+# Implementing convolution operation for Edge detection for GrayScale image
+# Going through all input image with pad frame
+for i in range(GrayScale_image_with_pad.shape[0] - 2):
+    for j in range(GrayScale_image_with_pad.shape[1] - 2):
+        # Extracting 3x3 patch (the same size with filter) from input image with pad frame
+        patch_from_input_image = GrayScale_image_with_pad[i:i+3, j:j+3]
+        # Applying elementwise multiplication and summation - this is convolution operation
+        # With filter_1
+        output_image_1[i, j] = np.sum(patch_from_input_image * filter_1)
+        # With filter_2
+        output_image_2[i, j] = np.sum(patch_from_input_image * filter_2)
+        # With filter_3
+        output_image_3[i, j] = np.sum(patch_from_input_image * filter_3)
+
+# Applying 'relu' and 'image_pixels' function to get rid of negative values and that ones that more than 255
+output_image_1 = image_pixels(relu(output_image_1))
+output_image_2 = image_pixels(relu(output_image_2))
+output_image_3 = image_pixels(relu(output_image_3))
+
+# Showing results on the appropriate figures
+figure_1, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=3, ncols=1)
+
+# Adjusting first subplot
+ax[0].imshow(output_image_1, cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
+ax[0].set_xlabel('')
+ax[0].set_ylabel('')
+ax[0].set_title('Edge #1')
+
+# Adjusting second subplot
+ax[1].imshow(output_image_2, cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
+ax[1].set_xlabel('')
+ax[1].set_ylabel('')
+ax[1].set_title('Edge #2')
+
+# Adjusting third subplot
+ax[2].imshow(output_image_3, cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
+ax[2].set_xlabel('')
+ax[2].set_ylabel('')
+ax[2].set_title('Edge #3')
+
+# Function to make distance between figures
+plt.tight_layout()
+# Giving the name to the window with figure
+figure_1.canvas.set_window_title('Convolution with filters (simple filtering)')
+# Showing the plots
+plt.show()