Refactor CI to run vcstool outside the Docker image

[EzraBrooks]

using vcs, or other methods of using Git, inside your Dockerfile causes all sorts of disk space and caching shenanigans.

[Bckempa]

Preliminarily nominating this for next release as part of a planned revision of the existing docker files. If it doesn't make it as part of that clean-up effort it can be descoped.

[xfiderek]

Which CI workflow and docker image are we refering to? Is it this one:
https://github.com/space-ros/docker/blob/main/.github/workflows/earthly-build.yaml

[EzraBrooks]

No, this is about removing invocations of vcs from inside Dockerfiles throughout the repository and instead calling it externally to avoid filling the Docker image up with Git metadata and having idempotency issues