diff --git a/src/internal/filepathlite/path_plan9.go b/src/internal/filepathlite/path_plan9.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef13a1b57f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/filepathlite/path_plan9.go
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package filepathlite
+
+// IsAbs reports whether the path is absolute.
+func IsAbs(path string) bool {
+	return len(path) > 0 && (path[0] == '/' || path[0] == '#')
+}
diff --git a/src/internal/filepathlite/path_unix.go b/src/internal/filepathlite/path_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9194c04ef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/filepathlite/path_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build unix || (js && wasm) || wasip1
+
+package filepathlite
+
+// IsAbs reports whether the path is absolute.
+func IsAbs(path string) bool {
+	return len(path) > 0 && path[0] == '/'
+}
diff --git a/src/internal/filepathlite/path_windows.go b/src/internal/filepathlite/path_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65a250e553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/filepathlite/path_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package filepathlite
+
+func IsPathSeparator(c uint8) bool {
+	return c == '\\' || c == '/'
+}
+
+// IsAbs reports whether the path is absolute.
+func IsAbs(path string) (b bool) {
+	l := volumeNameLen(path)
+	if l == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	// If the volume name starts with a double slash, this is an absolute path.
+	if IsPathSeparator(path[0]) && IsPathSeparator(path[1]) {
+		return true
+	}
+	path = path[l:]
+	if path == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return IsPathSeparator(path[0])
+}
+
+// volumeNameLen returns length of the leading volume name on Windows.
+// It returns 0 elsewhere.
+//
+// See:
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/io/file-path-formats
+// https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-definitive-guide-on-win32-to-nt.html
+func volumeNameLen(path string) int {
+	switch {
+	case len(path) >= 2 && path[1] == ':':
+		// Path starts with a drive letter.
+		//
+		// Not all Windows functions necessarily enforce the requirement that
+		// drive letters be in the set A-Z, and we don't try to here.
+		//
+		// We don't handle the case of a path starting with a non-ASCII character,
+		// in which case the "drive letter" might be multiple bytes long.
+		return 2
+
+	case len(path) == 0 || !IsPathSeparator(path[0]):
+		// Path does not have a volume component.
+		return 0
+
+	case pathHasPrefixFold(path, `\\.\UNC`):
+		// We're going to treat the UNC host and share as part of the volume
+		// prefix for historical reasons, but this isn't really principled;
+		// Windows's own GetFullPathName will happily remove the first
+		// component of the path in this space, converting
+		// \\.\unc\a\b\..\c into \\.\unc\a\c.
+		return uncLen(path, len(`\\.\UNC\`))
+
+	case pathHasPrefixFold(path, `\\.`) ||
+		pathHasPrefixFold(path, `\\?`) || pathHasPrefixFold(path, `\??`):
+		// Path starts with \\.\, and is a Local Device path; or
+		// path starts with \\?\ or \??\ and is a Root Local Device path.
+		//
+		// We treat the next component after the \\.\ prefix as
+		// part of the volume name, which means Clean(`\\?\c:\`)
+		// won't remove the trailing \. (See #64028.)
+		if len(path) == 3 {
+			return 3 // exactly \\.
+		}
+		_, rest, ok := cutPath(path[4:])
+		if !ok {
+			return len(path)
+		}
+		return len(path) - len(rest) - 1
+
+	case len(path) >= 2 && IsPathSeparator(path[1]):
+		// Path starts with \\, and is a UNC path.
+		return uncLen(path, 2)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// pathHasPrefixFold tests whether the path s begins with prefix,
+// ignoring case and treating all path separators as equivalent.
+// If s is longer than prefix, then s[len(prefix)] must be a path separator.
+func pathHasPrefixFold(s, prefix string) bool {
+	if len(s) < len(prefix) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(prefix); i++ {
+		if IsPathSeparator(prefix[i]) {
+			if !IsPathSeparator(s[i]) {
+				return false
+			}
+		} else if toUpper(prefix[i]) != toUpper(s[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if len(s) > len(prefix) && !IsPathSeparator(s[len(prefix)]) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// uncLen returns the length of the volume prefix of a UNC path.
+// prefixLen is the prefix prior to the start of the UNC host;
+// for example, for "//host/share", the prefixLen is len("//")==2.
+func uncLen(path string, prefixLen int) int {
+	count := 0
+	for i := prefixLen; i < len(path); i++ {
+		if IsPathSeparator(path[i]) {
+			count++
+			if count == 2 {
+				return i
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return len(path)
+}
+
+// cutPath slices path around the first path separator.
+func cutPath(path string) (before, after string, found bool) {
+	for i := range path {
+		if IsPathSeparator(path[i]) {
+			return path[:i], path[i+1:], true
+		}
+	}
+	return path, "", false
+}
+
+func toUpper(c byte) byte {
+	if 'a' <= c && c <= 'z' {
+		return c - ('a' - 'A')
+	}
+	return c
+}
diff --git a/src/os/file.go b/src/os/file.go
index e7dd214b73..a9a08af8b9 100644
--- a/src/os/file.go
+++ b/src/os/file.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package os
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"internal/filepathlite"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"runtime"
@@ -374,6 +375,112 @@ func TempDir() string {
 	return tempDir()
 }
 
+// UserCacheDir returns the default root directory to use for user-specific
+// cached data. Users should create their own application-specific subdirectory
+// within this one and use that.
+//
+// On Unix systems, it returns $XDG_CACHE_HOME as specified by
+// https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html if
+// non-empty, else $HOME/.cache.
+// On Darwin, it returns $HOME/Library/Caches.
+// On Windows, it returns %LocalAppData%.
+// On Plan 9, it returns $home/lib/cache.
+//
+// If the location cannot be determined (for example, $HOME is not defined) or
+// the path in $XDG_CACHE_HOME is relative, then it will return an error.
+func UserCacheDir() (string, error) {
+	var dir string
+
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		dir = Getenv("LocalAppData")
+		if dir == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("%LocalAppData% is not defined")
+		}
+
+	case "darwin", "ios":
+		dir = Getenv("HOME")
+		if dir == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("$HOME is not defined")
+		}
+		dir += "/Library/Caches"
+
+	case "plan9":
+		dir = Getenv("home")
+		if dir == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("$home is not defined")
+		}
+		dir += "/lib/cache"
+
+	default: // Unix
+		dir = Getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME")
+		if dir == "" {
+			dir = Getenv("HOME")
+			if dir == "" {
+				return "", errors.New("neither $XDG_CACHE_HOME nor $HOME are defined")
+			}
+			dir += "/.cache"
+		} else if !filepathlite.IsAbs(dir) {
+			return "", errors.New("path in $XDG_CACHE_HOME is relative")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dir, nil
+}
+
+// UserConfigDir returns the default root directory to use for user-specific
+// configuration data. Users should create their own application-specific
+// subdirectory within this one and use that.
+//
+// On Unix systems, it returns $XDG_CONFIG_HOME as specified by
+// https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html if
+// non-empty, else $HOME/.config.
+// On Darwin, it returns $HOME/Library/Application Support.
+// On Windows, it returns %AppData%.
+// On Plan 9, it returns $home/lib.
+//
+// If the location cannot be determined (for example, $HOME is not defined) or
+// the path in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is relative, then it will return an error.
+func UserConfigDir() (string, error) {
+	var dir string
+
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		dir = Getenv("AppData")
+		if dir == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("%AppData% is not defined")
+		}
+
+	case "darwin", "ios":
+		dir = Getenv("HOME")
+		if dir == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("$HOME is not defined")
+		}
+		dir += "/Library/Application Support"
+
+	case "plan9":
+		dir = Getenv("home")
+		if dir == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("$home is not defined")
+		}
+		dir += "/lib"
+
+	default: // Unix
+		dir = Getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME")
+		if dir == "" {
+			dir = Getenv("HOME")
+			if dir == "" {
+				return "", errors.New("neither $XDG_CONFIG_HOME nor $HOME are defined")
+			}
+			dir += "/.config"
+		} else if !filepathlite.IsAbs(dir) {
+			return "", errors.New("path in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is relative")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dir, nil
+}
+
 // UserHomeDir returns the current user's home directory.
 //
 // On Unix, including macOS, it returns the $HOME environment variable.