diff --git a/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/Cell.java b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/Cell.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f862631e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/Cell.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package cleancode.minesweeper.tobe;
+
+public class Cell {
+    public static final String CLOSED_CELL_MARK = "□";
+    public static final String OPENED_CELL_MARK = "■";
+    public static final String LAND_MINE_MARK = "☼";
+    public static final String FLAG_MARK = "⚑";
+    private boolean isLandMine = false;
+    private boolean isFlag = false;
+    private boolean isOpen = false;
+    private Integer landMineCount = 0;
+    public void open() {
+        isOpen = true;
+    }
+    public void flag() {
+        if (isOpen) return;
+        isFlag = true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isLandMine() {
+        return isLandMine;
+    }
+
+    public void applyLandMineCount(int count) {
+        landMineCount = count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isChecked() {
+        return isOpen || isFlag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        if (isOpen) {
+            if (isLandMine) return LAND_MINE_MARK;
+            if (landMineCount == 0) return OPENED_CELL_MARK;
+            return landMineCount.toString();
+        }
+        if (isFlag) return FLAG_MARK;
+        return CLOSED_CELL_MARK;
+    }
+
+    private Cell(boolean isLandMine) {
+        this.isLandMine = isLandMine;
+    }
+
+    public static Cell of(boolean isLandMine) {
+        return new Cell(isLandMine);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/MinesweeperGame.java b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/MinesweeperGame.java
index dd85c3ce0..74e915929 100644
--- a/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/MinesweeperGame.java
+++ b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/MinesweeperGame.java
@@ -1,187 +1,167 @@
 package cleancode.minesweeper.tobe;
 
+import cleancode.minesweeper.tobe.io.InputHandler;
+import cleancode.minesweeper.tobe.io.OutputHandler;
+
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Scanner;
 
 public class MinesweeperGame {
 
-    private static String[][] board = new String[8][10];
-    private static Integer[][] landMineCounts = new Integer[8][10];
-    private static boolean[][] landMines = new boolean[8][10];
+
+    public static final int COLUMN_COUNT = 8;
+    public static final int ROW_COUNT = 10;
+    public static final int LAND_MINE_COUNT = 10;
+    private static final InputHandler inputHandler = new InputHandler();
+    private static final OutputHandler outputHandler = new OutputHandler();
+    private static final Cell[][] board = new Cell[COLUMN_COUNT][ROW_COUNT];
     private static int gameStatus = 0; // 0: 게임 중, 1: 승리, -1: 패배
 
+
     public static void main(String[] args) {
-        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
-        System.out.println("지뢰찾기 게임 시작!");
-        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
-        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
-        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                board[i][j] = "□";
+        initializeBoard();
+        gameStart();
+    }
+
+    private static void gameStart() {
+        outputHandler.showStartMessage();
+        while (true) {
+            outputHandler.showBoard(board);
+            if (isGameOver()) break;
+            System.out.println();
+            Coordinates coordinates = getCoordinates();
+            getUserActionFor(coordinates);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void initializeBoard() {
+        for (int col = 0; col < COLUMN_COUNT; col++) {
+            for (int row = 0; row < ROW_COUNT; row++) {
+                board[col][row] = Cell.of(false);
             }
         }
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            int col = new Random().nextInt(10);
-            int row = new Random().nextInt(8);
-            landMines[row][col] = true;
+        for (int i = 0; i < LAND_MINE_COUNT; i++) {
+            int col = new Random().nextInt(COLUMN_COUNT);
+            int row = new Random().nextInt(ROW_COUNT);
+            board[col][row] = Cell.of(true);
         }
-        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
+        for (int col = 0; col < COLUMN_COUNT; col++) {
+            for (int row = 0; row < ROW_COUNT; row++) {
                 int count = 0;
-                if (!landMines[i][j]) {
-                    if (i - 1 >= 0 && j - 1 >= 0 && landMines[i - 1][j - 1]) {
+                Cell cell = board[col][row];
+                if (!cell.isLandMine()) {
+                    if (col - 1 >= 0 && row - 1 >= 0 && board[col - 1][row - 1].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (i - 1 >= 0 && landMines[i - 1][j]) {
+                    if (col - 1 >= 0 && board[col - 1][row].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (i - 1 >= 0 && j + 1 < 10 && landMines[i - 1][j + 1]) {
+                    if (col - 1 >= 0 && row + 1 < ROW_COUNT && board[col - 1][row + 1].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (j - 1 >= 0 && landMines[i][j - 1]) {
+                    if (row - 1 >= 0 && board[col][row - 1].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (j + 1 < 10 && landMines[i][j + 1]) {
+                    if (row + 1 < ROW_COUNT && board[col][row + 1].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (i + 1 < 8 && j - 1 >= 0 && landMines[i + 1][j - 1]) {
+                    if (col + 1 < COLUMN_COUNT && row - 1 >= 0 && board[col + 1][row - 1].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (i + 1 < 8 && landMines[i + 1][j]) {
+                    if (col + 1 < COLUMN_COUNT && board[col + 1][row].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    if (i + 1 < 8 && j + 1 < 10 && landMines[i + 1][j + 1]) {
+                    if (col + 1 < COLUMN_COUNT && row + 1 < ROW_COUNT && board[col + 1][row + 1].isLandMine()) {
                         count++;
                     }
-                    landMineCounts[i][j] = count;
-                    continue;
+                    cell.applyLandMineCount(count);
                 }
-                landMineCounts[i][j] = 0;
             }
         }
-        while (true) {
-            System.out.println("   a b c d e f g h i j");
-            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-                System.out.printf("%d  ", i + 1);
-                for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                    System.out.print(board[i][j] + " ");
-                }
-                System.out.println();
-            }
-            if (gameStatus == 1) {
-                System.out.println("지뢰를 모두 찾았습니다. GAME CLEAR!");
-                break;
-            }
-            if (gameStatus == -1) {
-                System.out.println("지뢰를 밟았습니다. GAME OVER!");
-                break;
-            }
-            System.out.println();
-            System.out.println("선택할 좌표를 입력하세요. (예: a1)");
-            String input = scanner.nextLine();
-            System.out.println("선택한 셀에 대한 행위를 선택하세요. (1: 오픈, 2: 깃발 꽂기)");
-            String input2 = scanner.nextLine();
-            char c = input.charAt(0);
-            char r = input.charAt(1);
-            int col;
-            switch (c) {
-                case 'a':
-                    col = 0;
-                    break;
-                case 'b':
-                    col = 1;
-                    break;
-                case 'c':
-                    col = 2;
-                    break;
-                case 'd':
-                    col = 3;
-                    break;
-                case 'e':
-                    col = 4;
-                    break;
-                case 'f':
-                    col = 5;
-                    break;
-                case 'g':
-                    col = 6;
-                    break;
-                case 'h':
-                    col = 7;
-                    break;
-                case 'i':
-                    col = 8;
-                    break;
-                case 'j':
-                    col = 9;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    col = -1;
-                    break;
-            }
-            int row = Character.getNumericValue(r) - 1;
-            if (input2.equals("2")) {
-                board[row][col] = "⚑";
-                boolean open = true;
-                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                        if (board[i][j].equals("□")) {
-                            open = false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if (open) {
-                    gameStatus = 1;
-                }
-            } else if (input2.equals("1")) {
-                if (landMines[row][col]) {
-                    board[row][col] = "☼";
-                    gameStatus = -1;
-                    continue;
-                } else {
-                    open(row, col);
-                }
-                boolean open = true;
-                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-                        if (board[i][j].equals("□")) {
-                            open = false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if (open) {
-                    gameStatus = 1;
-                }
-            } else {
-                System.out.println("잘못된 번호를 선택하셨습니다.");
-            }
+    }
+
+
+    private static void getUserActionFor(Coordinates coordinates) {
+        String input2 = inputHandler.getUserActionInput();
+        if (input2.equals("2")) {
+            flagOn(coordinates);
+        } else if (input2.equals("1")) {
+            openAt(coordinates);
+        } else {
+            outputHandler.showInvalidInputError();
         }
     }
 
-    private static void open(int row, int col) {
-        if (row < 0 || row >= 8 || col < 0 || col >= 10) {
+
+    private static void openAt(Coordinates coordinates) {
+        Cell cell = board[coordinates.row()][coordinates.col()];
+        cell.open();
+        if (cell.isLandMine()) {
+            gameStatus = -1;
             return;
+        } else {
+            openAt(coordinates.row(), coordinates.col());
         }
-        if (!board[row][col].equals("□")) {
-            return;
+        gameStatus = getWinningStatus();
+    }
+
+    private static void flagOn(Coordinates coordinates) {
+        Cell cell = board[coordinates.row()][coordinates.col()];
+        cell.flag();
+        gameStatus = getWinningStatus();
+    }
+
+    private static int getWinningStatus() {
+        for (int col = 0; col < COLUMN_COUNT; col++) {
+            for (int row = 0; row < ROW_COUNT; row++) {
+                if (board[col][row].isChecked()) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
         }
-        if (landMines[row][col]) {
-            return;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+
+    private static Coordinates getCoordinates() {
+        String input = inputHandler.getCoordinatesInput();
+        int c = input.charAt(0) - 'a';
+        char r = input.charAt(1);
+        int row = Character.getNumericValue(r) - 1;
+        return new Coordinates(c, row);
+    }
+
+
+    private record Coordinates(int col, int row) {
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isGameOver() {
+        if (gameStatus == 1) {
+            outputHandler.showGameClearMessage();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (gameStatus == -1) {
+            outputHandler.showGameOverMessage();
+            return true;
         }
-        if (landMineCounts[row][col] != 0) {
-            board[row][col] = String.valueOf(landMineCounts[row][col]);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static void openAt(int row, int col) {
+        if (row < 0 || row >= ROW_COUNT || col < 0 || col >= COLUMN_COUNT) {
             return;
-        } else {
-            board[row][col] = "■";
         }
-        open(row - 1, col - 1);
-        open(row - 1, col);
-        open(row - 1, col + 1);
-        open(row, col - 1);
-        open(row, col + 1);
-        open(row + 1, col - 1);
-        open(row + 1, col);
-        open(row + 1, col + 1);
+        Cell cell = board[col][row];
+        if (cell.isLandMine() || cell.isChecked()) return;
+        cell.open();
+        openAt(row - 1, col - 1);
+        openAt(row - 1, col);
+        openAt(row - 1, col + 1);
+        openAt(row, col - 1);
+        openAt(row, col + 1);
+        openAt(row + 1, col - 1);
+        openAt(row + 1, col);
+        openAt(row + 1, col + 1);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/io/InputHandler.java b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/io/InputHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01a99b7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/io/InputHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package cleancode.minesweeper.tobe.io;
+
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+public class InputHandler {
+    private Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
+    public String getUserActionInput() {
+        System.out.println("선택한 셀에 대한 행위를 선택하세요. (1: 오픈, 2: 깃발 꽂기)");
+        return scanner.nextLine();
+    }
+
+    public String getCoordinatesInput() {
+        System.out.println("선택할 좌표를 입력하세요. (예: a1)");
+        return scanner.nextLine();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/io/OutputHandler.java b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/io/OutputHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2961dd3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/cleancode/minesweeper/tobe/io/OutputHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package cleancode.minesweeper.tobe.io;
+
+import cleancode.minesweeper.tobe.Cell;
+
+public class OutputHandler {
+    public void showInvalidInputError() {
+        System.out.println("잘못된 번호를 선택하셨습니다.");
+    }
+    public void showGameOverMessage() {
+        System.out.println("지뢰를 밟았습니다. GAME OVER!");
+    }
+    public void showGameClearMessage() {
+        System.out.println("지뢰를 모두 찾았습니다. GAME CLEAR!");
+    }
+    public void showStartMessage() {
+        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
+        System.out.println("지뢰찾기 게임 시작!");
+        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
+    }
+    public void showBoard(Cell[][] board) {
+        System.out.println("   a b c d e f g h i j");
+        for (int col = 0; col < board.length; col++) {
+            System.out.printf("%d  ", col + 1);
+            for (int row = 0; row < board[0].length; row++) {
+                System.out.print(board[col][row] + " ");
+            }
+            System.out.println();
+        }
+    }
+}