diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cc23089b189..48c69842369 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,20 +10,28 @@
    [예외처리] 쉼표 외의 다른 문자를 구분자로 한 경우 IllegalArgumentException 예외를 발생시킨다.
    
    [예외처리] 입력값이 공백일 경우 IllegalArgumentException 예외를 발생시킨다.
+
+**2. [입력] 게임에 참여한 사람의 배팅 금액을 입력 받는다.**
+
+   [예외처리] 입력값이 공백일 경우 IllegalArgumentException 예외를 발생시킨다.
    
-**2. [중간 과정] 딜러와 사용자에게 카드를 2장씩 나누어준다.**
+   [예외처리] 입력값이 숫자가 아닐 경우 IllegalArgumentException 예외를 발생시킨다.
+   
+   [예외처리] 입력값이 0 이하일 경우 IllegalArgumentException 예외를 발생시킨다.
+      
+**3. [중간 과정] 딜러와 사용자에게 카드를 2장씩 나누어준다.**
 
    [카드 조건] 덱은 1개만 사용한다.(A ~ K : 13 * 4 = 52장)
    
-**3. [중간 과정] 딜러와 사용자의 최초 카드 합계를 구하며, 블랙잭 여부를 판단한다.**
+**4. [중간 과정] 딜러와 사용자의 최초 카드 합계를 구하며, 블랙잭 여부를 판단한다.**
 
    [ACE 조건] ACE가 11이어도 21이 넘지 않는 경우에는 11, 넘는 경우에는 1로 계산한다.
    
-**4. [출력] 카드 현황을 출력한다.**
+**5. [출력] 카드 현황을 출력한다.**
 
    [출력 조건] 딜러는 첫 번째 카드만 출력한다.
    
-**5. [입력] 사용자별로 카드 추가 지급 여부를 입력 받는다.**
+**6. [입력] 사용자별로 카드 추가 지급 여부를 입력 받는다.**
 
    [예외처리] y, n 외의 다른 문자일 경우 IllegalArgumentException 예외를 발생시킨다.
    
@@ -31,12 +39,12 @@
    
    [지급 조건] 사용자가 y를 입력하고, 사용자의 현재 카드 합계가 21미만일 경우에 카드를 지급한다.
    
-**6. [출력] 사용자별로 지급 현황을 출력한다.**
+**7. [출력] 사용자별로 지급 현황을 출력한다.**
     
-**7. [출력] 딜러의 카드 합계가 17 이상이 일 될 때까지 추가 지급 현황을 출력한다.**
+**8. [출력] 딜러의 카드 합계가 17 이상이 일 될 때까지 추가 지급 현황을 출력한다.**
    
-**8. [출력] 사용자별 카드 현황 및 결과를 출력한다.**
+**9. [출력] 사용자별 카드 현황 및 결과를 출력한다.**
 
-**9. [중간 과정] 최종 승패 여부를 계산한다.**
-    
-**10. [출력] 최종 승패를 출력한다.**
+**10. [중간 과정] 최종 승패 및 수익을 계산한다.**
+
+**11. [출력] 참여자별 최종 수익을 출력한다.**
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/Application.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/Application.java
index 0d4617c5165..93d2d360bb9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/Application.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/Application.java
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 public class Application {
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
-        BlackjackController blackjackController = new BlackjackController(new CardProvider());
+        BlackjackController blackjackController = new BlackjackController(new BlackjackGame(new CardProvider()));
         blackjackController.run();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/BlackjackGame.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/BlackjackGame.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..498a5205f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/BlackjackGame.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package blackjack;
+
+import static blackjack.util.ExceptionHandler.retryUntilSuccess;
+
+import blackjack.model.bet.BetAmount;
+import blackjack.model.bet.BetAmounts;
+import blackjack.model.card.CardProvider;
+import blackjack.model.card.HitCommand;
+import blackjack.model.gameresult.ProfitResult;
+import blackjack.model.user.Dealer;
+import blackjack.model.user.User;
+import blackjack.model.user.Users;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public class BlackjackGame {
+
+    private final CardProvider cardProvider;
+
+    public BlackjackGame(CardProvider cardProvider) {
+        this.cardProvider = cardProvider;
+    }
+
+    public Users createUsers(Supplier<String> readUsername) {
+        String input = readUsername.get();
+        return new Users(input);
+    }
+
+    public BetAmounts createBetAmount(Function<User, String> readBetAmount, Users users) {
+        Map<User, BetAmount> betAmounts = new HashMap<>();
+        for (User user : users.getUsers()) {
+            String input = readBetAmount.apply(user);
+            BetAmount betAmount = new BetAmount(input);
+            betAmounts.put(user, betAmount);
+        }
+        return new BetAmounts(betAmounts);
+    }
+
+    public void provideInitCards(Users users) {
+        cardProvider.provideInitCards(users);
+    }
+
+    public void hitPlayers(List<User> users, Function<User, String> readHitCommand,
+                           Consumer<User> printPlayerCards, Runnable printCantHit) {
+        for (User user : users) {
+            hitPlayer(user, readHitCommand, printPlayerCards, printCantHit);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void hitDealer(User user, Runnable printDealerHit) {
+        while (user.isHitAvailable()) {
+            cardProvider.provideOneCard(user);
+            printDealerHit.run();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ProfitResult determineWinner(Users users, BetAmounts betAmounts) {
+        return users.determineWinner(betAmounts);
+    }
+
+    public void end(Runnable closeScanner) {
+        closeScanner.run();
+    }
+
+    private void hitPlayer(User user, Function<User, String> readHitCommand, Consumer<User> printPlayerCards,
+                           Runnable printCantHit) {
+        if (!isHitAvailable(user, printCantHit)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        while (retryUntilSuccess(() -> checkY(user, readHitCommand))) {
+            cardProvider.provideOneCard(user);
+            printPlayerCards.accept(user);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkY(User user, Function<User, String> readHitCommand) {
+        String input = readHitCommand.apply(user);
+        HitCommand hitCommand = new HitCommand(input);
+        return hitCommand.isY();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isHitAvailable(User user, Runnable printCantHit) {
+        if (user.isHitAvailable()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        printCantHit.run();
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/controller/BlackjackController.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/controller/BlackjackController.java
index 03cde5fe19d..f2e571b9894 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/controller/BlackjackController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/controller/BlackjackController.java
@@ -2,27 +2,27 @@
 
 import static blackjack.util.ExceptionHandler.retryUntilSuccess;
 
-import blackjack.model.card.HitCommand;
-import blackjack.model.card.CardProvider;
-import blackjack.model.user.Dealer;
-import blackjack.model.user.Player;
-import blackjack.model.gameresult.PlayersGameResult;
+import blackjack.BlackjackGame;
+import blackjack.model.bet.BetAmounts;
+import blackjack.model.gameresult.ProfitResult;
 import blackjack.model.user.Users;
 import blackjack.view.InputView;
 import blackjack.view.OutputView;
-import java.util.List;
 
 
 public class BlackjackController {
 
-    private final CardProvider cardProvider;
+    private final BlackjackGame blackjackGame;
 
-    public BlackjackController(CardProvider cardProvider) {
-        this.cardProvider = cardProvider;
+    public BlackjackController(BlackjackGame blackjackGame) {
+        this.blackjackGame = blackjackGame;
     }
 
     public void run() {
-        Users users = retryUntilSuccess(this::createUsers);
+        Users users = retryUntilSuccess(() -> blackjackGame.createUsers(InputView::readPlayerName));
+
+        BetAmounts betAmounts = retryUntilSuccess(
+                () -> blackjackGame.createBetAmount(InputView::readBetAmount, users));
 
         provideInitCardsAndPrint(users);
 
@@ -30,58 +30,28 @@ public void run() {
 
         printHandStatus(users);
 
-        printGameResult(users);
-
-        InputView.closeScanner();
-    }
+        printProfitResult(users, betAmounts);
 
-    private Users createUsers() {
-        String input = InputView.readPlayerName();
-        return new Users(input);
+        blackjackGame.end(InputView::closeScanner);
     }
 
     private void provideInitCardsAndPrint(Users users) {
-        cardProvider.provideInitCards(users);
+        blackjackGame.provideInitCards(users);
         OutputView.printInitCards(users);
     }
 
     private void hit(Users users) {
-        List<Player> players = users.getPlayers();
-        Dealer dealer = users.getDealer();
-
-        for (Player player : players) {
-            while (retryUntilSuccess(() -> checkY(player)) && checkAddCard(player)) {
-                cardProvider.provideOneCard(player);
-                OutputView.printPlayerCards(player);
-            }
-        }
-
-        while (dealer.isHitAvailable()) {
-            cardProvider.provideOneCard(dealer);
-            OutputView.printDealerHit();
-        }
+        blackjackGame.hitPlayers(users.getPlayers(), InputView::readHitCommand, OutputView::printPlayerCards,
+                OutputView::printCantHit);
+        blackjackGame.hitDealer(users.getDealer(), OutputView::printDealerHit);
     }
 
     private void printHandStatus(Users users) {
         OutputView.printHandStatus(users);
     }
 
-    private void printGameResult(Users users) {
-        PlayersGameResult playersGameResult = users.determineWinner();
-        OutputView.printGameResult(playersGameResult, users);
-    }
-
-    private boolean checkY(Player player) {
-        String input = InputView.readCardAdd(player).trim();
-        HitCommand hitCommand = new HitCommand(input);
-        return hitCommand.isY();
-    }
-
-    private boolean checkAddCard(Player player) {
-        if (player.isHitAvailable()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        OutputView.printCantHit();
-        return false;
+    private void printProfitResult(Users users, BetAmounts betAmounts) {
+        ProfitResult profitResult = blackjackGame.determineWinner(users, betAmounts);
+        OutputView.printGameResult(profitResult, users);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmount.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmount.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b3c6ea5f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmount.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package blackjack.model.bet;
+
+public class BetAmount {
+
+    static final String ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT = "입력값은 공백일 수 없습니다.";
+    static final String ERROR_BET_AMOUNT_NOT_INTEGER = "배팅 금액은 숫자 형태로 입력해야 합니다.";
+    static final String ERROR_BET_AMOUNT_NOT_POSITIVE = "배팅 금액은 1원 이상이어야 합니다.";
+
+    private final int amount;
+
+    public BetAmount(String input) {
+        validateEmpty(input);
+        int amount = convertToInt(input);
+        validatePositive(amount);
+        this.amount = amount;
+    }
+
+    public int getAmount() {
+        return amount;
+    }
+
+    private void validateEmpty(String input) {
+        if (input.isBlank()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void validatePositive(int amount) {
+        if (amount <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_BET_AMOUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int convertToInt(String input) {
+        try {
+            return Integer.parseInt(input);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_BET_AMOUNT_NOT_INTEGER);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmounts.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmounts.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5c2f84ff10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmounts.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package blackjack.model.bet;
+
+import blackjack.model.user.User;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class BetAmounts {
+
+    private final Map<User, BetAmount> betAmounts;
+
+    public BetAmounts(Map<User, BetAmount> betAmounts) {
+        this.betAmounts = Map.copyOf(betAmounts);
+    }
+
+    public BetAmount findByUser(User user) {
+        return betAmounts.get(user);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProvider.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProvider.java
index 78ecc6bbd14..8bae24e4925 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProvider.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProvider.java
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 package blackjack.model.card;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.INIT_CARDS_END_IDX;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.INIT_CARDS_START_IDX;
-
-import blackjack.model.user.Dealer;
-import blackjack.model.user.Player;
 import blackjack.model.user.User;
 import blackjack.model.user.Users;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 public class CardProvider {
 
+    private static final int INIT_CARDS_START_IDX = 0;
+    private static final int INIT_CARDS_END_IDX = 2;
+
     private final Queue<Card> deck = new LinkedList<>();
 
     public CardProvider() {
@@ -22,24 +22,17 @@ public CardProvider() {
     }
 
     private void initDeck() {
-        List<Card> cards = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (Rank rank : Rank.values()) {
-            for (Suit suit : Suit.values()) {
-                cards.add(new Card(rank, suit));
-            }
-        }
+        List<Card> cards = Arrays.stream(Rank.values())
+                .flatMap(rank -> Arrays.stream(Suit.values())
+                        .map(suit -> new Card(rank, suit)))
+                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
         Collections.shuffle(cards);
         this.deck.addAll(cards);
     }
 
     public void provideInitCards(Users users) {
-        List<Player> players = users.getPlayers();
-        Dealer dealer = users.getDealer();
-        for (int i = INIT_CARDS_START_IDX; i < INIT_CARDS_END_IDX; i++) {
-            for (Player player : players) {
-                provideOneCard(player);
-            }
-            provideOneCard(dealer);
+        for (User user : users.getUsers()) {
+            provideTwoCard(user);
         }
     }
 
@@ -49,4 +42,10 @@ public void provideOneCard(User user) {
         }
         user.addCard(deck.poll());
     }
+
+    private void provideTwoCard(User user) {
+        for (int i = INIT_CARDS_START_IDX; i < INIT_CARDS_END_IDX; i++) {
+            provideOneCard(user);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/Hand.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/Hand.java
index e5df390ce82..338b2234533 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/Hand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/Hand.java
@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 package blackjack.model.card;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.ACE_SCORE_ONE;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.INIT_CARDS_END_IDX;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.INIT_CARDS_START_IDX;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.BLACKJACK_SCORE;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -13,6 +7,12 @@
 
 public class Hand {
 
+    private static final int BLACKJACK_SCORE = 21;
+    private static final int INIT_CARDS_START_IDX = 0;
+    private static final int INIT_CARDS_END_IDX = 2;
+    private static final int ACE_SCORE_ONE = 1;
+    private static final int ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN = 11;
+
     private final List<Card> cards;
 
     public Hand() {
@@ -55,13 +55,15 @@ public int totalScore(List<Card> cards) {
 
     private int addAceScore(List<Card> aceCards, int totalScore) {
         for (int i = 0; i < aceCards.size(); i++) {
-            if (totalScore + ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN > BLACKJACK_SCORE) {
-                totalScore += ACE_SCORE_ONE;
-                continue;
-            }
-            totalScore += ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN;
+            totalScore += calculateAceScore(totalScore);
         }
-
         return totalScore;
     }
+
+    private static int calculateAceScore(int totalScore) {
+        if (totalScore + ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN > BLACKJACK_SCORE) {
+            return ACE_SCORE_ONE;
+        }
+        return ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommand.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommand.java
index 66ba59fff6d..cc66acd52f5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommand.java
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package blackjack.model.card;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT;
-
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 public class HitCommand {
 
+    static final String ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT = "입력값은 공백일 수 없습니다.";
+    static final String ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT = "입력값은 y 또는 n만 가능합니다.";
     private static final String Y_N_REGEX = "^[yYnN]$";
 
     private final String command;
@@ -23,13 +22,13 @@ public boolean isY() {
 
     private void validateEmpty(String command) {
         if (command.isBlank()) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT.getErrorMessage());
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT);
         }
     }
 
     private void validateRegex(String command) {
         if (!Pattern.matches(Y_N_REGEX, command)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT.getErrorMessage());
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/constant/Constant.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/constant/Constant.java
deleted file mode 100644
index f2389f6895d..00000000000
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/constant/Constant.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package blackjack.model.constant;
-
-public class Constant {
-
-    public static final int DEALER_ADD_CARD_STAND = 17;
-    public static final int BLACKJACK_SCORE = 21;
-
-    public static final int INIT_CARDS_START_IDX = 0;
-    public static final int INIT_CARDS_END_IDX = 2;
-
-    public static final int ACE_SCORE_ONE = 1;
-    public static final int ACE_SCORE_ELEVEN = 11;
-
-}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/constant/ErrorMessage.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/constant/ErrorMessage.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7aa3f071b21..00000000000
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/constant/ErrorMessage.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package blackjack.model.constant;
-
-public enum ErrorMessage {
-
-    ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT("입력값은 공백일 수 없습니다."),
-    ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT("입력값은 y 또는 n만 가능합니다."),
-    ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME("플레이어의 이름은 영어 or 한글로만 이루어질 수 있습니다."),
-    ;
-
-    private final String errorMessage;
-
-    ErrorMessage(String errorMessage) {
-        this.errorMessage = errorMessage;
-    }
-
-    public String getErrorMessage() {
-        return errorMessage;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/GameResult.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/GameResult.java
index ce9e77c968b..971eeb4e916 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/GameResult.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/GameResult.java
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 package blackjack.model.gameresult;
 
+import blackjack.model.bet.BetAmount;
+
 public enum GameResult {
 
-    WIN("승"),
-    DRAW("무"),
-    LOSE("패"),
+    BLACKJACK_WIN(1.5),
+    WIN(1),
+    DRAW(0),
+    LOSE(-1),
     ;
 
-    private final String format;
+    private final double payoutRate;
 
-    GameResult(String format) {
-        this.format = format;
+    GameResult(double payoutRate) {
+        this.payoutRate = payoutRate;
     }
 
-    public String getFormat() {
-        return format;
+    public int calculateProfit(BetAmount betAmount) {
+        return (int) Math.round(betAmount.getAmount() * this.payoutRate);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/PlayersGameResult.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/PlayersGameResult.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6440361a6a7..00000000000
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/PlayersGameResult.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package blackjack.model.gameresult;
-
-import blackjack.model.user.Player;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-public record PlayersGameResult(Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/ProfitResult.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/ProfitResult.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bdd4b0bbac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/gameresult/ProfitResult.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package blackjack.model.gameresult;
+
+import blackjack.model.user.User;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public record ProfitResult(Map<User, Integer> playersProfit, int dealerProfit) {
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Dealer.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Dealer.java
index af688a7ebe6..dc05e6e1e1f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Dealer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Dealer.java
@@ -1,27 +1,20 @@
 package blackjack.model.user;
 
-import blackjack.model.constant.Constant;
-import blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult;
-import java.util.EnumMap;
-
 public class Dealer extends User {
-    private final EnumMap<GameResult, Integer> gameResults;
+
+    private static final int DEALER_ADD_CARD_STAND = 17;
 
     public Dealer() {
         super("딜러");
-        gameResults = new EnumMap<>(GameResult.class);
-    }
-
-    public EnumMap<GameResult, Integer> getGameResults() {
-        return gameResults;
     }
 
-    public void addResult(GameResult gameResult) {
-        gameResults.merge(gameResult, 1, Integer::sum);
+    @Override
+    public boolean isHitAvailable() {
+        return totalScore() < DEALER_ADD_CARD_STAND;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean isHitAvailable() {
-        return totalScore() < Constant.DEALER_ADD_CARD_STAND;
+    public boolean isPlayer() {
+        return false;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Player.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Player.java
index 56c7825c638..f2868170958 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Player.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Player.java
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 package blackjack.model.user;
 
+public class Player extends User {
 
-import blackjack.model.constant.Constant;
+    private static final int BLACKJACK_SCORE = 21;
 
-public class Player extends User {
     public Player(String name) {
         super(name);
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean isHitAvailable() {
-        return totalScore() < Constant.BLACKJACK_SCORE;
+        return totalScore() < BLACKJACK_SCORE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isPlayer() {
+        return true;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/User.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/User.java
index 6780d34b652..bedb0f9bde4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/User.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/User.java
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 package blackjack.model.user;
 
+import static blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult.BLACKJACK_WIN;
+import static blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult.DRAW;
+import static blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult.LOSE;
+import static blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult.WIN;
+
 import blackjack.model.card.Card;
 import blackjack.model.card.Hand;
+import blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult;
 import java.util.List;
 
 public abstract class User {
@@ -14,6 +20,10 @@ public User(String name) {
         this.hand = new Hand();
     }
 
+    public abstract boolean isHitAvailable();
+
+    public abstract boolean isPlayer();
+
     public String getName() {
         return name.getName();
     }
@@ -38,5 +48,47 @@ public int totalScore() {
         return hand.calculateTotalScore();
     }
 
-    public abstract boolean isHitAvailable();
+    public GameResult judge(User user) {
+        if (this.isBust() || user.isBust()) {
+            return judgeByBust();
+        }
+
+        if (this.isBlackjack() || user.isBlackjack()) {
+            return judgeByBlackjack(user);
+        }
+
+        return judgeByScore(user);
+    }
+
+    private GameResult judgeByBust() {
+        if (this.isBust()) {
+            return LOSE;
+        }
+
+        return WIN;
+    }
+
+    private GameResult judgeByBlackjack(User user) {
+        if (this.isBlackjack() && user.isBlackjack()) {
+            return DRAW;
+        }
+
+        if (this.isBlackjack()) {
+            return BLACKJACK_WIN;
+        }
+
+        return LOSE;
+    }
+
+    private GameResult judgeByScore(User user) {
+        if (this.totalScore() > user.totalScore()) {
+            return WIN;
+        }
+
+        if (this.totalScore() < user.totalScore()) {
+            return LOSE;
+        }
+
+        return DRAW;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Username.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Username.java
index f429dfb5412..96bbaa6aaaf 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Username.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Username.java
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package blackjack.model.user;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME;
-
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 public class Username {
 
+    static final String ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT = "입력값은 공백일 수 없습니다.";
+    static final String ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME = "플레이어의 이름은 영어 or 한글로만 이루어질 수 있습니다.";
     private static final String PLAYER_NAME_REGEX = "^[a-zA-Z가-힣]*$";
 
     private final String name;
@@ -23,13 +22,13 @@ public String getName() {
 
     private void validateEmpty(String name) {
         if (name.isBlank()) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT.getErrorMessage());
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT);
         }
     }
 
     private void validateRegex(String name) {
         if (!Pattern.matches(PLAYER_NAME_REGEX, name)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME.getErrorMessage());
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Users.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Users.java
index 4a00889229e..bbe1a42d784 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Users.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/model/user/Users.java
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package blackjack.model.user;
 
+import blackjack.model.bet.BetAmounts;
 import blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult;
-import blackjack.model.gameresult.PlayersGameResult;
+import blackjack.model.gameresult.ProfitResult;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -9,108 +10,55 @@
 
 public class Users {
 
-    private final List<Player> players;
-    private final Dealer dealer;
+    private static final String ERROR_DEALER_NOT_FOUND = "딜러가 존재하지 않습니다.";
+
+    private final List<User> users;
 
     public Users(List<Player> players, Dealer dealer) {
-        this.players = players;
-        this.dealer = dealer;
+        users = new ArrayList<>(players);
+        users.add(dealer);
     }
 
     public Users(String playerNames) {
-        this.players = PlayerParser.parse(playerNames);
-        this.dealer = new Dealer();
-    }
-
-    public List<Player> getPlayers() {
-        return List.copyOf(players);
-    }
-
-    public Dealer getDealer() {
-        return dealer;
+        users = new ArrayList<>(PlayerParser.parse(playerNames));
+        users.add(new Dealer());
     }
 
     public List<User> getUsers() {
-        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(List.copyOf(players));
-        users.add(dealer);
-        return users;
+        return List.copyOf(users);
     }
 
-    public PlayersGameResult determineWinner() {
-        Map<Player, GameResult> result = new HashMap<>();
-        for (Player player : players) {
-            if (calculateWhenBlackjack(player, dealer, result)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (calculateWhenBust(player, dealer, result)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            calculateWhenNormal(player, dealer, result);
-        }
-        return new PlayersGameResult(result);
+    public List<User> getPlayers() {
+        return users.stream()
+                .filter(User::isPlayer)
+                .toList();
     }
 
-    private boolean calculateWhenBlackjack(Player player, Dealer dealer, Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-        if (player.isBlackjack() && dealer.isBlackjack()) {
-            logDraw(player, dealer, result);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (player.isBlackjack()) {
-            logPlayerWin(player, dealer, result);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (dealer.isBlackjack()) {
-            logPlayerLose(player, dealer, result);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
+    public User getDealer() {
+        return users.stream()
+                .filter(user -> !user.isPlayer())
+                .findFirst()
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_DEALER_NOT_FOUND));
     }
 
-    private boolean calculateWhenBust(Player player, Dealer dealer, Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-        if (player.isBust()) {
-            logPlayerLose(player, dealer, result);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (dealer.isBust()) {
-            logPlayerWin(player, dealer, result);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
+    public ProfitResult determineWinner(BetAmounts betAmounts) {
+        Map<User, Integer> result = new HashMap<>();
+        List<User> players = getPlayers();
+        User dealer = getDealer();
 
-    private void calculateWhenNormal(Player player, Dealer dealer, Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-        if (player.totalScore() > dealer.totalScore()) {
-            logPlayerWin(player, dealer, result);
-            return;
+        for (User player : players) {
+            GameResult gameResult = player.judge(dealer);
+            int profit = gameResult.calculateProfit(betAmounts.findByUser(player));
+            result.put(player, profit);
         }
+        int dealerPayout = -getTotalPlayerProfit(result);
 
-        if (player.totalScore() < dealer.totalScore()) {
-            logPlayerLose(player, dealer, result);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        logDraw(player, dealer, result);
-    }
-
-    private void logPlayerWin(Player player, Dealer dealer, Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-        result.put(player, GameResult.WIN);
-        dealer.addResult(GameResult.LOSE);
-    }
-
-    private void logPlayerLose(Player player, Dealer dealer, Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-        result.put(player, GameResult.LOSE);
-        dealer.addResult(GameResult.WIN);
+        return new ProfitResult(result, dealerPayout);
     }
 
-    private void logDraw(Player player, Dealer dealer, Map<Player, GameResult> result) {
-        result.put(player, GameResult.DRAW);
-        dealer.addResult(GameResult.DRAW);
+    private static int getTotalPlayerProfit(Map<User, Integer> result) {
+        return result.values().stream()
+                .mapToInt(Integer::intValue)
+                .sum();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/view/InputView.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/view/InputView.java
index 577bdde668b..32d298395ae 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/view/InputView.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/view/InputView.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package blackjack.view;
 
-import blackjack.model.user.Player;
+import blackjack.model.user.User;
 import java.util.Scanner;
 
 public class InputView {
@@ -11,8 +11,13 @@ public static String readPlayerName() {
         return sc.nextLine();
     }
 
-    public static String readCardAdd(Player player) {
-        System.out.println(player.getName() + "는 한장의 카드를 더 받겠습니까?(예는 y, 아니오는 n)");
+    public static String readBetAmount(User user) {
+        System.out.println(user.getName() + "의 배팅 금액은?");
+        return sc.nextLine();
+    }
+
+    public static String readHitCommand(User user) {
+        System.out.println(user.getName() + "는 한장의 카드를 더 받겠습니까?(예는 y, 아니오는 n)");
         return sc.nextLine();
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/blackjack/view/OutputView.java b/src/main/java/blackjack/view/OutputView.java
index 688654d07bb..73826ada1a0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/blackjack/view/OutputView.java
+++ b/src/main/java/blackjack/view/OutputView.java
@@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
 package blackjack.view;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.Constant.BLACKJACK_SCORE;
-
 import blackjack.model.card.Card;
-import blackjack.model.user.Dealer;
-import blackjack.model.gameresult.GameResult;
-import blackjack.model.user.Player;
-import blackjack.model.gameresult.PlayersGameResult;
+import blackjack.model.gameresult.ProfitResult;
 import blackjack.model.user.User;
 import blackjack.model.user.Users;
-import java.util.EnumMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 public class OutputView {
+
+    private static final int BLACKJACK_SCORE = 21;
+
     public static void printInitCards(Users users) {
-        List<Player> players = users.getPlayers();
-        Dealer dealer = users.getDealer();
+        List<User> players = users.getPlayers();
+        User dealer = users.getDealer();
 
         List<String> names = players.stream()
-                .map(Player::getName)
+                .map(User::getName)
                 .toList();
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append("딜러와 ");
@@ -29,20 +26,20 @@ public static void printInitCards(Users users) {
         System.out.println(sb);
 
         printDealerCard(dealer);
-        for (Player player : players) {
+        for (User player : players) {
             printPlayerCards(player);
         }
         System.out.println();
     }
 
-    private static void printDealerCard(Dealer dealer) {
-        Card firstCard = dealer.cards().getFirst();
+    private static void printDealerCard(User user) {
+        Card firstCard = user.cards().getFirst();
         System.out.println("딜러카드: " + getCardFormat(firstCard));
     }
 
-    public static void printPlayerCards(Player player) {
-        String cardsFormat = getCardsFormat(player);
-        System.out.println(player.getName() + "카드: " + cardsFormat);
+    public static void printPlayerCards(User user) {
+        String cardsFormat = getCardsFormat(user);
+        System.out.println(user.getName() + "카드: " + cardsFormat);
     }
 
     public static void printCantHit() {
@@ -54,32 +51,28 @@ public static void printDealerHit() {
     }
 
     public static void printHandStatus(Users users) {
-        Dealer dealer = users.getDealer();
-        List<Player> players = users.getPlayers();
+        User dealer = users.getDealer();
+        List<User> players = users.getPlayers();
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 
         createHandStatusFormat(sb, dealer);
-        for (Player player : players) {
+        for (User player : players) {
             createHandStatusFormat(sb, player);
         }
         System.out.println(sb);
     }
 
-    public static void printGameResult(PlayersGameResult playersGameResult, Users users) {
+    public static void printGameResult(ProfitResult profitResult, Users users) {
         System.out.println();
-        System.out.println("## 최종 승패");
+        System.out.println("## 최종 수익");
 
-        Dealer dealer = users.getDealer();
-        EnumMap<GameResult, Integer> dealerGameResult = dealer.getGameResults();
-        System.out.println(
-                dealer.getName() + ": " + dealerGameResult.getOrDefault(GameResult.WIN, 0) + "승 " +
-                        dealerGameResult.getOrDefault(GameResult.DRAW, 0) + "무 " + dealerGameResult.getOrDefault(
-                        GameResult.LOSE, 0) + "패");
+        User dealer = users.getDealer();
+        System.out.println(dealer.getName() + ": " + profitResult.dealerProfit());
 
-        Map<Player, GameResult> result = playersGameResult.result();
-        for (Player player : users.getPlayers()) {
+        Map<User, Integer> playersProfit = profitResult.playersProfit();
+        for (User player : users.getPlayers()) {
             System.out.print(player.getName() + ": ");
-            System.out.println(result.get(player).getFormat());
+            System.out.println(playersProfit.get(player));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmountTest.java b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmountTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..647ee4236ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/bet/BetAmountTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package blackjack.model.bet;
+
+import static blackjack.model.bet.BetAmount.*;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+
+class BetAmountTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "10"})
+    @DisplayName("배팅 금액 정상 생성")
+    void createBetAmount_success(String input) {
+        //when & then
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> new BetAmount(input));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"", " "})
+    @DisplayName("입력값이 공백일 경우 예외 발생")
+    void createBetAmount_fail_when_input_is_empty(String emptyInput) {
+        //when & then
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> new BetAmount(emptyInput))
+                .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"a", "1a", "123*"})
+    @DisplayName("입력값이 숫자 형태가 아닐 경우 예외 발생")
+    void createBetAmount_fail_when_input_is_not_number(String stringInput) {
+        //when & then
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> new BetAmount(stringInput))
+                .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_BET_AMOUNT_NOT_INTEGER);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"0", "-1"})
+    @DisplayName("입력값이 0원 이하일 경우 예외 발생")
+    void createBetAmount_fail_when_input_is_not_positive(String negativeInput) {
+        //when & then
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> new BetAmount(negativeInput))
+                .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_BET_AMOUNT_NOT_POSITIVE);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/CardProviderTest.java b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProviderTest.java
similarity index 84%
rename from src/test/java/blackjack/model/CardProviderTest.java
rename to src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProviderTest.java
index 6f086bf4530..8eb0ed67b24 100644
--- a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/CardProviderTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/CardProviderTest.java
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-package blackjack.model;
+package blackjack.model.card;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-import blackjack.model.card.CardProvider;
 import blackjack.model.user.Dealer;
 import blackjack.model.user.Player;
 import blackjack.model.user.Users;
@@ -15,17 +14,19 @@ class CardProviderTest {
     @Test
     @DisplayName("딜러 및 플레이어에게 초기 카드 2장 정상 배분")
     void test_provide_init_cards() {
+        // given
         CardProvider cardProvider = new CardProvider();
 
         List<Player> players = List.of(new Player("pobi"), new Player("james"));
         Dealer dealer = new Dealer();
         Users users = new Users(players, dealer);
 
+        // when
         cardProvider.provideInitCards(users);
 
-        for (Player player : players) {
-            assertThat(player.cards().size()).isEqualTo(2);
-        }
+        // then
+        assertThat(players).allSatisfy(player ->
+                assertThat(player.cards().size()).isEqualTo(2));
         assertThat(dealer.cards().size()).isEqualTo(2);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/HandTest.java b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/HandTest.java
similarity index 91%
rename from src/test/java/blackjack/model/HandTest.java
rename to src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/HandTest.java
index 0fa5ef4c795..a84cf065793 100644
--- a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/HandTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/HandTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-package blackjack.model;
+package blackjack.model.card;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-import blackjack.model.card.Card;
-import blackjack.model.card.Hand;
-import blackjack.model.card.Rank;
-import blackjack.model.card.Suit;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/HitCommandTest.java b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommandTest.java
similarity index 56%
rename from src/test/java/blackjack/model/HitCommandTest.java
rename to src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommandTest.java
index 930073a4ddd..56c732e32c7 100644
--- a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/HitCommandTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/card/HitCommandTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-package blackjack.model;
+package blackjack.model.card;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT;
+import static blackjack.model.card.HitCommand.*;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 
-import blackjack.model.card.HitCommand;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@ void create_hitCommand_success(String hitCommand) {
         assertDoesNotThrow(() -> new HitCommand(hitCommand));
     }
 
-
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(strings = {"", " "})
     @DisplayName("공백이 입력될 경우 예외 발생")
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ void create_hitCommand_fail_when_empty_input(String emptyInput) {
         //when & then
         assertThatThrownBy(() -> new HitCommand(emptyInput))
                 .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
-                .hasMessage(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT.getErrorMessage());
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -38,6 +36,34 @@ void create_hitCommand_fail_when_invalid_input(String invalidInput) {
         //when & then
         assertThatThrownBy(() -> new HitCommand(invalidInput))
                 .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
-                .hasMessage(ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT.getErrorMessage());
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_NOT_Y_N_INPUT);
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"y", "Y"})
+    @DisplayName("입력값이 y 또는 Y일 경우 true 반환")
+    void isY_return_true_when_y_Y(String hitCommandInput) {
+        // given
+        HitCommand hitCommand = new HitCommand(hitCommandInput);
+
+        //when
+        boolean result = hitCommand.isY();
+
+        // then
+        assertThat(result).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = {"n", "N"})
+    @DisplayName("입력값이 n 또는 N일 경우 false 반환")
+    void isY_return_false_when_n_N(String hitCommandInput) {
+        // given
+        HitCommand hitCommand = new HitCommand(hitCommandInput);
+
+        //when
+        boolean result = hitCommand.isY();
+
+        // then
+        assertThat(result).isFalse();
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/PlayerParserTest.java b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/PlayerParserTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..063320841b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/PlayerParserTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package blackjack.model.user;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class PlayerParserTest {
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("플레이어 이름 파싱 및 플레이어 객체 생성")
+    void test_parse_success() {
+        String input = "pobi,james";
+
+        List<Player> players = PlayerParser.parse(input);
+
+        assertThat(players.size()).isEqualTo(2);
+        assertThat(players)
+                .extracting("name")
+                .contains("pobi", "james");
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/UsernameTest.java b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/UsernameTest.java
index 0473f81c347..52fb44b53a4 100644
--- a/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/UsernameTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/blackjack/model/user/UsernameTest.java
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package blackjack.model.user;
 
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT;
-import static blackjack.model.constant.ErrorMessage.ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME;
+import static blackjack.model.user.Username.*;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ void create_username_fail_when_empty_name(String emptyName) {
         //when & then
         assertThatThrownBy(() -> new Username(emptyName))
                 .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
-                .hasMessage(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT.getErrorMessage());
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_EMPTY_INPUT);
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
@@ -36,6 +35,6 @@ void create_username_fail_when_invalid_name(String invalidName) {
         //when & then
         assertThatThrownBy(() -> new Username(invalidName))
                 .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
-                .hasMessage(ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME.getErrorMessage());
+                .hasMessage(ERROR_INVALID_PLAYER_NAME);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file