[doc] Add host-ntp-time feature doc

Signed-off-by: Changlei Li <changlei.li@cloud.com>

Author: changlei-li

doc/content/design/host-ntp-time.md

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+---
+title: Host NTP and time config API
+layout: default
+design_doc: true
+revision: 1
+status: proposed
+---
+
+# Host NTP and time
+
+## Background
+
+There are no APIs to config the NTP and timezone on the host. Previously, users
+had to login on the host via ssh and configure NTP and time manually. The goal
+of this feature is to introduce new APIs in XAPI to support NTP and time
+configuration, especially in the scenario that users disable ssh service on the
+host. XAPI can also store the NTP and timezone configuration in XAPI DB to provide
+cache for the getter APIs.
+
+## Use cases
+
+- User can set time zone of the host via XenAPI
+- User can get valid time zones list to set via XenAPI
+- User can get the current time zone of the host via XenAPI
+- User can set custom NTP servers via XenAPI
+- User can get the current custom NTP servers via XenAPI
+- User can enable/disable NTP service via XenAPI
+- User can get the current NTP service enabled or disabled via XenAPI
+- User can set NTP to use DHCP assigned servers via XenAPI
+- User can set NTP to use custom servers via XenAPI
+- User can set NTP to use default NTP servers via XenAPI
+- User can get the DHCP assigned NTP servers via XenAPI
+- User can get status of current NTP servers via XenAPI
+- User can get NTP sync status via XenAPI
+- User can set host’s time when NTP is disabled via XenAPI
+
+## NTP configuration on the host
+
+New fields:  
+`host.ntp_mode`, enum host_ntp_mode(DHCP, Manual, Factory, Disabled)  
+`host.ntp_manual_servers`, string set  
+`host.ntp_enabled`, bool  
+
+New APIs: `host.set_ntp_mode`, `host.set_ntp_manual_servers`, `host.get_ntp_mode`,
+`host.get_ntp_manual_servers`, `host.get_ntp_servers_status`
+
+Abstract the NTP configuration to 4 modes.
+- DHCP: set NTP to use DHCP assigned NTP servers 
+- Manual: set NTP to use manual NTP servers
+- Factory: set NTP to use factory NTP servers
+- Disabled: disable NTP service
+
+### DHCP mode
+
+In this mode, NTP uses the DHCP assigned NTP servers as sources.
+
+How the NTP and DHCP interaction?
+
+On the host, dhclient executes `/etc/dhcp/dhclient.d/chrony.sh` to update the
+ntp servers when network event happens.
+- `chrony.sh` writes ntp servers to `/run/chrony-dhcp/$interface.sources`
+- Chonryd include the dir `/run/chrony-dhcp` by `sourcedir /run/chrony-dhcp` in
+the conf file
+- `chrony.sh` runs `chronyc reload sources` to reload NTP sources
+
+Then NTP sources can be updated automatically in the DHCP mode
+
+How to switch DHCP mode?
+
+Dhclient stores dhcp lease in `/var/lib/xcp/dhclient-$interface.leases`, see
+module Dhclient in `/ocaml/networkd/lib/network_utils.ml`.
+
+When switch the NTP mode to DHCP, XAPI
+- check ntp server item in the lease and fills it in chrony-dhcp files
+- Add the exec permission of `chrony.sh`
+- Remove all the NTP source items(Manual or Factory) in chronyd conf
+- Restart chronyd
+
+When switch ntp mode from dhcp to others, XAPI
+- Remove the chrony-dhcp files
+- Remove the exec permission of chrony.sh
+- Add NTP source items(Manual or Factory) in chronyd conf
+- Restart chronyd
+
+### Manual mode
+
+In this mode, NTP uses `host.ntp_manual_servers` as sources.
+
+When switch the NTP mode to Manual, XAPI
+- Remove NTP source items in chronyd conf
+- Add `host.ntp_manual_servers` as NTP source items in chronyd conf
+- Restart chronyd
+
+When `host.ntp_manual_servers` changes and `host.ntp_mode` is Manual, set chronyd
+conf with new manual servers and restart chronyd.
+
+### Factory mode
+
+In this mode, ntp uses `factory-ntp-servers` in XAPI config file. Generally the
+factory-ntp-servers will be defined by the product.
+
+### Disabled mode
+
+This mode disables NTP service on the host.
+
+### Others
+
+`host.get_ntp_servers_status` calls `chronyc -c sources` to get ntp servers status.
+Output parse:
+```
+Source mode: '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
+Source state: '*' = current synced, '+' = combined, '-' = not combined,
+'?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable
+```
+
+## Timezone configuration on the host
+
+New field: `host.timezone`, string
+
+New APIs: `host.set_timezone`, `host.get_timezone`, `host.list_timezones`
+
+The timezone is in IANA timezone database format. Timezone on the host can be
+get by `realpath /etc/localtime` which is linked to timezone file under
+`/usr/share/zoneinfo/`. It can set by link`/etc/localtime` to
+`/usr/share/zoneinfo/<timezone>`. All the valid timezones are actually the files
+under `/usr/share/zoneinfo/`.
+
+Comparing to using a fixed UTC offset, the benefit is:
+- User-friendly: familiar region names and same with most system facilities.
+- Handles daylight saving time (DST) automatically
+
+They are equivalent to the `timedatectl` commands
+```
+timedatectl set-timezone
+timedatectl status | grep "Time zone"
+timedatectl list-timezones
+```
+
+## Time on the host
+
+New API: `host.get_ntp_synchronized`, `host.set_servertime`
+
+`host.get_ntp_synchronized` shows if the system time is synchronized with NTP
+source.
+
+`host.set_servertime` offers an API to set the server time when NTP disabled.
+it accepts a ISO8601 datetime format timestamp with timezone, i.e. ends with 'Z'
+to represent the UTC or explicit UTC offset like '+05:00'.
+
+## Dbsync and restriction
+
+For the new fields in this doc, on XAPI start, dbsync will get the real host
+status and sync to XAPI DB to make the real host status and XAPI DB consistent.
+Upgrade case can also be benefited from the dbsync.
+
+If the user changes the config behind XAPI, like modify the chronyd conf directly
+via ssh, the real status on the host and XAPI DB come to inconsistent and may
+lead to unpredicted result, unless restart XAPI.
+
+## Usage examples
+
+Set NTP DHCP mode and get the status
+```python
+session.xenapi.host.set_timezone(host_ref, 'UTC')
+session.xenapi.host.set_ntp_mode(host_ref, 'DHCP')
+session.xenapi.host.get_ntp_synchronized(host_ref)
+session.xenapi.host.get_ntp_servers_status(host_ref)
+```
+
+Set NTP Manual mode and get the status
+```python
+session.xenapi.host.set_timezone(host_ref, 'Europe/London')
+servers = ['time.server1.com', 'time.server2.com', 'time.server3.com']
+session.xenapi.host.set_ntp_manual_servers(host_ref, servers)
+session.xenapi.host.set_ntp_mode(host_ref, 'Manual')
+session.xenapi.host.get_ntp_synchronized(host_ref)
+session.xenapi.host.get_ntp_servers_status(host_ref)
+```
+
+Set NTP default mode and get the status
+```python
+session.xenapi.host.set_ntp_mode(host_ref, 'Factory')
+session.xenapi.host.get_ntp_synchronized(host_ref)
+session.xenapi.host.get_ntp_servers_status(host_ref)
+```
+
+Disable NTP and set server time
+```python
+session.xenapi.host.set_timezone(host_ref, 'Europe/London')
+session.xenapi.host.set_ntp_mode(host_ref, 'Disabled')
+session.xenapi.host.set_servertime(host_ref, "20251105T16:11:55Z")
+```
+
+## APIs summary
+
+```
+host.ntp_mode
+host.ntp_manual_servers
+host.timezone
+
+host.set_timezone
+host.list_timezones
+host.get_timezone
+host.get_ntp_enabled
+host.get_ntp_synchronized
+host.set_ntp_mode
+host.get_ntp_mode
+host.set_ntp_manual_servers
+host.get_ntp_manual_servers
+host.get_ntp_servers_status
+host.set_servertime
+```