diff --git a/conn.go b/conn.go
index ef4a78bd..9990050f 100644
--- a/conn.go
+++ b/conn.go
@@ -451,12 +451,36 @@ func NewDialer(value *Dialer) *Dialer {
 	return value.SetDefaults()
 }
 
+// filterLocalAddrsByFamily filters localIPs to only include addresses matching the address family of targetIP.
+// If targetIP is nil or no local IPs are provided, we return the original list.
+// If no local IPs match the target's address family, we return an empty list.
+func filterLocalAddrsByFamily(localIPs []net.IP, targetIP net.IP) []net.IP {
+	if targetIP == nil || len(localIPs) == 0 {
+		return localIPs
+	}
+	targetIsIPv4 := targetIP.To4() != nil
+	filtered := make([]net.IP, 0, len(localIPs))
+	for _, ip := range localIPs {
+		ipIsIPv4 := ip.To4() != nil
+		if ipIsIPv4 == targetIsIPv4 {
+			filtered = append(filtered, ip)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
 // SetRandomLocalAddr sets a random local address and port for the dialer. If either localIPs or localPorts are empty,
 // the IP or port, respectively, will be un-set and the system will choose.
-func (d *Dialer) SetRandomLocalAddr(network string, localIPs []net.IP, localPorts []uint16) error {
+// If targetIP is non-nil, localIPs are filtered to match the target's address family (IPv4 or IPv6) to prevent
+// protocol mismatch errors when both IPv4 and IPv6 local addresses are configured.
+func (d *Dialer) SetRandomLocalAddr(network string, localIPs []net.IP, localPorts []uint16, targetIP net.IP) error {
 	var localIP net.IP
 	if len(localIPs) != 0 {
-		localIP = localIPs[rand.Intn(len(localIPs))]
+		candidates := filterLocalAddrsByFamily(localIPs, targetIP)
+		if len(candidates) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no selected local IPs %v match the address family of the target IP %s, so target would not be reachable", localIPs, targetIP.String())
+		}
+		localIP = candidates[rand.Intn(len(candidates))]
 	}
 	var localPort int
 	if len(localPorts) != 0 {
diff --git a/conn_localaddr_test.go b/conn_localaddr_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4440f2c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conn_localaddr_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package zgrab2
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var (
+	testIPv4a      = net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
+	testIPv4b      = net.ParseIP("192.168.1.2")
+	testIPv6a      = net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1")
+	testIPv6b      = net.ParseIP("2001:db8::2")
+	testTargetIPv4 = net.ParseIP("192.168.1.100")
+	testTargetIPv6 = net.ParseIP("2001:db8::100")
+)
+
+func TestFilterLocalAddrsByFamily_IPv4Target(t *testing.T) {
+	result := filterLocalAddrsByFamily([]net.IP{testIPv4a, testIPv6a, testIPv4b, testIPv6b}, testTargetIPv4)
+	if len(result) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 IPv4 addresses, got %d: %v", len(result), result)
+	}
+	for _, ip := range result {
+		if ip.To4() == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected only IPv4 addresses, got %s", ip)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterLocalAddrsByFamily_IPv6Target(t *testing.T) {
+	result := filterLocalAddrsByFamily([]net.IP{testIPv4a, testIPv6a, testIPv6b}, testTargetIPv6)
+	if len(result) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 IPv6 addresses, got %d: %v", len(result), result)
+	}
+	for _, ip := range result {
+		if ip.To4() != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected only IPv6 addresses, got %s", ip)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterLocalAddrsByFamily_NilTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	result := filterLocalAddrsByFamily([]net.IP{testIPv4a, testIPv6a}, nil)
+	if len(result) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected all addresses returned when target is nil, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterLocalAddrsByFamily_NoMatchFallsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	result := filterLocalAddrsByFamily([]net.IP{testIPv6a, testIPv6b}, testTargetIPv4)
+	if len(result) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty list, got %d: %v", len(result), result)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterLocalAddrsByFamily_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	result := filterLocalAddrsByFamily(nil, testTargetIPv4)
+	if len(result) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty result for nil input, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+
+	result = filterLocalAddrsByFamily([]net.IP{}, testTargetIPv4)
+	if len(result) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty result for empty input, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterLocalAddrsByFamily_AllSameFamily(t *testing.T) {
+	result := filterLocalAddrsByFamily([]net.IP{testIPv4a, testIPv4b}, testTargetIPv4)
+	if len(result) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 addresses when all match, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/processing.go b/processing.go
index ca62f0b2..7fa5445f 100644
--- a/processing.go
+++ b/processing.go
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func GetDefaultTCPDialer(flags *BaseFlags) func(ctx context.Context, t *ScanTarg
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		err := dialer.SetRandomLocalAddr("tcp", config.localAddrs, config.localPorts)
+		err := dialer.SetRandomLocalAddr("tcp", config.localAddrs, config.localPorts, t.IP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not set random local address: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func GetDefaultUDPDialer(flags *BaseFlags) func(ctx context.Context, t *ScanTarg
 	// create dialer once and reuse it
 	return func(ctx context.Context, t *ScanTarget, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		dialer := GetTimeoutConnectionDialer(flags.ConnectTimeout, flags.TargetTimeout)
-		err := dialer.SetRandomLocalAddr("udp", config.localAddrs, config.localPorts)
+		err := dialer.SetRandomLocalAddr("udp", config.localAddrs, config.localPorts, t.IP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not set random local address: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func grabTarget(ctx context.Context, input ScanTarget, m *Monitor) *Grab {
 		}
 		// resolve the target's IP here once, so it doesn't need to be resolved in each module
 		dialer := NewDialer(nil)
-		err := dialer.SetRandomLocalAddr("udp", config.localAddrs, config.localPorts)
+		err := dialer.SetRandomLocalAddr("udp", config.localAddrs, config.localPorts, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return onResolutionFailure(input, m, fmt.Errorf("could not set random local address: %w", err))
 		}