Next

Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt

@@ -905,19 +905,34 @@ Sending emails with Git is a two-part process; before you can prepare the emails
 themselves, you'll need to prepare the patches. Luckily, this is pretty simple:
 
 ----
-$ git format-patch --cover-letter -o psuh/ master..psuh
-----
-
-The `--cover-letter` parameter tells `format-patch` to create a cover letter
-template for you. You will need to fill in the template before you're ready
-to send - but for now, the template will be next to your other patches.
-
-The `-o psuh/` parameter tells `format-patch` to place the patch files into a
-directory. This is useful because `git send-email` can take a directory and
-send out all the patches from there.
-
-`master..psuh` tells `format-patch` to generate patches for the difference
-between `master` and `psuh`. It will make one patch file per commit. After you
+$ git format-patch --cover-letter -o psuh/ --base=auto psuh@{u}..psuh
+----
+
+ . The `--cover-letter` option tells `format-patch` to create a
+   cover letter template for you. You will need to fill in the
+   template before you're ready to send - but for now, the template
+   will be next to your other patches.
+
+ . The `-o psuh/` option tells `format-patch` to place the patch
+   files into a directory. This is useful because `git send-email`
+   can take a directory and send out all the patches from there.
+
+ . The `--base=auto` option tells the command to record the "base
+   commit", on which the recipient is expected to apply the patch
+   series.  The `auto` value will cause `format-patch` to compute
+   the base commit automatically, which is the merge base of tip
+   commit of the remote-tracking branch and the specified revision
+   range.
+
+ . The `psuh@{u}..psuh` option tells `format-patch` to generate
+   patches for the commits you created on the `psuh` branch since it
+   forked from its upstream (which is `origin/master` if you
+   followed the example in the "Set up your workspace" section).  If
+   you are already on the `psuh` branch, you can just say `@{u}`,
+   which means "commits on the current branch since it forked from
+   its upstream", which is the same thing.
+
+The command will make one patch file per commit. After you
 run, you can go have a look at each of the patches with your favorite text
 editor and make sure everything looks alright; however, it's not recommended to
 make code fixups via the patch file. It's a better idea to make the change the

Documentation/config/core.txt

@@ -548,12 +548,29 @@ core.whitespace::
   errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
 core.fsyncObjectFiles::
-	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
-+
-This is a total waste of time and effort on a filesystem that orders
-data writes properly, but can be useful for filesystems that do not use
-journalling (traditional UNIX filesystems) or that only journal metadata
-and not file contents (OS X's HFS+, or Linux ext3 with "data=writeback").
+	A value indicating the level of effort Git will expend in
+	trying to make objects added to the repo durable in the event
+	of an unclean system shutdown. This setting currently only
+	controls loose objects in the object store, so updates to any
+	refs or the index may not be equally durable.
++
+* `false` allows data to remain in file system caches according to
+  operating system policy, whence it may be lost if the system loses power
+  or crashes.
+* `true` triggers a data integrity flush for each loose object added to the
+  object store. This is the safest setting that is likely to ensure durability
+  across all operating systems and file systems that honor the 'fsync' system
+  call. However, this setting comes with a significant performance cost on
+  common hardware. Git does not currently fsync parent directories for
+  newly-added files, so some filesystems may still allow data to be lost on
+  system crash.
+* `batch` enables an experimental mode that uses interfaces available in some
+  operating systems to write loose object data with a minimal set of FLUSH
+  CACHE (or equivalent) commands sent to the storage controller. If the
+  operating system interfaces are not available, this mode behaves the same as
+  `true`. This mode is expected to be as safe as `true` on macOS for repos
+  stored on HFS+ or APFS filesystems and on Windows for repos stored on NTFS or
+  ReFS.
 
 core.preloadIndex::
 	Enable parallel index preload for operations like 'git diff'

Documentation/git-send-email.txt

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git send-email' [<options>] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
+'git send-email' [<options>] <file|directory>...
+'git send-email' [<options>] <format-patch options>
 'git send-email' --dump-aliases
 
 
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list.  In the
 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
-be passed to git send-email.
+be passed to git send-email, as well as options understood by
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
 
 The header of the email is configurable via command-line options.  If not
 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine

Documentation/git-stash.txt

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
-'git stash' [push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
+'git stash' [push [-p|--patch] [-S|--staged] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-m|--message <message>]
 	     [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]]
 	     [--] [<pathspec>...]]
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ stash index (e.g. the integer `n` is equivalent to `stash@{n}`).
 COMMANDS
 --------
 
-push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
+push [-p|--patch] [-S|--staged] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
 
 	Save your local modifications to a new 'stash entry' and roll them
 	back to HEAD (in the working tree and in the index).
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ subcommand from making an unwanted stash entry.  The two exceptions to this
 are `stash -p` which acts as alias for `stash push -p` and pathspec elements,
 which are allowed after a double hyphen `--` for disambiguation.
 
-save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
+save [-p|--patch] [-S|--staged] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
 
 	This option is deprecated in favour of 'git stash push'.  It
 	differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspec.
@@ -205,6 +205,16 @@ to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
 `--no-keep-index` to override this.
 
+-S::
+--staged::
+	This option is only valid for `push` and `save` commands.
++
+Stash only the changes that are currently staged. This is similar to
+basic `git commit` except the state is committed to the stash instead
+of current branch.
++
+The `--patch` option has priority over this one.
+
 --pathspec-from-file=<file>::
 	This option is only valid for `push` command.
 +
@@ -341,6 +351,24 @@ $ edit/build/test remaining parts
 $ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts'
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Saving unrelated changes for future use::
+
+When you are in the middle of massive changes and you find some
+unrelated issue that you don't want to forget to fix, you can do the
+change(s), stage them, and use `git stash push --staged` to stash them
+out for future use. This is similar to committing the staged changes,
+only the commit ends-up being in the stash and not on the current branch.
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+# ... hack hack hack ...
+$ git add --patch foo           # add unrelated changes to the index
+$ git stash push --staged       # save these changes to the stash
+# ... hack hack hack, finish curent changes ...
+$ git commit -m 'Massive'       # commit fully tested changes
+$ git switch fixup-branch       # switch to another branch
+$ git stash pop                 # to finish work on the saved changes
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
 Recovering stash entries that were cleared/dropped erroneously::
 
 If you mistakenly drop or clear stash entries, they cannot be recovered

Documentation/git-status.txt

@@ -314,6 +314,14 @@ Line                                     Notes
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 ....
 
+Stash Information
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If `--show-stash` is given, one line is printed showing the number of stash
+entries if non-zero:
+
+    # stash <N>
+
 Changed Tracked Entries
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

Makefile

@@ -305,9 +305,6 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
 #
-# Define SANE_TEXT_GREP to "-a" if you use recent versions of GNU grep
-# and egrep that are pickier when their input contains non-ASCII data.
-#
 # The TCL_PATH variable governs the location of the Tcl interpreter
 # used to optimize git-gui for your system.  Only used if NO_TCLTK
 # is not set.  Defaults to the bare 'tclsh'.
@@ -406,6 +403,8 @@ all::
 #
 # Define HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC if your platform has CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
 #
+# Define HAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE if your platform has sync_file_range.
+#
 # Define NEEDS_LIBRT if your platform requires linking with librt (glibc version
 # before 2.17) for clock_gettime and CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
 #
@@ -1884,6 +1883,10 @@ ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
+endif
+
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBRT
 	EXTLIBS += -lrt
 endif
@@ -2252,33 +2255,30 @@ command-list.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git*.txt)
 hook-list.h: generate-hooklist.sh Documentation/githooks.txt
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(SHELL_PATH) ./generate-hooklist.sh >$@
 
-SCRIPT_DEFINES = $(SHELL_PATH_SQ):$(DIFF_SQ):$(GIT_VERSION):\
-	$(localedir_SQ):$(NO_CURL):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME):$(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ):\
-	$(gitwebdir_SQ):$(PERL_PATH_SQ):$(SANE_TEXT_GREP):$(PAGER_ENV):\
+SCRIPT_DEFINES = $(SHELL_PATH_SQ):$(DIFF_SQ):\
+	$(localedir_SQ):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME):$(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ):\
+	$(gitwebdir_SQ):$(PERL_PATH_SQ):$(PAGER_ENV):\
 	$(perllibdir_SQ)
+GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
+            fi
+
 define cmd_munge_script
 sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@@DIFF@@|$(DIFF_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@@LOCALEDIR@@|$(localedir_SQ)|g' \
-    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
     -e 's/@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@/$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)/g' \
     -e $(BROKEN_PATH_FIX) \
     -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
     -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
-    -e 's|@@SANE_TEXT_GREP@@|$(SANE_TEXT_GREP)|g' \
     -e 's|@@PAGER_ENV@@|$(PAGER_ENV_SQ)|g' \
     $@.sh >$@+
 endef
 
-GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
-	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
-	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
-		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
-            fi
-
-
 $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \

builtin/branch.c

@@ -77,12 +77,11 @@ define_list_config_array(color_branch_slots);
 static int git_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	const char *slot_name;
-	struct ref_sorting **sorting_tail = (struct ref_sorting **)cb;
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "branch.sort")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		parse_ref_sorting(sorting_tail, value);
+		string_list_append(cb, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -625,7 +624,8 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	enum branch_track track;
 	struct ref_filter filter;
 	int icase = 0;
-	static struct ref_sorting *sorting = NULL, **sorting_tail = &sorting;
+	static struct ref_sorting *sorting;
+	struct string_list sorting_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct ref_format format = REF_FORMAT_INIT;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only branches that are merged")),
 		OPT_NO_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only branches that are not merged")),
 		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("list branches in columns")),
-		OPT_REF_SORT(sorting_tail),
+		OPT_REF_SORT(&sorting_options),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "points-at", &filter.points_at, N_("object"),
 			N_("print only branches of the object"), parse_opt_object_name),
 		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &icase, N_("sorting and filtering are case insensitive")),
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
-	git_config(git_branch_config, sorting_tail);
+	git_config(git_branch_config, &sorting_options);
 
 	track = git_branch_track;
 
@@ -749,8 +749,7 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 * local branches 'refs/heads/...' and finally remote-tracking
 		 * branches 'refs/remotes/...'.
 		 */
-		if (!sorting)
-			sorting = ref_default_sorting();
+		sorting = ref_sorting_options(&sorting_options);
 		ref_sorting_set_sort_flags_all(sorting, REF_SORTING_ICASE, icase);
 		ref_sorting_set_sort_flags_all(
 			sorting, REF_SORTING_DETACHED_HEAD_FIRST, 1);

builtin/for-each-ref.c

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ static char const * const for_each_ref_usage[] = {
 int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct ref_sorting *sorting = NULL, **sorting_tail = &sorting;
+	struct ref_sorting *sorting;
+	struct string_list sorting_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int maxcount = 0, icase = 0;
 	struct ref_array array;
 	struct ref_filter filter;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, N_("show only <n> matched refs")),
 		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format.format, N_("format"), N_("format to use for the output")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&format.use_color, N_("respect format colors")),
-		OPT_REF_SORT(sorting_tail),
+		OPT_REF_SORT(&sorting_options),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "points-at", &filter.points_at,
 			     N_("object"), N_("print only refs which points at the given object"),
 			     parse_opt_object_name),
@@ -70,8 +71,7 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (verify_ref_format(&format))
 		usage_with_options(for_each_ref_usage, opts);
 
-	if (!sorting)
-		sorting = ref_default_sorting();
+	sorting = ref_sorting_options(&sorting_options);
 	ref_sorting_set_sort_flags_all(sorting, REF_SORTING_ICASE, icase);
 	filter.ignore_case = icase;
 

builtin/ls-remote.c

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct transport *transport;
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	struct ref_array ref_array;
-	static struct ref_sorting *sorting = NULL, **sorting_tail = &sorting;
+	struct string_list sorting_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print remote URL")),
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BIT(0, "refs", &flags, N_("do not show peeled tags"), REF_NORMAL),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "get-url", &get_url,
 			 N_("take url.<base>.insteadOf into account")),
-		OPT_REF_SORT(sorting_tail),
+		OPT_REF_SORT(&sorting_options),
 		OPT_SET_INT_F(0, "exit-code", &status,
 			      N_("exit with exit code 2 if no matching refs are found"),
 			      2, PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE),
@@ -86,8 +86,6 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	packet_trace_identity("ls-remote");
 
-	UNLEAK(sorting);
-
 	if (argc > 1) {
 		int i;
 		CALLOC_ARRAY(pattern, argc);
@@ -139,8 +137,13 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		item->symref = xstrdup_or_null(ref->symref);
 	}
 
-	if (sorting)
+	if (sorting_options.nr) {
+		struct ref_sorting *sorting;
+
+		sorting = ref_sorting_options(&sorting_options);
 		ref_array_sort(sorting, &ref_array);
+		ref_sorting_release(sorting);
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ref_array.nr; i++) {
 		const struct ref_array_item *ref = ref_array.items[i];