CI: stabilize bindings-matrix and cross-language bindings

[cto-new]

Summary

Stabilize the bindings-matrix CI by ensuring the C++ kernel is built prior to tests, correctly wiring the shared library for Python/Node.js, and updating language bindings tests for Python and Node.js.

Details

• Build the C++ kernel in the grey_compiler step and export LD_LIBRARY_PATH for all bindings tests
• Update Python binding matrix to install with break-system-packages and use pybind11-provided properties (events_processed, current_time)
• Fix Node.js binding matrix build/test flow and align tests to the actual binding behavior
• Update telemetry collection to rely on binding-provided properties for consistency across languages
• Ensure no breaking changes to runtime APIs; changes are CI/test related