William's rust homeworks

dev-Cargo.toml

@@ -1 +1,223 @@
-dev/Cargo.toml
+# Don't edit the `bin` list manually! It is updated by `cargo dev update`. This comment line will be stripped in `rustlings init`.
+bin = [
+  { name = "intro1", path = "../exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs" },
+  { name = "intro1_sol", path = "../solutions/00_intro/intro1.rs" },
+  { name = "intro2", path = "../exercises/00_intro/intro2.rs" },
+  { name = "intro2_sol", path = "../solutions/00_intro/intro2.rs" },
+  { name = "variables1", path = "../exercises/01_variables/variables1.rs" },
+  { name = "variables1_sol", path = "../solutions/01_variables/variables1.rs" },
+  { name = "variables2", path = "../exercises/01_variables/variables2.rs" },
+  { name = "variables2_sol", path = "../solutions/01_variables/variables2.rs" },
+  { name = "variables3", path = "../exercises/01_variables/variables3.rs" },
+  { name = "variables3_sol", path = "../solutions/01_variables/variables3.rs" },
+  { name = "variables4", path = "../exercises/01_variables/variables4.rs" },
+  { name = "variables4_sol", path = "../solutions/01_variables/variables4.rs" },
+  { name = "variables5", path = "../exercises/01_variables/variables5.rs" },
+  { name = "variables5_sol", path = "../solutions/01_variables/variables5.rs" },
+  { name = "variables6", path = "../exercises/01_variables/variables6.rs" },
+  { name = "variables6_sol", path = "../solutions/01_variables/variables6.rs" },
+  { name = "functions1", path = "../exercises/02_functions/functions1.rs" },
+  { name = "functions1_sol", path = "../solutions/02_functions/functions1.rs" },
+  { name = "functions2", path = "../exercises/02_functions/functions2.rs" },
+  { name = "functions2_sol", path = "../solutions/02_functions/functions2.rs" },
+  { name = "functions3", path = "../exercises/02_functions/functions3.rs" },
+  { name = "functions3_sol", path = "../solutions/02_functions/functions3.rs" },
+  { name = "functions4", path = "../exercises/02_functions/functions4.rs" },
+  { name = "functions4_sol", path = "../solutions/02_functions/functions4.rs" },
+  { name = "functions5", path = "../exercises/02_functions/functions5.rs" },
+  { name = "functions5_sol", path = "../solutions/02_functions/functions5.rs" },
+  { name = "if1", path = "../exercises/03_if/if1.rs" },
+  { name = "if1_sol", path = "../solutions/03_if/if1.rs" },
+  { name = "if2", path = "../exercises/03_if/if2.rs" },
+  { name = "if2_sol", path = "../solutions/03_if/if2.rs" },
+  { name = "if3", path = "../exercises/03_if/if3.rs" },
+  { name = "if3_sol", path = "../solutions/03_if/if3.rs" },
+  { name = "quiz1", path = "../exercises/quizzes/quiz1.rs" },
+  { name = "quiz1_sol", path = "../solutions/quizzes/quiz1.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types1", path = "../exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types1_sol", path = "../solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types2", path = "../exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types2_sol", path = "../solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types3", path = "../exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types3_sol", path = "../solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types4", path = "../exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types4_sol", path = "../solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types5", path = "../exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types5_sol", path = "../solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types6", path = "../exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs" },
+  { name = "primitive_types6_sol", path = "../solutions/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs" },
+  { name = "vecs1", path = "../exercises/05_vecs/vecs1.rs" },
+  { name = "vecs1_sol", path = "../solutions/05_vecs/vecs1.rs" },
+  { name = "vecs2", path = "../exercises/05_vecs/vecs2.rs" },
+  { name = "vecs2_sol", path = "../solutions/05_vecs/vecs2.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics1", path = "../exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics1_sol", path = "../solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics2", path = "../exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics2_sol", path = "../solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics3", path = "../exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics3_sol", path = "../solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics4", path = "../exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics4_sol", path = "../solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics5", path = "../exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs" },
+  { name = "move_semantics5_sol", path = "../solutions/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs" },
+  { name = "structs1", path = "../exercises/07_structs/structs1.rs" },
+  { name = "structs1_sol", path = "../solutions/07_structs/structs1.rs" },
+  { name = "structs2", path = "../exercises/07_structs/structs2.rs" },
+  { name = "structs2_sol", path = "../solutions/07_structs/structs2.rs" },
+  { name = "structs3", path = "../exercises/07_structs/structs3.rs" },
+  { name = "structs3_sol", path = "../solutions/07_structs/structs3.rs" },
+  { name = "enums1", path = "../exercises/08_enums/enums1.rs" },
+  { name = "enums1_sol", path = "../solutions/08_enums/enums1.rs" },
+  { name = "enums2", path = "../exercises/08_enums/enums2.rs" },
+  { name = "enums2_sol", path = "../solutions/08_enums/enums2.rs" },
+  { name = "enums3", path = "../exercises/08_enums/enums3.rs" },
+  { name = "enums3_sol", path = "../solutions/08_enums/enums3.rs" },
+  { name = "strings1", path = "../exercises/09_strings/strings1.rs" },
+  { name = "strings1_sol", path = "../solutions/09_strings/strings1.rs" },
+  { name = "strings2", path = "../exercises/09_strings/strings2.rs" },
+  { name = "strings2_sol", path = "../solutions/09_strings/strings2.rs" },
+  { name = "strings3", path = "../exercises/09_strings/strings3.rs" },
+  { name = "strings3_sol", path = "../solutions/09_strings/strings3.rs" },
+  { name = "strings4", path = "../exercises/09_strings/strings4.rs" },
+  { name = "strings4_sol", path = "../solutions/09_strings/strings4.rs" },
+  { name = "modules1", path = "../exercises/10_modules/modules1.rs" },
+  { name = "modules1_sol", path = "../solutions/10_modules/modules1.rs" },
+  { name = "modules2", path = "../exercises/10_modules/modules2.rs" },
+  { name = "modules2_sol", path = "../solutions/10_modules/modules2.rs" },
+  { name = "modules3", path = "../exercises/10_modules/modules3.rs" },
+  { name = "modules3_sol", path = "../solutions/10_modules/modules3.rs" },
+  { name = "hashmaps1", path = "../exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs" },
+  { name = "hashmaps1_sol", path = "../solutions/11_hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs" },
+  { name = "hashmaps2", path = "../exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs" },
+  { name = "hashmaps2_sol", path = "../solutions/11_hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs" },
+  { name = "hashmaps3", path = "../exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs" },
+  { name = "hashmaps3_sol", path = "../solutions/11_hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs" },
+  { name = "quiz2", path = "../exercises/quizzes/quiz2.rs" },
+  { name = "quiz2_sol", path = "../solutions/quizzes/quiz2.rs" },
+  { name = "options1", path = "../exercises/12_options/options1.rs" },
+  { name = "options1_sol", path = "../solutions/12_options/options1.rs" },
+  { name = "options2", path = "../exercises/12_options/options2.rs" },
+  { name = "options2_sol", path = "../solutions/12_options/options2.rs" },
+  { name = "options3", path = "../exercises/12_options/options3.rs" },
+  { name = "options3_sol", path = "../solutions/12_options/options3.rs" },
+  { name = "errors1", path = "../exercises/13_error_handling/errors1.rs" },
+  { name = "errors1_sol", path = "../solutions/13_error_handling/errors1.rs" },
+  { name = "errors2", path = "../exercises/13_error_handling/errors2.rs" },
+  { name = "errors2_sol", path = "../solutions/13_error_handling/errors2.rs" },
+  { name = "errors3", path = "../exercises/13_error_handling/errors3.rs" },
+  { name = "errors3_sol", path = "../solutions/13_error_handling/errors3.rs" },
+  { name = "errors4", path = "../exercises/13_error_handling/errors4.rs" },
+  { name = "errors4_sol", path = "../solutions/13_error_handling/errors4.rs" },
+  { name = "errors5", path = "../exercises/13_error_handling/errors5.rs" },
+  { name = "errors5_sol", path = "../solutions/13_error_handling/errors5.rs" },
+  { name = "errors6", path = "../exercises/13_error_handling/errors6.rs" },
+  { name = "errors6_sol", path = "../solutions/13_error_handling/errors6.rs" },
+  { name = "generics1", path = "../exercises/14_generics/generics1.rs" },
+  { name = "generics1_sol", path = "../solutions/14_generics/generics1.rs" },
+  { name = "generics2", path = "../exercises/14_generics/generics2.rs" },
+  { name = "generics2_sol", path = "../solutions/14_generics/generics2.rs" },
+  { name = "traits1", path = "../exercises/15_traits/traits1.rs" },
+  { name = "traits1_sol", path = "../solutions/15_traits/traits1.rs" },
+  { name = "traits2", path = "../exercises/15_traits/traits2.rs" },
+  { name = "traits2_sol", path = "../solutions/15_traits/traits2.rs" },
+  { name = "traits3", path = "../exercises/15_traits/traits3.rs" },
+  { name = "traits3_sol", path = "../solutions/15_traits/traits3.rs" },
+  { name = "traits4", path = "../exercises/15_traits/traits4.rs" },
+  { name = "traits4_sol", path = "../solutions/15_traits/traits4.rs" },
+  { name = "traits5", path = "../exercises/15_traits/traits5.rs" },
+  { name = "traits5_sol", path = "../solutions/15_traits/traits5.rs" },
+  { name = "quiz3", path = "../exercises/quizzes/quiz3.rs" },
+  { name = "quiz3_sol", path = "../solutions/quizzes/quiz3.rs" },
+  { name = "lifetimes1", path = "../exercises/16_lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs" },
+  { name = "lifetimes1_sol", path = "../solutions/16_lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs" },
+  { name = "lifetimes2", path = "../exercises/16_lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs" },
+  { name = "lifetimes2_sol", path = "../solutions/16_lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs" },
+  { name = "lifetimes3", path = "../exercises/16_lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs" },
+  { name = "lifetimes3_sol", path = "../solutions/16_lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs" },
+  { name = "tests1", path = "../exercises/17_tests/tests1.rs" },
+  { name = "tests1_sol", path = "../solutions/17_tests/tests1.rs" },
+  { name = "tests2", path = "../exercises/17_tests/tests2.rs" },
+  { name = "tests2_sol", path = "../solutions/17_tests/tests2.rs" },
+  { name = "tests3", path = "../exercises/17_tests/tests3.rs" },
+  { name = "tests3_sol", path = "../solutions/17_tests/tests3.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators1", path = "../exercises/18_iterators/iterators1.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators1_sol", path = "../solutions/18_iterators/iterators1.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators2", path = "../exercises/18_iterators/iterators2.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators2_sol", path = "../solutions/18_iterators/iterators2.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators3", path = "../exercises/18_iterators/iterators3.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators3_sol", path = "../solutions/18_iterators/iterators3.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators4", path = "../exercises/18_iterators/iterators4.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators4_sol", path = "../solutions/18_iterators/iterators4.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators5", path = "../exercises/18_iterators/iterators5.rs" },
+  { name = "iterators5_sol", path = "../solutions/18_iterators/iterators5.rs" },
+  { name = "box1", path = "../exercises/19_smart_pointers/box1.rs" },
+  { name = "box1_sol", path = "../solutions/19_smart_pointers/box1.rs" },
+  { name = "rc1", path = "../exercises/19_smart_pointers/rc1.rs" },
+  { name = "rc1_sol", path = "../solutions/19_smart_pointers/rc1.rs" },
+  { name = "arc1", path = "../exercises/19_smart_pointers/arc1.rs" },
+  { name = "arc1_sol", path = "../solutions/19_smart_pointers/arc1.rs" },
+  { name = "cow1", path = "../exercises/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs" },
+  { name = "cow1_sol", path = "../solutions/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs" },
+  { name = "threads1", path = "../exercises/20_threads/threads1.rs" },
+  { name = "threads1_sol", path = "../solutions/20_threads/threads1.rs" },
+  { name = "threads2", path = "../exercises/20_threads/threads2.rs" },
+  { name = "threads2_sol", path = "../solutions/20_threads/threads2.rs" },
+  { name = "threads3", path = "../exercises/20_threads/threads3.rs" },
+  { name = "threads3_sol", path = "../solutions/20_threads/threads3.rs" },
+  { name = "macros1", path = "../exercises/21_macros/macros1.rs" },
+  { name = "macros1_sol", path = "../solutions/21_macros/macros1.rs" },
+  { name = "macros2", path = "../exercises/21_macros/macros2.rs" },
+  { name = "macros2_sol", path = "../solutions/21_macros/macros2.rs" },
+  { name = "macros3", path = "../exercises/21_macros/macros3.rs" },
+  { name = "macros3_sol", path = "../solutions/21_macros/macros3.rs" },
+  { name = "macros4", path = "../exercises/21_macros/macros4.rs" },
+  { name = "macros4_sol", path = "../solutions/21_macros/macros4.rs" },
+  { name = "clippy1", path = "../exercises/22_clippy/clippy1.rs" },
+  { name = "clippy1_sol", path = "../solutions/22_clippy/clippy1.rs" },
+  { name = "clippy2", path = "../exercises/22_clippy/clippy2.rs" },
+  { name = "clippy2_sol", path = "../solutions/22_clippy/clippy2.rs" },
+  { name = "clippy3", path = "../exercises/22_clippy/clippy3.rs" },
+  { name = "clippy3_sol", path = "../solutions/22_clippy/clippy3.rs" },
+  { name = "using_as", path = "../exercises/23_conversions/using_as.rs" },
+  { name = "using_as_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/using_as.rs" },
+  { name = "from_into", path = "../exercises/23_conversions/from_into.rs" },
+  { name = "from_into_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/from_into.rs" },
+  { name = "from_str", path = "../exercises/23_conversions/from_str.rs" },
+  { name = "from_str_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/from_str.rs" },
+  { name = "try_from_into", path = "../exercises/23_conversions/try_from_into.rs" },
+  { name = "try_from_into_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/try_from_into.rs" },
+  { name = "as_ref_mut", path = "../exercises/23_conversions/as_ref_mut.rs" },
+  { name = "as_ref_mut_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/as_ref_mut.rs" },
+]
+
+[package]
+name = "exercises"
+edition = "2024"
+# Don't publish the exercises on crates.io!
+publish = false
+
+[profile.release]
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.dev]
+panic = "abort"
+
+[lints.rust]
+# You shouldn't write unsafe code in Rustlings!
+unsafe_code = "forbid"
+# You don't need unstable features in Rustlings and shouldn't rely on them while learning Rust.
+unstable_features = "forbid"
+# Dead code warnings can't be avoided in some exercises and might distract while learning.
+dead_code = "allow"
+
+[lints.clippy]
+# You forgot a `todo!()`!
+todo = "forbid"
+# This can only happen by mistake in Rustlings.
+empty_loop = "forbid"
+# No infinite loops are needed in Rustlings.
+infinite_loop = "deny"
+# You shouldn't leak memory while still learning Rust!
+mem_forget = "deny"
+# Currently, there are no disallowed methods. This line avoids problems when developing Rustlings.
+disallowed_methods = "allow"

exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs

@@ -21,4 +21,5 @@ fn main() {
     println!("The file of this exercise is `exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs`. Have a look!");
     println!("The current exercise path will be always shown under the progress bar.");
     println!("You can click on the path to open the exercise file in your editor.");
+    println!("This is how we start.");
 }

exercises/00_intro/intro2.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 fn main() {
     // TODO: Fix the code to print "Hello world!".
-    printline!("Hello world!");
+    println!("Hello world!");
 }

exercises/01_variables/variables1.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 fn main() {
     // TODO: Add the missing keyword.
-    x = 5;
+    let x = 5;
 
-    println!("x has the value {x}");
+    println!("x has the value {x}");// format {variable}
 }

exercises/01_variables/variables2.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 fn main() {
     // TODO: Change the line below to fix the compiler error.
-    let x;
+    let x = 10;
 
     if x == 10 {
         println!("x is ten!");

exercises/01_variables/variables3.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 fn main() {
     // TODO: Change the line below to fix the compiler error.
-    let x: i32;
+    let x: i32 = 0;
 
     println!("Number {x}");
 }

exercises/01_variables/variables4.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // TODO: Fix the compiler error.
 fn main() {
-    let x = 3;
+    let mut x = 3;
     println!("Number {x}");
 
     x = 5; // Don't change this line

exercises/01_variables/variables5.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ fn main() {
     println!("Spell a number: {number}");
 
     // TODO: Fix the compiler error by changing the line below without renaming the variable.
-    number = 3;
+    let number = 3;
     println!("Number plus two is: {}", number + 2);
 }

exercises/01_variables/variables6.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // TODO: Change the line below to fix the compiler error.
-const NUMBER = 3;
+const NUMBER: i32 = 3;
 
 fn main() {
     println!("Number: {NUMBER}");

exercises/02_functions/functions1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 // TODO: Add some function with the name `call_me` without arguments or a return value.
+fn call_me() {
+    println!("Called!");
+}
 
 fn main() {
     call_me(); // Don't change this line

exercises/02_functions/functions2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // TODO: Add the missing type of the argument `num` after the colon `:`.
-fn call_me(num:) {
+fn call_me(num: i32) {
     for i in 0..num {
         println!("Ring! Call number {}", i + 1);
     }

exercises/02_functions/functions3.rs

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ fn call_me(num: u8) {
 
 fn main() {
     // TODO: Fix the function call.
-    call_me();
+    call_me(3);
 }

exercises/02_functions/functions4.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fn is_even(num: i64) -> bool {
 }
 
 // TODO: Fix the function signature.
-fn sale_price(price: i64) -> {
+fn sale_price(price: i64) -> i64{
     if is_even(price) {
         price - 10
     } else {

exercises/02_functions/functions5.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // TODO: Fix the function body without changing the signature.
 fn square(num: i32) -> i32 {
-    num * num;
+    num * num
 }
 
 fn main() {

exercises/03_if/if1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
+    if a > b {
+        a
+    } else {
+        b
+    }
     // TODO: Complete this function to return the bigger number!
     // If both numbers are equal, any of them can be returned.
     // Do not use:
@@ -7,7 +12,7 @@ fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    // You can optionally experiment here.
+    println!("The bigger number is {}", bigger(89,30));// You can optionally experiment here.
 }
 
 // Don't mind this for now :)

exercises/03_if/if2.rs

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 fn picky_eater(food: &str) -> &str {
     if food == "strawberry" {
         "Yummy!"
+    } else if food == "potato" {
+        "I guess I can eat that."
     } else {
-        1
+        "No thanks!"
     }
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    // You can optionally experiment here.
+    println!("The food is {}", picky_eater("strawberry"));
 }
 
 // TODO: Read the tests to understand the desired behavior.

exercises/03_if/if3.rs

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ fn animal_habitat(animal: &str) -> &str {
     let identifier = if animal == "crab" {
         1
     } else if animal == "gopher" {
-        2.0
+        2
     } else if animal == "snake" {
         3
     } else {
-        "Unknown"
+        4
     };
 
     // Don't change the expression below!
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ fn animal_habitat(animal: &str) -> &str {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    // You can optionally experiment here.
+    let animal: &str = "gopher";
+    println!("The habitat of a {animal} is {}", animal_habitat(animal));
+// You can optionally experiment here.
 }
 
 // Don't change the tests!

exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ fn main() {
     // TODO: Define a boolean variable with the name `is_evening` before the `if` statement below.
     // The value of the variable should be the negation (opposite) of `is_morning`.
     // let …
+    let is_evening = !is_morning;
     if is_evening {
         println!("Good evening!");
     }