[CMake] Add conditional C++17 standard requirement for CUDA 13.1+

[loumalouomega]

Summary

This PR adds conditional C++17 standard configuration for CUDA 13.1 and later versions to support the updated Thrust/CCCL library requirements.

Changes

• Parse CUDA Toolkit version to detect CUDA 13.1+
• Set CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD and CMAKE_CUDA_STANDARD to 17 when CUDA 13.1 or later is detected
• Add version-aware message logging for C++ standard selection

Motivation

CUDA 13.1 introduced a breaking change where the bundled Thrust/CCCL library requires at least C++17. Building with the previous C++14 standard results in compilation errors:

fatal error C1189: #error:  Thrust requires at least C++17

Compatibility

• Maintains backward compatibility with CUDA 12.x (which doesn't require C++17)
• Only applies C++17 requirement when CUDA 13.1+ is detected
• Works with CUDA 13.1, 13.2, and future versions

Testing

• ✅ Successfully builds with CUDA 13.1.115 on Windows with Visual Studio 2022
• ✅ Resolves all Thrust C++ dialect compilation errors

[loumalouomega]

Anyone?¿