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Terminology
SBC stands for Single Board Computer. The ZNP-GIGA board is such a SBC, as for example a Raspberry Pi is. It contains everything a computer needs to function, like a processor, RAM and storage. In this case (like in most others), the CPU (processor) is ARM based and is located under the green heatsink.
eMMC stands for embedded multimedia card. It is the storage for the SBC and stores all the files from the OS. In order to run the OpenOrangeStorm image (Armbian OS), we need to flash it to the eMMC. On the ZNP-GIGA, the eMMC is mounted on spacers on top of the board. It should be labeled as "eMMC". Do not confuse it with the SD card!
MCU stands for Microcontroller Unit. The MCU is responsible for the actions of the printer, like movement, heating, fans and so on. In the Giga, there are two MCUs: one on the ZNP-GIGA board and one in the printhead (or toolhead). On the main board, the MCU is a STM32, while in the printhead it's a RP2040. The MCUs are programmed with a bootloader and firmware (Klipper firmware in our case) and connect to the SBC (or CPU) via CAN bridge integrated in the mainboard. The MCU on the mainboard has no heatsink on it, while the one in the printhead does.
OS stands for Operating System. An "image" or "img" is a snapshot of the OS. When first installing an OS, it is barren and has only the essentials installed. When adding programs, like Moonraker, Klipper, Fluidd and so on, the OS gets loaded and in order to be able to distribute a OS which is preconfigured, we create a image of the state, so that others can flash this image to their storage and have in at the state we desire.