docs: Add CLAUDE.md for Claude Code integration

[h5qzvwxsx5-boop]

This file provides comprehensive guidance for developers working with the DSPy Code repository, including project structure, setup instructions, development commands, code style guidelines, and documentation references.

Description

Type of Change

• 🐛 Bug fix (non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
• ✨ New feature (non-breaking change that adds functionality)
• 💥 Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• 📝 Documentation update
• 🎨 Code style/formatting
• ♻️ Refactoring (no functional changes)
• ✅ Test updates
• 🔧 Build/CI updates

Related Issues

Fixes #
Relates to #

Changes Made

Testing

• Added new tests
• Updated existing tests
• All tests pass locally
• Manual testing performed

Test Commands

# Commands you ran to test
pytest tests/

Checklist

• My code follows the project's style guidelines
• I have performed a self-review of my code
• I have commented my code where necessary
• I have updated the documentation accordingly
• My changes generate no new warnings or errors
• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature works
• New and existing tests pass locally
• I have updated CHANGELOG.md (if applicable)
• I have run pre-commit hooks (pre-commit run --all-files)

Screenshots (if applicable)

Additional Notes

Reviewer Notes

---

By submitting this PR, I confirm that:

• I have read the Contributing Guide
• My contribution is original or properly attributed
• I agree to license my contribution under the MIT License