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_docs/security/CVE-2025-55182-React2Shell.md

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+# CVE-2025-55182 (React2Shell) - Critical Security Update
+
+**Status**: ✅ **RESOLVED - Upgrade Completed (December 6, 2025)**  
+**CVE ID**: CVE-2025-55182  
+**Vulnerability Name**: React2Shell  
+**Severity**: Critical (RCE - Remote Code Execution)  
+**Date Identified**: December 2025  
+**Last Updated**: December 6, 2025
+
+---
+
+## Executive Summary
+
+CVE-2025-55182 is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting React Server Components in Next.js applications. Public exploits are available, and threat actors are actively probing for vulnerable applications. **Immediate upgrade is required.**
+
+### Current Status
+
+- **Current Next.js Version**: 16.0.7 (PATCHED) ✅
+- **Required Version**: 16.0.7 (PATCHED)
+- **Upgrade Status**: ✅ **COMPLETED** (December 6, 2025)
+
+---
+
+## Vulnerability Details
+
+### What is React2Shell?
+
+React2Shell is a critical RCE vulnerability that affects React Server Components (RSC) implementations. The vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to:
+
+- Complete server compromise
+- Data exfiltration
+- Unauthorized access to internal systems
+- Service disruption
+
+### Affected Versions
+
+All Next.js versions between **15.0.0** and **16.0.6** are vulnerable:
+
+| Next.js Version Range | Patched Release |
+|----------------------|-----------------|
+| 15.0.x | 15.0.5 |
+| 15.1.x | 15.1.9 |
+| 15.2.x | 15.2.6 |
+| 15.3.x | 15.3.6 |
+| 15.4.x | 15.4.8 |
+| 15.5.x | 15.5.7 |
+| **16.0.x** | **16.0.7** ⬅️ **Our Target** |
+| 14 canaries after 14.3.0-canary.76 | Downgrade to 14.3.0-canary.76 |
+| 15 canaries before 15.6.0-canary.58 | 15.6.0-canary.58 |
+| 16 canaries before 16.1.0-canary.12 | 16.1.0-canary.12+ |
+
+### Threat Landscape
+
+- ✅ **Public Exploits Available**: Proof-of-concept exploits are publicly available
+- ✅ **Active Exploitation**: Threat actors are actively probing for vulnerable applications
+- ✅ **Vercel WAF Protection**: Vercel has deployed WAF rules to block known exploit patterns
+- ⚠️ **WAF Limitations**: WAF rules cannot guarantee 100% protection against all variants
+- 🔴 **Upgrade Required**: Upgrading to a patched version is the **only complete fix**
+
+---
+
+## Remediation Steps
+
+### Step 1: Verify Current Version
+
+Check your current Next.js version using one of these methods:
+
+**Method 1: Browser Console**
+```javascript
+// Load any page from your app and run:
+next.version
+```
+
+**Method 2: Package.json**
+```bash
+# Check package.json
+grep '"next":' package.json
+```
+
+**Method 3: Installed Package**
+```bash
+pnpm list next
+```
+
+### Step 2: Automated Fix (Recommended First Attempt)
+
+Vercel has provided an automated fix tool:
+
+```bash
+npx fix-react2shell-next
+```
+
+This tool will:
+- Detect vulnerable Next.js versions
+- Automatically upgrade to the patched version
+- Update related dependencies if needed
+
+### Step 3: Manual Upgrade (If Automated Tool Doesn't Work)
+
+If the automated tool doesn't work or you need manual control:
+
+1. **Update package.json**:
+   ```json
+   {
+     "dependencies": {
+       "next": "16.0.7"  // Update from 16.0.3
+     },
+     "devDependencies": {
+       "@next/bundle-analyzer": "^16.0.7"  // Update to match Next.js version
+     }
+   }
+   ```
+
+2. **Update dependencies**:
+   ```bash
+   pnpm install
+   ```
+
+3. **Verify installation**:
+   ```bash
+   pnpm list next
+   # Should show: next@16.0.7
+   ```
+
+### Step 4: Verify Upgrade
+
+1. **Check version in browser**:
+   - Load any page from your app
+   - Open browser console
+   - Run: `next.version`
+   - Should display: `"16.0.7"`
+
+2. **Run type checking**:
+   ```bash
+   pnpm run typecheck
+   ```
+
+3. **Test build**:
+   ```bash
+   pnpm run build
+   ```
+
+4. **Test dev server**:
+   ```bash
+   pnpm run dev
+   ```
+
+### Step 5: Test Critical Functionality
+
+After upgrade, verify these critical features still work:
+
+- ✅ Dynamic routes (e.g., `/features/[slug]`, `/products/[slug]`)
+- ✅ Server components and server actions
+- ✅ API routes
+- ✅ Middleware functionality
+- ✅ Metadata generation
+- ✅ Image optimization
+
+---
+
+## Project-Specific Upgrade Details
+
+### Current Configuration
+
+- **Package Manager**: pnpm 9.15.9+
+- **Node Version**: >=20.0.0 <21.0.0
+- **Next.js Version**: 16.0.3 → **16.0.7** (target)
+
+### Related Packages to Update
+
+- `next`: `16.0.3` → `16.0.7`
+- `@next/bundle-analyzer`: `^16.0.3` → `^16.0.7`
+- `@next/third-parties`: `^15.4.3` (check compatibility, may need update)
+
+### Files Modified
+
+- `package.json` - Update Next.js and related @next package versions
+- `pnpm-lock.yaml` - Auto-updated by `pnpm install`
+
+---
+
+## Risk Assessment
+
+### Upgrade Risk: **LOW**
+
+This is a **patch version upgrade** (16.0.3 → 16.0.7) within the same major.minor version, which means:
+
+- ✅ **No Breaking Changes Expected**: Patch versions typically only include bug fixes and security patches
+- ✅ **Backward Compatible**: Should not require code changes
+- ⚠️ **Testing Required**: Still need to verify critical functionality works
+
+### Security Risk: **CRITICAL**
+
+- 🔴 **Public Exploits Available**: Attackers can easily exploit this vulnerability
+- 🔴 **Active Probing**: Threat actors are actively scanning for vulnerable apps
+- 🔴 **RCE Impact**: Successful exploitation leads to complete server compromise
+- 🔴 **Immediate Action Required**: Upgrade cannot be delayed
+
+---
+
+## Deployment Checklist
+
+- [ ] Run automated fix tool: `npx fix-react2shell-next`
+- [ ] Verify Next.js version updated to 16.0.7
+- [ ] Run `pnpm install` to update lockfile
+- [ ] Run `pnpm run typecheck` - verify no type errors
+- [ ] Run `pnpm run build` - verify build succeeds
+- [ ] Run `pnpm run dev` - verify dev server starts
+- [ ] Test critical routes (dynamic routes, API routes)
+- [ ] Test server components and server actions
+- [ ] Verify middleware functionality
+- [ ] Check production deployment on Vercel
+- [ ] Monitor for any errors or warnings post-deployment
+
+---
+
+## Post-Upgrade Monitoring
+
+After deployment, monitor for:
+
+1. **Build Errors**: Check build logs for any new errors
+2. **Runtime Errors**: Monitor application logs for unexpected behavior
+3. **Performance Issues**: Watch for any performance degradation
+4. **Function Timeouts**: Monitor for unusual POST requests or timeout spikes
+5. **Unexpected Behavior**: Review application activity for anomalies
+
+---
+
+## Additional Resources
+
+### Official Documentation
+
+- **Vercel Security Advisory**: [Blog Post](https://vercel.com/blog)
+- **React Security Advisory**: [react.dev blog](https://react.dev/blog)
+- **Next.js Security Advisory**: Check Next.js documentation
+
+### Vercel Platform Protections
+
+- ✅ **WAF Rules**: Vercel has deployed WAF rules to block known exploit patterns
+- ✅ **Deployment Blocking**: Vercel blocks new deployments of vulnerable Next.js versions
+- ⚠️ **Not a Replacement**: WAF rules are a defense layer, not a replacement for upgrading
+
+### Support
+
+- **Vercel Security Email**: security@vercel.com
+- **HackerOne Bounty Program**: $25,000 (high) / $50,000 (critical) for bypass reports
+
+---
+
+## FAQ
+
+### Q: How do I know if my app was exploited?
+
+A: Review application logs for:
+- Unusual POST requests
+- Spikes in function timeouts
+- Unexpected behavior or activity
+- However, note that function timeouts don't reliably indicate compromise
+
+### Q: Are Vercel WAF rules enough protection?
+
+A: No. WAF rules provide an additional layer of defense but cannot guarantee 100% protection against all possible attack variants. **Upgrading to a patched version is the only complete fix.**
+
+### Q: What if I'm using canary-only features?
+
+A: You should still prioritize updating. See the Next.js Security Advisory for instructions on updating without disabling canary features.
+
+### Q: Should I test with publicly available POCs?
+
+A: **No.** We caution against using publicly available exploits against production environments. Instead, follow the verification steps above.
+
+### Q: What about other frameworks using React Server Components?
+
+A: If you use another framework implementing RSC, consult the React Security Advisory on react.dev for framework-specific guidance.
+
+---
+
+## Change Log
+
+| Date | Action | Details |
+|------|--------|---------|
+| 2025-12-06 | Document Created | Initial documentation for CVE-2025-55182 |
+| 2025-12-06 | Upgrade Plan Created | Plan created for Next.js 16.0.3 → 16.0.7 upgrade |
+| 2025-12-06 | Upgrade Completed | Successfully upgraded Next.js from 16.0.3 to 16.0.7 |
+| 2025-12-06 | Verification Complete | Confirmed Next.js 16.0.7 installed, build tested |
+
+---
+
+## Related Files
+
+- `package.json` - Package dependencies
+- `pnpm-lock.yaml` - Dependency lockfile
+- `.cursor/plans/upgrade_next.js_to_patch_cve-2025-55182_*.plan.md` - Upgrade plan
+
+---
+
+**Last Reviewed**: December 6, 2025  
+**Next Review**: After upgrade completion  
+**Document Owner**: Security Team
+