Refactor error handling and improve logging

web_programming/covid_stats_via_xpath.py

@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@
 #     "lxml",
 # ]
 # ///
+from __future__ import annotations
 
+import argparse
+import logging
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import httpx
@@ -33,27 +36,50 @@ def covid_stats(
 ) -> CovidData:
     xpath_str = '//div[@class = "maincounter-number"]/span/text()'
     try:
-        response = httpx.get(url, timeout=10).raise_for_status()
+        response = httpx.get(url, timeout=10)
+        response.raise_for_status()
     except httpx.TimeoutException:
-        print(
+        logging.error(
             "Request timed out. Please check your network connection "
             "or try again later."
         )
         return CovidData("N/A", "N/A", "N/A")
     except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
-        print(f"HTTP error occurred: {e}")
+        logging.error(f"HTTP error occurred: {e}")
         return CovidData("N/A", "N/A", "N/A")
-    data = html.fromstring(response.content).xpath(xpath_str)
+    data: list[str] = html.fromstring(response.content).xpath(xpath_str)
     if len(data) != 3:
-        print("Unexpected data format. The page structure may have changed.")
-        data = "N/A", "N/A", "N/A"
+        logging.warning("Unexpected data format. The page structure may have changed.")
+        return CovidData("N/A", "N/A", "N/A")
+
     return CovidData(*data)
 
 
-if __name__ == "__main__":
+def main() -> None:
+    """CLI entry point."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Fetch COVID-19 statistics from Worldometers (archived)."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--url",
+        type=str,
+        default=(
+            "https://web.archive.org/web/20250825095350/"
+            "https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/"
+        ),
+        help="Custom archive URL (default: latest snapshot).",
+    )
+    # args = parser.parse_args()
+    args, _ = parser.parse_known_args()
+
+    stats = covid_stats(args.url)
     fmt = (
         "Total COVID-19 cases in the world: {}\n"
         "Total deaths due to COVID-19 in the world: {}\n"
         "Total COVID-19 patients recovered in the world: {}"
     )
-    print(fmt.format(*covid_stats()))
+    print(fmt.format(*stats))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()